Deck 10: Market Expansion Industry in First Transition

Question 1

The primary source of power for industrial production in the antebellum period was

A)coal.
B)steam.
C)water.
D)wood.

Answer 1

steam.

Question 2

From 1800-1860 which part of the nation was most opposed to high tariffs?

A)South.
B)New England.
C)Middle Atlantic States.
D)Far Western States.

Answer 2

South.

Question 3

The development of interchangeable parts by Whitney and North allowed

A)machinery to be replaced by skilled labor.
B)capital-labor proportions in the US to remain equal to those in England.
C)producers to raise the price of guns.
D)skilled labor to be replaced by unskilled labor and machines.

Answer 3

skilled labor to be replaced by unskilled labor and machines.

Question 4

Francis Lowell's Boston Manufacturing Company

A)specialized in the production of one type of cloth.
B)combined all four stages of cloth production in one plant.
C)sold its product throughout the U.S.
D)used power looms for weaving.
E)All of the above.

Question 5

The Connecticut General Incorporation act

A)was passed in 1797 and allowed private citizens to pursue liability claims against corporations.
B)provided for the state legislature to grant charters.
C)expanded the liability for English joint-stock companies.
D)was passed in 1837 and made incorporation a right.
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following industries was not among the 10 leading industries in 1860?

A)boots and shoes
B)printing and publishing
C)machinery
D)lumber

Question 7

What two basic ideas led to American preeminence in nineteenth-century manufacturing?

A)interchangeable parts and the right of incorporation
B)continuous-process manufacturing,and the breast water wheel
C)water frame spinning machines and the use of interchangeable parts
D)interchangeable parts and continuous-process manufacturing

Question 8

From 1800-1860 which part of the nation most supported high tariffs?

A)Southeast.
B)New England.
C)Southwest.
D)Far Western States.

Question 9

What best describes the antebellum economy?

A)By 1860 the size of most American firms was comparable to the size of firms today.
B)Manufacturing had replaced agriculture as the largest sector of employment in the US.
C)Heavy equipment was one of the top-three manufacturing sectors.
D)The U.S.developed many new ways of combining factors of production to substitute capital for labor.

Question 10

Samuel Slater is most recognized for

A)inventing the cotton gin.
B)inventing the telegraph.
C)lobbying the government for the abolition of slavery.
D)playing an integral role in developing the first American factory.

Question 11

According to the 1860 census,the top employer in manufacturing was the _______ industry.

A)boot and shoe
B)cotton textile
C)flour and meal
D)iron

Question 12

Which is not an advantage of corporations?

A)Limited liability
B)Longevity and permanence
C)More likely to earn higher profits
D)Ease of attracting investors

Question 13

Which of the following phrases does not describe an essential characteristic of a factory?

A)produces a standardized product to be sold in a wide market
B)relies on stocks and bonds in order to finance plants and machinery
C)assemble workers under a definite organizational discipline
D)carries out complex operations in one building or in adjacent buildings

Question 14

The most important reason for the increasing prominence of the corporation was

A)protection from creditors.
B)that some businesses required more capital than one person or a few people could provide.
C)the use of "double liability."
D)None of the above were reasons.

Question 15

According to Walton and Rockoff,what is not a pre-condition for factory production and industrialization?

A)Standardized parts
B)Sufficient power and energy
C)Continuous process production
D)A sufficiently centralized administrative structure

Question 16

Which was not a way in which tariffs hurt the South?

A)Southern produced products lost US market share.
B)The tariffs raised the price of imported goods to consumers.
C)England had less money with which to purchase American made goods.

Question 17

The first factories in the US were developed within the __________ industry.

A)iron smelting
B)grain milling
C)boot and shoe
D)cotton textile

Question 18

According to Robert Zevin's 1971 study of textiles,the U.S.cotton textile industry had ____ percent of the number of Britain's textile labor force,but produced ____ percent as much cotton.

A)80;80
B)50;80
C)50;40
D)25;40

Question 19

By 1830 home manufacture had declined significantly due to

A)increased industrial organization.
B)increased tariffs.
C)advances in transportation.
D)Both a and b are correct.
E)Both a and c are correct.

Question 20

In 1791,what percent of America's clothing was homemade?

A)10-20%
B)30-40%
C)60-80%
D)95% or more was homemade.

Question 21

Tariffs comprised approximately what percentage of the federal government revenues between 1790 and 1860?

A)97%.
B)55%.
C)25%.
D)1%.

Question 22

What constituted the majority of federal government revenues in 1860?

A)Property tax.
B)Tariffs.
C)Income tax.
D)Fees and Licenses.

Question 23

The antebellum period was characterized by many changes in tariff rates.What best describes the effect of removing a tariff on foreign cotton textiles?

A)The total supply curve of textiles would shift back.
B)The price of both foreign-made and domestic-made textiles would decrease.
C)The price of foreign-made textiles would decrease and the price of domestic-made textiles would increase.
D)The total (foreign and domestically produced.quantity of textiles purchased in the US would decrease.
E)The real income of textile consumers would decrease.

Question 24

High value-added per employee is associated with

A)"high-tech," capital intensive industries.
B)"low-tech," labor intensive industries.
C)the shoe industry in 1860.
D)the use of unskilled labor.