Deck 18: Basic Nutrition

Question 1

A diet deficient in carbohydrates,which causes extra fat to be metabolized to meet the body's energy needs,can cause which of these conditions?

A)arteriosclerosis
B)hyperglycemia
C)hypoglycemia
D)ketosis

Answer 1

ketosis

Question 2

Which body system relies solely upon carbohydrates for energy?

A)central nervous
B)integumentary
C)reproductive
D)respiratory

Answer 2

central nervous

Question 3

The constructive process of metabolism that the body uses in growth and repair is:

A)anabolism
B)catabolism
C)deglutition
D)oxidation

Answer 3

anabolism

Question 4

Which of these foods contains monounsaturated fatty acids?

A)nuts
B)eggs
C)corn
D)potatoes

Question 5

The rate of energy use in the body,which is expressed in calories,is called:

A)basal metabolism
B)metabolic rate
C)megametabolism
D)nutrition

Question 6

When identifying dietary foods high in polyunsaturated fatty acids,which of these foods should the client choose?

A)fowl
B)nuts
C)olive oil
D)sunflower seeds

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of the process of mechanical digestion?

A)deglutition
B)ingestion
C)mastication
D)peristalsis

Question 8

When choosing nutrients that provide the most concentrated sources of energy in the diet,the client should select:

A)carbohydrates
B)fats
C)proteins
D)vitamins

Question 9

The client who has a deficiency of water is experiencing:

A)anhydrous
B)dehydration
C)ketosis
D)perspiration

Question 10

The body undergoes a destructive process of metabolism in which energy is released.This is an example of:

A)anabolism
B)catabolism
C)deglutition
D)oxidation

Question 11

Which of these substances is required to produce hormones such as estrogen and testosterone?

A)cholesterol
B)lipids
C)phospholipids
D)triglycerides

Question 12

When the secretion of insulin is impaired or absent,which of these responses occurs?

A)euglycemia
B)glycogenolysis
C)hyperglycemia
D)hypoglycemia

Question 13

Hypercholesterolemia,which is common in clients who have plaque deposits forming on the inside of artery walls,is associated with which of these conditions?

A)atherosclerosis
B)hypertension
C)multiple sclerosis
D)obesity

Question 14

Most nutrients are water soluble and can be absorbed directly through:

A)loops
B)filaments
C)polyps
D)villi

Question 15

Women generally have a lower metabolism than men because women's bodies have:

A)a more porous bone structure
B)a higher percentage of fat tissue
C)a higher percentage of muscle
D)increased thyroid activity

Question 16

The body requires a certain amount of energy needed to maintain functions such as circulation and respiration.This is an example of:

A)anabolism
B)basal metabolism
C)base caloric requirement
D)metabolic rate

Question 17

Myelin and lecithin,the structural components of cells,are examples of:

A)cholesterol
B)lipids
C)phospholipids
D)triglycerides

Question 18

Two-thirds of body water is found in which fluid compartment?

A)cerebrospinal
B)extracellular
C)interstitial
D)intracellular

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of acidic,semifluid paste that is part of chemical digestion?

A)chyme
B)insulin
C)saliva
D)bile

Question 20

If a client does not have enough glucose available when needed,which process can occur to provide the needed energy?

A)gluconeogenesis
B)glycogenesis
C)glycogenolysis
D)oxidation

Question 21

A client's dietary prescription states,"NPO," which means that the client may:

A)be preparing for surgery or another procedure
B)have no food or fluid by mouth
C)have only clear liquids
D)require an orogastric tube in order to receive nutrition via the gastrointestinal tract

Question 22

When a nutrient that does not naturally occur in a food is added to the food,the food is described as:

A)enriched
B)fortified
C)incomplete
D)nutritious

Question 23

Which of these statements about a dietary prescription is TRUE?

A)It must be enforced by the nurse to ensure the client ingests only what was ordered.
B)It is updated in the client's medical orders each day.
C)It is written by a licensed dietician after appropriate client counseling.
D)It is written by the health care provider.

Question 24

A client has had dentures for 2 years but rarely uses them at mealtimes.Which of these actions should the nurse request from the health care provider?

A)Prescribe a mechanical soft or edentulous diet.
B)Order a dental consult to correct the client's problem.
C)Order a dietary consult to assist the client in making educated food choices.
D)Prescribe a liquid diet.

Question 25

Which of these statements about nutrition in the young and middle adult period is TRUE?

A)More calories are required because of physical activity.
B)Both men and women require more dietary iron.
C)Nutrient requirements of healthy adults change very little.
D)The quantity of food consumed usually increases.

Question 26

At what age is it recommended that solid foods be introduced to an infant?

A)as soon as possible
B)at 2 months
C)at 3 months
D)at 4 to 6 months

Question 27

Which of these approaches is used to determine if an individual's weight is appropriate for his or her height?

A)anthropometric measures
B)basal energy requirements
C)basal metabolic rate
D)body mass index

Question 28

Why is it important for nurses to teach their clients to cook foods in a minimum amount of water?

A)Food tastes better when steamed,baked,or broiled.
B)Hydrogen ions from the water bind to the vitamins and minerals,which decreases absorption.
C)Most minerals and some vitamins are water-soluble,and these nutrients will remain in the cooking water.
D)The positive oxygen ions in the water bind to the negative ions in the food,thus oxidizing the chemical bonds and increasing the client's risk of obtaining toxic amounts of some nutrients.

Question 29

A client who has hypokalemia asks the nurse for dietary advice on what foods would help her correct this deficiency.Which of these foods should the nurse recommend?

A)eggs and cheese
B)fruits,especially oranges,bananas,and prunes
C)green leafy vegetables
D)meat

Question 30

Which of these dietary prescriptions would the nurse anticipate for a client whose medical diagnosis is hypertension and early renal failure?

A)a fat-controlled diet
B)NPO
C)a regular diet
D)a sodium-restricted diet

Question 31

Which of these statements BEST describes nutritional requirements for older adults?

A)Protein needs increase.
B)Kilocalorie needs decrease.
C)Carbohydrate needs increase.
D)Unsaturated fat needs decrease.

Question 32

Which of these substances must be ingested every day because they are not stored in the body?

A)fat-soluble vitamins
B)phospholipids
C)triglycerides
D)water-soluble vitamins

Question 33

Meats,whole grains,egg yolks,legumes,prunes,raisins,and apricots are high in which of these minerals?

A)calcium
B)iodine
C)iron
D)potassium

Question 34

The number of food group servings needed by an individual depends upon which of these factors?

A)food guide pyramid
B)individual food preferences
C)health of absorbing tissues
D)number of calories the individual needs

Question 35

A client who has been treated for gastric ulcers will have which of these dietary prescriptions?

A)fat controlled
B)liberal bland
C)low residue
D)regular

Question 36

Which of these statements about nutrition during adolescence is TRUE?

A)Kilocalorie requirements for girls tend to be greater than for boys.
B)Nutrient needs decrease as this period begins.
C)The need for vitamin D increases.
D)Inadequate nutrient intake can occur because of peer and media influences.

Question 37

In addition to age,height,and weight,a client's nutritional assessment should include which of these factors?

A)overall health status
B)cultural and family influences
C)use of over-the-counter medications
D)identification of the person responsible for food preparation

Question 38

During childhood,it is important for nurses to reinforce which of the following with parents?

A)Eating habits established during this period will usually continue throughout life.
B)The rate of growth increases as the child ages.
C)New foods should be introduced regularly.
D)Whole milk is preferred throughout this period.

Question 39

The nurse should remove which of these entrées from the tray of an Orthodox Jewish client?

A)beef steak
B)broiled trout
C)beef stroganoff
D)stuffed cabbage

Question 40

A vegan client who avoids all animal proteins,including dairy products and eggs,may have deficiencies of:

A)vitamins A and D
B)vitamins B complex and C
C)iron
D)magnesium

Question 41

The nurse encourages clients to eat a variety of inorganic nutrients because their function is to do which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)decrease body tissue
B)promote bone formation
C)a medium for chemical reactions
D)transport materials
E)conduct nerve impulses

Question 42

The nurse is aware that the major function of the body's water is to do which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)performs hydrolysis
B)transports nutrients
C)lubricates muscles
D)regulates the proportion of the body
E)regulates body temperature
F) acts as a solute

Question 43

When preparing the client for a meal,a nurse's FIRST responsibility is:

A)ensuring that the client is ready to eat
B)identifying the client's tray and ensuring that the correct diet has been sent
C)positioning the client comfortably upright with the overbed table over the client's lap
D)removing any offensive sights and smells from the room

Question 44

A client is to be NPO for several days following a surgical procedure.The nurse would anticipate which of these dietary prescriptions?

A)diet therapy
B)enteral nutrition
C)parenteral nutrition
D)placement of a nasogastric tube

Question 45

An unconscious client will require nutritional support for approximately 3 to 5 days.Which of these dietary prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?

A)a soft diet
B)enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube
C)parenteral nutrition
D)supplemental adult formula

Question 46

Which of the following are major minerals required by the body? (Select all that apply. )

A)vitamin B12
B)sodium
C)magnesium
D)potassium
E)iodine
F)calcium