Deck 18: Nervous System Cells

Question 1

Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have:

A) nodes of Ranvier.
B) a neurilemma.
C) a myelin sheath.
D) neurofibrils.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the:

A) somatic nervous system.
B) autonomic nervous system.
C) central nervous system.
D) afferent division.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Multipolar neurons have:

A) multiple axons and multiple dendrites.
B) multiple axons and one dendrite.
C) multiple dendrites and one axon.
D) one dendrite and one axon.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is:

A) dendrite, axon, cell body, and receptor.
B) dendrite, cell body, and axon.
C) axon, cell body, and dendrite.
D) receptor, axon, and cell body.

Question 5

Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the:

A) endoneurium.
B) perineurium.
C) macroneurium.
D) epineurium.

Question 6

Which is not true of the myelin sheath?

A) It is associated with white fibers in the brain.
B) It is important for nerve impulse conduction.
C) It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord.
D) It is destroyed in those with multiple sclerosis.

Question 7

The white matter of the nervous system is made up of:

A) myelinated fibers.
B) nuclei.
C) unmyelinated fibers.
D) ganglia.

Question 8

Most unipolar neurons are usually:

A) motor neurons.
B) neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.
C) sensory neurons.
D) neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 9

A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron.

A) multipolar
B) bipolar
C) unipolar
D) multidendritic

Question 10

The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the _____ nervous systems.

A) peripheral and afferent
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic
C) sympathetic and efferent
D) parasympathetic and somatic

Question 11

The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the:

A) astrocytes.
B) microglia.
C) ependymal cells.
D) oligodendrocytes.

Question 12

Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of:

A) nerve fibers.
B) neuroglia.
C) axons.
D) cell bodies.

Question 13

Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies.

A) toward
B) away from
C) within
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 14

A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n):

A) motor neuron.
B) sensory neuron.
C) interneuron.
D) bipolar neuron.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

A) Integrating sensory information
B) Evaluating the information
C) Initiating an outgoing response
D) All of the above are functions of the CNS.

Question 16

The myelin sheath is formed by:

A) Nissl bodies.
B) nodes of Ranvier.
C) Schwann cells.
D) neuron cell bodies.

Question 17

A lack of which neurotransmitter is associated with Parkinson's disease?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Endorphins
C) Dopamine
D) Enkephalin

Question 18

Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except:

A) there is no neurolemma in cells of the CNS.
B) astrocytes fill in the path of regrowth.
C) microglia lay down scar tissue.
D) All of these lessen the chance of healing in the CNS.

Question 19

Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?

A) Water
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Glucose
D) Dopamine

Question 20

Which is true of a reflex arc?

A) It does not involve the brain.
B) It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron.
C) It always consists of an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, and an interneuron.
D) It always consists of an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, the brain, and the spinal cord.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of a three-neuron ipsilateral reflex?

A) It contains an interneuron.
B) The impulse leaves the CNS on the same side as the one on which it entered.
C) The impulse leaves the CNS on the side opposite to the one from which it entered.
D) It stimulates an action potential in a motor neuron.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a factor in the velocity of nerve impulse conduction?

A) Length
B) Diameter
C) Whether or not it is myelinated
D) Neither B nor C

Question 23

Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves.

A) sensory
B) motor
C) mixed
D) Schwann

Question 24

The telodendria are:

A) the receptor portion of the dendrite.
B) where the dendrite attaches to the cell body.
C) where the axon leaves the cell body.
D) none of the above.

Question 25

The nervous system can be divided:

A) according to its structure.
B) according to direction of information flow.
C) by control of effectors.
D) in all of the above ways.

Question 26

In a three-neuron reflex arc, the afferent neurons synapse with the:

A) interneuron.
B) efferent neuron.
C) contralateral neuron.
D) ipsilateral neuron.

Question 27

Interneurons reside in the:

A) CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
B) CNS only.
C) PNS only.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 28

The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system:

A) stimulate the fight-or-flight response.
B) maintain normal resting activity.
C) carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain.
D) do both A and B.

Question 29

One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is:

A) astrocytes.
B) neurons.
C) myelin.
D) oligodendrocytes.

Question 30

Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve?

A) Endoneurium
B) Perineurium
C) Epineurium
D) Fascicle

Question 31

Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called:

A) nuclei.
B) tracts.
C) ganglia.
D) axons.

Question 32

In the human nervous system:

A) most of the cells are neurons.
B) most of the cells are glia cells.
C) there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons.
D) the ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system.

Question 33

The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the _____ pathway of the _____ nervous system.

A) afferent; somatic
B) afferent; autonomic
C) efferent; somatic
D) efferent; autonomic

Question 34

The other term for cell body is:

A) telodendria.
B) perikaryon.
C) Nissl body.
D) axon hillock.

Question 35

Schwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS?

A) Oligodendrocytes
B) Astrocytes
C) Microglia
D) Ependymal cells

Question 36

The nervous system is organized to do which of the following?

A) Detect changes in the external environment.
B) Detect changes in the internal environment.
C) Evaluate changes in the environment.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 37

The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate:

A) skeletal muscles.
B) smooth muscles.
C) glands.
D) cardiac muscle.

Question 38

Which of the following statements does not apply to ependymal cells?

A) They form the sheets of cells that line fluid-filled cavities in the brain.
B) They make up part of the blood-brain barrier.
C) They produce fluid that fills the cavities in the brain.
D) They have cilia to move fluid in the brain.

Question 39

Astrocytes attach to:

A) neurons.
B) oligodendrocytes.
C) blood vessels.
D) both A and C.

Question 40

Which is the only glia cell that is found outside of the CNS?

A) Schwann cell
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Astrocyte
D) Ependymal cell

Question 41

In a contralateral reflex arc, the receptors and effectors are located on opposite sides of the body.

Question 42

If there were lesions on a bundle of myelinated fibers, what would occur?

A) Nerve conduction would be enhanced with an increase in motor coordination.
B) There would be no side effects of these types of lesions.
C) Nerve conduction would be impaired, and weakness, loss of coordination, and visual impairment would occur.
D) Nerve conduction would be impaired, and neuromas would develop.

Question 43

The afferent nervous system consists of all outgoing motor pathways.

Question 44

Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are unipolar.

Question 45

Neurons have:

A) complete regeneration capacity.
B) no regeneration capacity.
C) very limited capacity to repair themselves.
D) none of the above.

Question 46

Most injuries to the brain and spinal cord cause permanent damage.

Question 47

Which of the following structures is(are) not found on the axon?

A) Axon hillock
B) Telodendria
C) Synaptic knob
D) All of the above structures are found on the axon.

Question 48

In an ipsilateral arc, the effectors and receptors are on opposite sides of the body.

Question 49

After a stroke, there is usually some damage to brain tissue. What type of neuroglia would you expect to find invading the affected area?

A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Microglia
D) Oligodendrocytes

Question 50

In an adult, brain cells do not undergo mitosis, except to replace neurons that have been damaged or destroyed.

Question 51

Multiple sclerosis is the most common primary disease of the CNS.

Question 52

Nerve fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called myelinated fibers, or gray fibers.

Question 53

Small, lipid-soluble molecules can diffuse easily across the blood-brain barrier.

Question 54

Preparing the body for "fight or flight" describes the function of the _____ nervous system.

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) somatic
D) Both B and C are correct.

Question 55

Groups of cell bodies located in the brain or spinal cord are referred to as ganglia.

Question 56

Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue.

Question 57

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Question 58

What is the relationship between the afferent and efferent neurons of the reflex arc?

A) The afferent neurons move signals to the CNS, and the efferent neurons move signals away from the CNS.
B) The afferent neurons move signals away from the CNS, and the efferent neurons move signals to the CNS.
C) Afferent neurons are present in the brain, and efferent neurons are present at the sensory site.
D) None. Efferent neurons are only present in gray matter of the brain and are needed for the reflex arc to work correctly.

Question 59

Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the CNS.

Question 60

Regeneration of nerve fibers will occur only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have a neurilemma.

Question 61

Cranial nerves are considered part of the CNS.

Question 62

When "central" and "peripheral" are used as directional terms in the nervous system, a nerve fiber may be called peripheral if it extends from the cell body toward the CNS.

Question 63

The nervous system is designed to detect stimuli from both the internal and external environment.

Question 64

The efferent division of the nervous system consists of mostly sensory pathways.

Question 65

Neurons have, at best, a limited ability to repair themselves.

Question 66

Pathways from the autonomic nervous system that leave the CNS from the brain would be sympathetic pathways.

Question 67

Rapid succession stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic knob is called an ipsilateral reflex.

Question 68

Spinal nerves are considered part of the PNS.

Question 69

The CNS is composed of efferent nerves only.

Question 70

The PNS includes both efferent and afferent nerves.

Question 71

Small, distinct regions of gray matter within the CNS are called nuclei.

Question 72

Regeneration of nerve fibers is impossible, even if the cell body is intact and the fibers have a neurilemma.

Question 73

The name for the astrocyte comes from its shape.

Question 74

Most nerves in the human nervous system are mixed.

Question 75

When "central" and "peripheral" are used as directional terms in the nervous system, a nerve fiber may be called peripheral if it extends from the cell body away from the CNS.

Question 76

Bundles of unmyelinated fibers make up what is referred to as white matter.

Question 77

If a motor neuron is damaged, it can cause the muscle it innervates to atrophy because of lack of stimulation.

Question 78

There are differences between the central and peripheral nervous systems concerning the repair of damaged fibers.

Question 79

Pathways from the autonomic nervous system that form the thoracic region of the spinal cord would be sympathetic pathways.

Question 80

The nervous system can be divided according to structure, direction of information flow, and speed of conduction.