Deck 14: Introduction to Respiratory Care Pharmacology

Question 1

A pediatric patient is admitted to the emergency department from a physician's office with the suspected diagnosis of croup.An inspiratory stridor is heard.Which aerosolized sympathomimetic would you recommend to decrease the stridor?

A)Racemic epinephrine
B)Albuterol
C)Levalbuterol
D)Isoproterenol

Answer 1

Racemic epinephrine

Question 2

Which of the following is caused by histamine release from the mast cells?
I.Bronchodilation
II.Increased bronchial gland secretion
III.Increased amount of mucus present in the airways

A)I and II only
B)II and III only
C)III only
D)I,II,III

Answer 2

II and III only

Question 3

Salmeterol and Fluticasone are combined into a DPI preparation.What is the purpose of these two drugs combined?

A)Maintenance bronchodilation and Mast cell stabilization
B)Mucolysis and anti-inflammation
C)Bronchodilation by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system
D)Maintenance bronchodilation and anti-inflammation

Answer 3

Maintenance bronchodilation and anti-inflammation

Question 4

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes _________________

A)vascular permeability.
B)decreased blood pressure.
C)bronchodilation.
D)bronchoconstriction.

Question 5

Acetylcholine stimulates ____________________

A)the Vagus nerve.
B)the adrenergic receptors.
C)the sympathetic nervous system.
D)the cholinergic receptors.

Question 6

Release of acetylcholine will cause ___________________

A)bronchodilation.
B)Mast cell stabilization.
C)stimulation of cyclic 3'5' AMP.
D)bronchospasm.

Question 7

What is the name of the receptor sites that are located in the peripheral vasculature,the heart,bronchial muscle,and bronchial blood vessels?

A)Beta 2 receptors
B)Gamma receptors
C)Alpha receptors
D)Beta 1 receptors

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sympathomimetic drug?

A)Salmeterol Xinafoate
B)Formoterol fumarate
C)Pirbuterol Acetate
D)Atropine Sulfate

Question 9

Which of the following drugs cause bronchodilation by inhibiting the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?
I.Atropine sulfate
II.Ipratropium bromide
III.Tiotropium bromide
IV.Terbutaline sulfate

A)I and IV
B)II and III
C)I,II,III
D)IV only

Question 10

Place the following intracellular events of the Beta 2 receptor stimulation in order.
I.Phosphodiesterase breaks down cyclic 3',5'-AMP into 5'-AMP
II.Adenylate cyclase combines with magnesium and ATP to form cyclic 3',5'-AMP
III.Cyclic 3',5'-AMP results in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
IV.Beta-2 stimulation causes the formation of adenylate cyclase

A)I,II,III,IV
B)III,IV,I,II
C)IV,II,III,I
D)IV,III,II,I

Question 11

Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system would cause _________________

A)bronchoconstriction.
B)stridor.
C)bronchodilation.
D)relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle.

Question 12

A patient is ready to be discharged to her home.At home the patient has a compressor and a small volume nebulizer.Which of the following corticosteroids is in solution and is intended to be administered via a small volume nebulizer?

A)Prednisone
B)Dexamethasone
C)Budesonide
D)Triamcinolone

Question 13

Corticosteroids:

A)cause brondilation directly.
B)reduce inflammation.
C)stabilize Mast cells.
D)should always be administered with a bronchodilator.

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT cause a bronchospasm or bronchoconstriction?

A)Leukotrienes
B)Beta 1 receptors
C)Histamine
D)Prostaglandins

Question 15

A sympathomimetic drug would cause ________________

A)bronchodilation.
B)bronchoconstriction.
C)Histamine release.
D)Vagus nerve stimulation.

Question 16

Stimulation of the beta 2 receptors causes ___________________

A)peripheral vasoconstriction and mild bronchoconstriction in the lungs.
B)tachycardia,an increased potential for arrhythmias,and an increased cardiac output.
C)bronchodilation.
D)peripheral vasodilation,bradycardia,and decreased cardiac output.

Question 17

Which receptor site results in tachycardia,an increased potential for arrhythmias,and an increased cardiac output?

A)Beta 1 receptor
B)Beta 2 receptor
C)Alpha receptor
D)Delta receptor

Question 18

Aminophylline causes bronchodilation by ___________________

A)stimulating the production of cyclic 3'5' AMP.
B)blocking the parasympathetic nervous system.
C)inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase.
D)causing Mast cell degranulation.

Question 19

What immunoglobulin antibody sensitizes the mast cell?

A)Leukotrienes
B)IgE
C)Histamine
D)Prostaglandins

Question 20

Which of the following sympathomimetic drugs are intended for maintenance therapy only?
I.Levalbuterol
II.Salmeterol
III.Formoterol
IV.Pirbuterol

A)II,III,and IV
B)I and IV
C)II and III
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 21

Which of the following is a frequently nebulized antibiotic for patients with cystic fibrosis?

A)Pentamidine
B)Ribvirin
C)Sodium bicarbonate
D)Tobramycin

Question 22

After delivery of an adrenergic bronchodilator with a small volume nebulizer,a patient complains of "shakiness" and feeling "nervous".He notes palpitations and his heart feels like it is racing.What is happening and how could these problems be corrected?

Question 23

Which of the following drugs stabilize mast cells?

A)Ipratropium
B)Cromolyn sodium
C)Albuterol
D)Fluticasone

Question 24

MDI spacer devices are used in conjunction with MDIs to:

A)serve as a baffle,removing smaller particles from suspension.
B)enhance the effectiveness of aerosol deposition and improve medication delivery.
C)act as a reservoir that helps to decrease the evaporation of the MDI propellant.
D)a,b,and c

Question 25

One of the side effects of Acetylcysteine is bronchospasm.How can this side effect be avoided?

A)By giving Acetylcysteine with a bronchodilator.
B)By giving the patient a corticosteroid after the treatment.
C)By administering half of the therapy,allowing the patient to rest,then finishing the therapy.
D)By simultaneous use of sodium bicarbonate.

Question 26

An aerosol drug is ordered on a patient in MDI form.The propellant causes a reflex bronchospasm in the patient.What can be done?

Question 27

A small volume nebulizer is ordered for a patient on a mechanical ventilator.To prevent condensation and secretions from draining into the nebulizer and contaminating it,what could be done?

Question 28

Montelukast,Zarfirlukast,and Zileuton are all used as maintenance therapy for asthma.How do they work?

A)They stabilize the Mast cells.
B)The cause bronchodilation.
C)They are mucolytics.
D)They are leukotriene inhibitors.