Deck 28: Heart

Question 1

The structural components of the circulatory system include the:

A) heart and lungs.
B) heart and lymph nodes.
C) heart and blood vessels.
D) heart, vessels, and lymph nodes.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is a cuspid valve?

A) Aortic
B) Pulmonary
C) Mitral
D) Both A and B

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The saclike structure around the heart is the:

A) epicardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) pericardium.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not an atrioventricular valve?

A) Aortic
B) Mitral
C) Bicuspid
D) Tricuspid

Question 5

The ventricle of the heart that ejects blood toward the lungs is the:

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.

Question 6

The right atrioventricular valve is also called the:

A) bicuspid.
B) tricuspid.
C) mitral.
D) aortic.

Question 7

The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is(are) the:

A) AV node.
B) SA node.
C) cardiac plexuses.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is a semilunar valve?

A) Aortic
B) Mitral
C) Tricuspid
D) Bicuspid

Question 9

Chordae tendineae are associated with which structure?

A) Aortic valve
B) Mitral valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Both B and C

Question 10

The correct order of the layers of the heart from deep to superficial is:

A) myocardium, pericardium, and endocardium.
B) epicardium, myocardium, and pericardium.
C) epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
D) endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.

Question 11

Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?

A) Endocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Fibrous pericardium
D) Myocardium

Question 12

Respectively, the right and left atrioventricular valves are also known as:

A) tricuspid, mitral.
B) bicuspid, tricuspid.
C) mitral, bicuspid.
D) bicuspid, mitral.

Question 13

The thickest layer of tissue in the heart wall is the:

A) epicardium.
B) pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 14

The cavity of the heart that normally has the thickest wall is the:

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

Question 15

All of the following are true statements except:

A) the right coronary artery is dominant in about 50% of all hearts.
B) both atria receive their blood supply from branches of the right and left coronary arteries.
C) the more abundant blood supply goes to the myocardium of the left ventricle rather than the right ventricle.
D) only a few connections, or anastomoses, exist between the larger branches of the coronary arteries.

Question 16

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the:

A) atria.
B) lungs.
C) vena cava.
D) ventricles.

Question 17

The valve that guards the left atrioventricular orifice is called the _____ valve.

A) bicuspid
B) mitral
C) tricuspid
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 18

The pulmonary and aortic valves are also called _____ valves.

A) cuspid
B) semilunar
C) aortic
D) pulmonary

Question 19

The internal layer of tissue in the heart is the:

A) epicardium.
B) pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 20

The muscular layer of the heart wall is the:

A) epicardium.
B) pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is not true of the location of the heart?

A) It lies in the mediastinum.
B) It lies to the right of the midline of the body.
C) It lies behind the body of the sternum.
D) All of the above are true about the location of the heart.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is not true about the nerve supply to the heart?

A) The heart is autorhythmic.
B) The heart receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses.
C) The vagus nerve serves as an inhibitory nerve.
D) All of the above are true about the nerve supply to the heart.

Question 23

Cuspid valves open into:

A) the aorta.
B) the pulmonary artery.
C) the ventricles of the heart.
D) both A and B.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true of the atria?

A) They have thinner myocardial walls than do ventricles.
B) They are the same structure as the auricle.
C) They are called receiving chambers of the heart.
D) All of the above are true of the atria.

Question 25

If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the left ventricle?

A) Bicuspid
B) Tricuspid
C) Aortic semilunar
D) Pulmonary semilunar

Question 26

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:

A) lungs.
B) left atrium.
C) right atrium.
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 27

The pulmonary arteries empty blood into the:

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.

Question 28

Pericardial fluid can be found between the:

A) myocardium and the epicardium.
B) myocardium and the endocardium.
C) pericardium and the ribs.
D) epicardium and the pericardium.

Question 29

Which of the following is not true of the myocardium?

A) Cells are joined by intercalated disks.
B) The muscle cells are autorhythmic.
C) The muscle cells can quickly summate contractions to produce tetanus.
D) It is made of electrically coupled functional units called syncytia.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is not true of the heart?

A) The heart of an adult is proportionally larger than the heart of an infant.
B) The heart reaches its adult size between puberty and 25 years of age.
C) The average weight of the heart is about 85 grams more in the male than in the female.
D) The heart tends to take on the shape of the chest of the individual.

Question 31

The heart begins beating in the fetus at about what stage of development?

A) Fourth month
B) Second month
C) After about 4 weeks
D) After about 2 weeks

Question 32

Blood from the superior vena cava enters which part of the heart?

A) Right atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Left ventricle

Question 33

What is the correct explanation for how cardiac tamponade can affect the heart?

A) It causes a prolapsed mitral valve, one whose flaps extend back into the left atrium, causing incompetence (leaking) of the valve.
B) It causes blood to not only eject forward into the aorta but also regurgitate back into the left ventricle because of a leaky aortic semilunar valve.
C) It is a compression of the heart that impairs its pumping action and makes immediate pericardial drainage necessary.
D) It is a delayed inflammatory response to streptococcal infection that results in stenosis or other deformities of the valves, chordae tendineae, or myocardium.

Question 34

If the chordae tendineae in the right side of the heart were damaged, it might cause blood to leak into the:

A) pulmonary artery during heart contraction.
B) right ventricle during heart contraction.
C) right atrium during heart contraction.
D) right ventricle during heart relaxation.

Question 35

The blood entering the aorta has just left which heart chamber?

A) Right atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Left ventricle

Question 36

Which of the following is not true of ventricles?

A) They are the pumping chambers of the heart.
B) The myocardium of the ventricles is thicker than that of the atria.
C) The myocardium of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right ventricle.
D) All of the above are true of the ventricles.

Question 37

Semilunar valves open into:

A) the aorta.
B) the pulmonary artery.
C) the ventricles of the heart.
D) both A and B.

Question 38

If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium?

A) Bicuspid
B) Tricuspid
C) Aortic semilunar
D) Pulmonary semilunar

Question 39

If the AV node were forced to assume pacemaker activity, the resulting pulse rate would be _____ beats per minutes.

A) 10 to 30
B) 20 to 40
C) 30 to 50
D) 40 to 60

Question 40

What is the functional significance of large areas of cardiac muscle being electrically coupled to form a single functional syncytium?

A) Because they form a syncytium, cardiac muscles can contract on their own.
B) Because they form a syncytium, muscle cells can pass an action potential along a large area of the heart wall, stimulating contraction in each muscle fiber of the syncytium.
C) Because they form a syncytium, muscle cells cannot summate contraction to produce tetanus, and thus do not fatigue.
D) Because they form a syncytium, cardiac muscle cells can pass an action potential by way of internodal bundles contracting both atrial chambers.

Question 41

The internal layer of the tissue in the heart is the epicardium.

Question 42

Which part of the QRS complex represents the repolarization of the atria?

A) Q wave
B) R wave
C) S wave
D) None of the above

Question 43

Atrial systole causes blood to:

A) leave the heart.
B) move through the semilunar valves.
C) move through the cuspid valves.
D) do both A and B.

Question 44

The period between the closure of the semilunar valve and the opening of the atrioventricular valves is called:

A) atrial systole.
B) isovolumetric ventricular contraction.
C) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation.
D) passive ventricular filling.

Question 45

A major function of the pericardial sac is protection against friction.

Question 46

Depolarization of the ventricles is:

A) clearly depicted by the QRS complex.
B) masked by the massive ventricular depolarization.
C) masked by the massive ventricular repolarization.
D) none of the above.

Question 47

Hypokalemia can cause an increase in the size of which of the following?

A) P wave
B) QRS complex
C) T wave
D) U wave

Question 48

On an ECG, the T wave represents:

A) depolarization of the atria.
B) repolarization of the atria.
C) depolarization of the ventricles.
D) repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 49

The period between the filling of the ventricles and the opening of the semilunar valves is called:

A) atrial systole.
B) isovolumetric ventricular contraction.
C) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation.
D) passive ventricular filling.

Question 50

Which of the following is true of the conduction system of the heart?

A) It is made of cardiac muscle.
B) It is made of nervous tissue.
C) It continues its contractile roll even while conducting an impulse.
D) Both A and C are true of the conduction system of the heart.

Question 51

The heart of the developing human embryo begins to beat regularly early in the fourth week after fertilization.

Question 52

Heart sounds are made by the _____ valves.

A) closing of the AV
B) closing of the semilunar
C) movement of blood through the
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 53

The QRS complex represents:

A) depolarization of the atria.
B) repolarization of the atria and depolarization of the ventricles.
C) depolarization of both the atria and ventricles.
D) repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 54

Which of the following would not cause an ectopic beat?

A) Bundle of His
B) Purkinje fibers
C) SA node
D) AV node

Question 55

Which part of the conduction system of the heart is referred to as the pacemaker?

A) Purkinje fibers
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Atrioventricular node
D) Atrioventricular bundles

Question 56

The first heart sound heard, or the "lub" sound, is caused by the _____ and the _____ valves closing.

A) ventricles contracting; AV
B) atria contracting; SL
C) atria contracting; SA
D) ventricles relaxing; AV

Question 57

The period during which blood is pumped out of the atria and into the ventricles is called:

A) atrial systole.
B) isovolumetric ventricular contraction.
C) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation.
D) passive ventricular filling.

Question 58

A cause of a heart murmur may be:

A) incomplete closing of a valve.
B) incomplete contraction of the atria.
C) narrowing of a valve (stenosis).
D) both A and C.

Question 59

The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is:

A) AV node, SA node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
B) AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, and bundle of His.
C) SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, and bundle of His.
D) SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.

Question 60

Which of the following most accurately describes what is measured by an electrocardiogram?

A) Electrical conductivity
B) Number of contractions per minute
C) The speed and strength of contractions
D) Any abnormal functioning

Question 61

The visceral pericardium adheres to the surface of the heart.

Question 62

The pericardium is able to stretch in response to the contraction and relaxation of the heart.

Question 63

Cardiac tamponade is a serious compression of the heart.

Question 64

Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction are synonymous terms.

Question 65

The bulk of the heart wall is myocardium.

Question 66

Epicardium and fibrous pericardium are two names for the same structure.

Question 67

The base of the heart is superior to the apex of the heart.

Question 68

COPD refers to death of ischemic heart muscle cells.

Question 69

The SA node resides primarily in the right atrial wall.

Question 70

The "receiving chambers" of the heart are the atria.

Question 71

The pacemaker of the heart is the SA node.

Question 72

If today is your twenty-third birthday, your heart has been beating for more than 23 years.

Question 73

Because the heart is positioned between two bony structures, CPR can be an effective, lifesaving procedure.

Question 74

As a person grows to adulthood, the heart increases in size and becomes a greater percentage of the body weight.

Question 75

The general function of both sets of valves in the heart is to prevent blood from flowing back to the chamber it just left.

Question 76

The mitral valve has three flaps.

Question 77

Anastomoses are important for providing collateral circulation.

Question 78

The value of an anastomosis is that it allows blood to bypass a blood vessel obstruction.

Question 79

The midline of the body divides the heart into equal right and left halves.

Question 80

The mitral valve has fewer flaps than the right atrioventricular valve.