Deck 30: Circulation of the Blood

Question 1

The pulse in the neck is felt over which artery?

A) Temporal
B) Common carotid
C) Esophageal
D) Vertebral

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When you take a blood pressure reading, the first sound that you hear (top reading) is the:

A) systolic sound, indicating the relaxation of the ventricles.
B) systolic sound, indicating the contraction of the ventricles.
C) diastolic reading, indicating the contraction of the atria.
D) diastolic sound, indicating the relaxation of the ventricles.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following will increase heart rate except:

A) sympathetic stimulation.
B) a decrease in aortic blood pressure.
C) a decrease in carotid blood pressure.
D) stimulation of cold receptors in the skin.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Fick formula is used for determining:

A) cardiac output.
B) blood vessel resistance.
C) mean pressure of the arteries.
D) cardiac cycle.

Question 5

The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the:

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) venules.
D) capillaries.

Question 6

A decrease in total plasma volume results from the _____ mechanism.

A) atrial natriuretic hormone
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) renin-angiotensin
D) aldosterone

Question 7

Which of the following is not a mechanism that increases blood volume and therefore venous return of blood to the heart?

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Aldosterone
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone
D) Renin-angiotensin mechanism

Question 8

Peripheral resistance is affected primarily by:

A) the length of myocardial fibers.
B) blood viscosity and the diameter of arterioles.
C) the capacity of the blood reservoirs.
D) elasticity of the heart.

Question 9

Which of the following blood vessels has the largest total cross-sectional area?

A) Capillary
B) Aorta
C) Vena cava
D) Arteriole

Question 10

Which of the following events would tend to cause a decrease in blood viscosity?

A) An increase in red blood cell count
B) Marked anemia
C) An increase in blood protein concentration
D) Both A and C

Question 11

Which artery in the arm is used for measuring blood pressure?

A) Brachial
B) Radial
C) Ulnar
D) Axillary

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding local control of arterioles?

A) Local vasodilation is also referred to as active hyperemia.
B) Nitric oxide causes vasoconstriction.
C) Endothelin causes vasodilation.
D) All of the above statements are true regarding local control of arterioles.

Question 13

The best description of pulse pressure is the:

A) pressure of blood against artery walls during ventricular systole.
B) pressure of blood against artery walls during ventricular diastole.
C) pressure of blood against artery walls during atrial systole.
D) difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures.

Question 14

Cardiac output is determined by the:

A) return of blood to the heart and the heart rate.
B) strength of contraction of the left ventricle.
C) stroke volume and heart rate.
D) systolic discharge and stroke volume.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a true statement about cardiac output?

A) It can be calculated by dividing the stroke volume by the heart rate.
B) It is the amount of blood that flows out of a ventricle per unit of time.
C) In can be computed by using Fick's Formula.
D) All of the above are true statements about cardiac output.

Question 16

Which of the following factors increases heart rate?

A) Sudden, intense pain of visceral organs such as the intestines and the gallbladder
B) Stimulation of skin receptors by cold
C) Anxiety and fear
D) Grief

Question 17

The primary fluid flow principle of circulation is based on all of the following except a fluid:

A) flows only when a pressure gradient is absent.
B) does not flow when the pressure is the same in all parts of it.
C) flows only when its pressure is higher in one area than in another.
D) flows always from its higher-pressure area toward its lower-pressure area.

Question 18

An increase in heart rate tends to increase:

A) cardiac output.
B) arterial blood volume.
C) blood pressure.
D) all of the above.

Question 19

Minute volume is equal to the:

A) central venous pressure divided by the resistance.
B) mean arterial pressure divided by the central venous pressure.
C) pressure gradient divided by the resistance.
D) difference between the mean arterial pressure and the resistance, divided by the central venous pressure.

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of the baroreceptors?

A) They are stretch receptors.
B) They are sensitive to changes in the oxygen content of the blood.
C) They send afferent nerve impulses to the cardiac control centers.
D) They are located in the carotid sinus and the aorta.

Question 21

Which of the following is not part of the vasomotor control mechanism?

A) The vasoconstrictor center in the medulla
B) Sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscles surrounding the resistance vessels
C) Sympathetic stimulation of the heart to increase cardiac output
D) All of the above are part of the vasomotor control mechanism.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Stimulation by the vagus nerve slows the heart rate.
B) Stimulation by the cardiac nerve slows the heart rate.
C) Parasympathetic stimulation occurs through the cardiac nerve.
D) Both B and C are true.

Question 23

Which of the following factors would cause fluid to be reabsorbed into the blood vessel at the venous end of the capillary?

A) High hydrostatic pressure of the blood
B) High colloid pressure of the plasma proteins
C) Hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid
D) Both B and C

Question 24

Blood in the veins of which organ is not considered part of the "blood reservoir" system?

A) Skin
B) Skeletal muscle
C) Spleen
D) Liver

Question 25

Which of the following is not a means by which venous blood is returned to the heart?

A) The semilunar valves in the vein
B) Respiration, which reduces pressure in the thorax and increases pressure in the abdomen
C) The contraction of skeletal muscles pushing blood through the veins
D) All the above are means by which venous blood returns to the heart.

Question 26

The Latin word lamina means:

A) pump
B) heart
C) layer
D) flow

Question 27

The chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies are particularly sensitive to:

A) hypercapnia.
B) hypoxia.
C) a decrease in blood pH.
D) an increase in the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood.

Question 28

Which of the following arteries is not one of the six major pressure points used to stop arterial bleeding?

A) Brachial
B) Femoral
C) Subclavian
D) Axillary

Question 29

Which of the following tasks must the circulation control mechanism accomplish?

A) Maintain circulation.
B) Vary the volume and distribution of the blood circulated.
C) Make sure that all cells receive the same amount of blood to maintain nutrient and oxygen levels.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 30

Vasomotor control mechanisms influence:

A) diameter of capillaries.
B) stroke volume.
C) cardiac output.
D) diameter of arterioles.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is not true of the cardiovascular system?

A) For the body to survive, all parts of the body must be equally supplied with blood.
B) The cardiovascular system contains much less blood than the system could hold.
C) Blood must be directed to the cells that need it most.
D) Blood must move constantly through the cardiovascular system.

Question 32

Circulatory shock caused by an acute allergic reaction is called _____ shock.

A) cardiogenic
B) hypovolemic
C) anaphylactic
D) septic

Question 33

The blood in the subclavian vein of the chest had a P1 of 15 mm Hg. For the blood to flow back to the heart, the P2 in the superior vena cava:

A) would have to be greater than 25.
B) would have to be between 15 and 25.
C) would have to be less than 15.
D) could be at any value.

Question 34

Circulatory shock caused by the effects of infectious agents is called _____ shock.

A) cardiogenic
B) hypovolemic
C) anaphylactic
D) septic

Question 35

The effect of what substance is to increase the total blood volume?

A) ADH
B) ANH
C) Aldosterone
D) Both A and C

Question 36

Peripheral resistance to blood flow comes about because of:

A) friction between the blood cells and vessel walls.
B) an increase in "arteriole runoff."
C) constriction of the veins at the end of the capillary bed.
D) both A and C.

Question 37

The pulse in the wrist is felt over which artery?

A) Radial
B) Brachial
C) Ulnar
D) Axillary

Question 38

Circulatory shock caused by a drop in the amount of blood in the circulatory system is called _____ shock.

A) cardiogenic
B) hypovolemic
C) anaphylactic
D) septic

Question 39

Which of the following factors would cause fluid to leave the blood vessel at the arterial end of the capillary?

A) High hydrostatic pressure of the blood
B) High hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid
C) High colloid pressure of the plasma proteins
D) All of the above

Question 40

A collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of the blood is the definition for:

A) baroreceptors.
B) hemodynamics.
C) minute volume.
D) the Fick law.

Question 41

An increase in blood temperature tends to slow down heart rate.

Question 42

Diastolic pressure is the force of blood pushing against artery walls when the ventricles are contracting.

Question 43

If the heart rate drops and the stroke volume increases, cardiac output will always show a decrease.

Question 44

A fluid flows because a pressure gradient exists between different parts of its volume.

Question 45

The vasomotor control mechanism regulates changes in the diameter of arteries.

Question 46

Because of the high concentration of protein in plasma, a decrease in the red blood cell count will cause an increase in blood viscosity.

Question 47

The atrial natriuretic hormone mechanism promotes water retention, thus increasing total plasma volume.

Question 48

The blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions are both important factors promoting the return of venous blood to the heart.

Question 49

In order for all the cells of the body to survive, blood supplies to all cells must be equal.

Question 50

Grief tends to make the heart beat faster.

Question 51

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance are directly proportional to arterial blood volume.

Question 52

The velocity of blood flow slows in the capillaries in association with an increase in total cross-sectional area.

Question 53

When trying to stop arterial bleeding by applying pressure, why is it necessary to apply pressure between the bleeding part and the heart?

A) Because blood flows from the heart through the arteries to the injured part, pressure placed between the heart and the bleeding point cuts off the source of blood flow to that point.
B) Because blood pressure is greater in the arteries coming from the heart, pressure placed between the heart and bleeding point reduces pressure, thus cutting off the source of blood flow to that point.
C) Because venous blood pressure changes by alternate contraction and relaxation of the atria, pressure placed between the heart and bleeding point cuts off the source of venous blood flow to that point.
D) Because arterial blood pressure changes by alternate contraction and relaxation of the atria, pressure placed between the heart and bleeding point cuts off the source of arterial blood flow to that point.

Question 54

Two important baroreceptors are located in the aorta and the carotid artery.

Question 55

Hypoxic conditions act as the major stimulant to chemoreceptors.

Question 56

The pulse wave is associated with left ventricular diastole.

Question 57

Emotional stress can influence heart rate by creating impulses that go from the cerebrum to the cardiac centers via the hypothalamus.

Question 58

Pulse is defined as the alternate expansion and recoil of an artery.

Question 59

Operation of the Starling law ensures that when the amount of blood returned to the heart is increased, stroke volume automatically increases to pump it out.

Question 60

The volume of blood circulated per minute is equal to the difference between the mean arterial pressure and the central venous pressure, divided by the resistance.

Question 61

Venous pulse is just as significant clinically as arterial pulse.

Question 62

Cardiac output is determined by multiplying stroke volume and heart rate.

Question 63

The resting cardiac output from the left ventricle is about 5 liters.

Question 64

Exercise has little effect on cardiac output.

Question 65

The pressure gradient in the ventricles exceeds the pressure in the pulmonary artery and aorta.

Question 66

The capillaries perform the transport function of the circulatory system.

Question 67

Blood viscosity is highly variable in healthy individuals under resting conditions.

Question 68

The stress-relaxation effect occurs in all blood vessels but is most important in the arteries.

Question 69

Velocity of blood is relatively constant as blood flows from the aorta toward the capillaries.

Question 70

Orthostasis means "standing upright."

Question 71

The popliteal pulse point is found on the anterior surface of the elbow.

Question 72

Parasympathetic control of the heart depends on the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX).

Question 73

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures is termed pulse pressure.

Question 74

Blood vessels can hold much more blood than is present in the body.

Question 75

Pumping load can also be referred to as preload

Question 76

In a healthy adult, blood pressure at the union of the vena cavae and right atrium is about 80 mm Hg.

Question 77

To stop arterial bleeding, pressure must be applied between the damaged artery and the heart.

Question 78

The greater the cross-sectional area of a vessel, the greater the speed of the blood flow.

Question 79

Ejection fraction has no relation to the stroke volume.

Question 80

At rest most of the body's blood supply resides in the pulmonary loop.