Deck 3: Reality and Being

Question 1

The philosophical view that a real world exists independently of our language,our thoughts,our perceptions,and our beliefs is called

A) antirealism.
B) realism.
C) pragmatism.
D) postmodernism.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What philosopher argued that reality can be explained in terms of the smallest pieces of matter he called atoms?

A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Saint Augustine
D) Democritus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The attribution of human thoughts and emotions onto the nonhuman universe is the fallacy of

A) equivocation
B) composition
C) anthropomorphism
D) wishful thinking

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Thomas Hobbes endorses

A) Libertarianism
B) Compatibilism
C) Determinism
D) Existentialism

Question 5

A.J.Ayer believed that there were only two kinds of meaningful statements:

A) Relations of ideas and statements of fact
B) Relations of ideas and tautologies
C) Empirical hypotheses and statements of fact
D) Relations of fact and statements of ideas

Question 6

Which view is the heir of pragmatism and idealism?

A) Materialism
B) Irrealism
C) Antirealism
D) Immaterialism

Question 7

Who is best known for writing of our own human being in the world,our Dasein?

A) James
B) Husserl
C) Heidegger
D) Plato

Question 8

Heidegger was influenced by which view?

A) James' pragmatism
B) Ayer's positivism
C) Husserl's phenomenology
D) Descartes' skepticism

Question 9

Who wrote the following: "Now many linguistic utterances are analogous to laughing in that they have only an expressive function,no representative function."?

A) William James
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Rudolf Carnap
D) Jacques Derrida

Question 10

Who was also known as the Lokyata?

A) The Buddhists
B) The Hindus
C) The Charvakas
D) The Augustinians

Question 11

Sartre endorses

A) Libertarianism
B) Determinism
C) LaPlacianism
D) Psychologism

Question 12

The statement,"All bachelors are unmarried." is a(n)

A) analytical statement.
B) synthetic statement.
C) meaningless statement.
D) empirical statement.

Question 13

Which pragmatist was concerned with the logical implications of ideas?

A) John Dewey
B) C. S. Pierce
C) William James
D) Elmer Sprague

Question 14

For what philosopher(s)does reality contain every possible kind of being,from the "lowest" kind of inert matter to the "highest" kind of spirit?

A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Karl Marx
C) Saint Augustine
D) Charvaka Philosophers of India

Question 15

The philosophical view that interprets an idea in terms of its practical consequences and asks what difference it would make if it were true is called

A) materialism.
B) idealism.
C) pragmatism.
D) logical positivism.

Question 16

What contemporary Canadian philosopher argues that all the things in the universe are thoughts in the mind of God?

A) John Leslie
B) John Rawls
C) Josiah Royce
D) F. H. Bradley

Question 17

The view that whatever I perceive is merely one of my perceptions or a collection of them is known as

A) Subjective idealism
B) Objective idealism
C) Subjective materialism
D) Objective materialism

Question 18

An unusual aspect of consciousness is that the objects of which one is conscious need not exist.This feature of consciousness is called

A) subjectivity.
B) intensionality.
C) spatiality.
D) awareness.

Question 19

Hobbes believed that

A) Only matter is real
B) Only spirit is real
C) The world is composed of both matter and spirit
D) The world cannot be known

Question 20

What philosopher,in his book Man a Machine,argued that humans are nothing more than complex machines?

A) Karl Marx
B) Democritus
C) Julien Offray de La Mettrie
D) Vasubandhu

Question 21

The philosophical position that holds that people have control over what they do and are free to choose to act other than the way they do is called

A) determinism.
B) existentialism.
C) libertarianism.
D) phenomenology.

Question 22

The view that there are many realities and that realities are constructed by the many languages of the cultures and subcultures is called

A) pragmatism.
B) existentialism.
C) postmodernism.
D) realism.

Question 23

Charles S.Pierce was concerned with the psychological effects of ideas.

Question 24

____________________ is the belief that reality is essentially composed of minds and their ideas.

Question 25

Husserl believed that Europe had inherited rational certainty from the Greeks.

Question 26

____________________ is the view that matter is the ultimate constituent of reality.

Question 27

Who wrote,"The aim of phenomenology is described as the study of experiences with a view to bringing out their 'essences,' their underlying reason."?

A) Hilary Putnam
B) Jean Grimshaw
C) Maurice Merleau-Ponty
D) Edmund Husserl

Question 28

Hobbes believed that there was more to the Universe than measureable mater.

Question 29

The neutrino has no mass,no electric charge,and no magnetic field.

Question 30

Dewey believed that philosophy arose out of people's struggles to deal with social and political problems.

Question 31

The Charvaka philosophers were spiritualists.

Question 32

____________________ ____________________ appeals to general statements to reach its logical conclusions.

Question 33

What French philosopher argues that the scientist's objective time is just a conceptual abstraction,a construct of the mind?

A) Henri Bergson
B) Edmund Husserl
C) Immanual Kant
D) J. J. C. Smart

Question 34

The City of God was written by ____________________.

Question 35

____________________ ____________________ is generalizing about what we observe.

Question 36

St.Augustine found it difficult to believe that spirits were real.

Question 37

Vasubandhu claimed that we directly perceive the objects in the world around us.

Question 38

The view that there are no absolute truth but that all truth is relative to groups or persons,acculturation or personal bias is called

A) phenomenology.
B) relativism.
C) pragmatism.
D) realism.

Question 39

Hobbes believed that our mental states are states of our brain.

Question 40

Newton believed that all material bodies in the universe were governed by universal laws of nature.

Question 41

Objective idealism accounts for the ____________________ of our experiences.

Question 42

____________________ is the view that reality is only one kind of thing.

Question 43

According to James,pragmatism looks towards ____________________ things.

Question 44

If everything is comprised of matter,and if all matter is governed by causal laws,it is possible that humans are free in the sense required for moral responsibility? Explain your answer.

Question 45

In what way might our language be said to create our world? Drawing on your answer to this question,what practical implications do you think it could have¾if any¾for social change? If you believe that your answer has no such implications,explain why.

Question 46

The philosophical school that contends that ____________________ is the underlying reality that appears to our consciousness is phenomenology.

Question 47

Do you believe that pragmatism is a tenable middle ground between materialism and idealism? If not,why not? If so,why do you think this? How do your answers to these questions illustrate your own views on the value and role of metaphysics in understanding the world around you?

Question 48

Do you think that our consciousness is effective in leading us to act? Do we make decisions,or do our decisions merely flow through us? Are these empirical questions,or metaphysical ones? Explain your answer.

Question 49

____________________ idealism contains elements of both objective and subjective idealism.

Question 50

Imagine that you are placed into a machine that stimulates your brain,making you think that your life is going wonderfully well,while all the time you are simply attached to an "Experience Machine" in a basement.Given that you could not tell that your life was illusory,would you choose to enter this machine,or not? Would it make a difference to you in answering this question if you learned that Berkeley's idealism was correct? Why,or why not?