Deck 7: Ethics

Question 1

What philosopher argues that sexual activities are unnatural and immoral when they deny a basic good without necessity and do so for the sake of sexual pleasure?

A) John Finnis
B) James Rachel
C) Donald Levy
D) Jeremy Bentham

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What philosopher wrote: "The business of the wise and good man is to live conforming to nature"?

A) Zeno
B) Epictetus
C) Epicurus
D) Plato

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Epictetus was a(n)

A) Stoic
B) Aristotelian
C) Epicurean
D) Platonist

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The ethical view that holds that humans should live according to nature is called

A) natural law ethics.
B) deontological ethics.
C) virtue ethics.
D) consequentialist ethics.

Question 5

Aristotle endorsed:

A) Deontological ethics
B) Virtue ethics
C) Consequentialist ethics
D) Divine command ethics

Question 6

Nel Noddings argues that

A) Care is superior to principles
B) Love is superior to rights
C) Duties are superior to caring
D) Ethics is culturally relative

Question 7

Ethics is the study of

A) Morality
B) Religion
C) Metaphysics
D) Efficacy

Question 8

What philosopher argues that sexual acts that exclude the possibility of procreation are "unnatural" and therefore morally wrong?

A) Donald Levy
B) John Finnis
C) Thomas Aquinas
D) James Rachel

Question 9

Divine command theory is a(n)____ ethical theory.

A) consequentialist
B) nonconsequentialist
C) deontological
D) utilitarian

Question 10

The view that only pleasure is worth having for its own sake is

A) Hedonism
B) Consequentialism
C) Egoism
D) Deontology

Question 11

A theory that measures the morality of an action by its consequences is a

A) Deontological theory
B) Pragmatic theory
C) Prudential theory
D) Consequentialist theory

Question 12

Which of the following philosophers was a hedonist?

A) Harry Browne
B) Plato
C) Epicurus
D) James Rachel

Question 13

What view holds that different societies or cultures have different moralities?

A) descriptive relativism
B) ethical relativism
C) rule utilitarianism
D) ethical absolutism

Question 14

Immanuel Kant said that the only thing in the world that has absolute,unqualified moral value is

A) God.
B) a good will.
C) the trait of moderation.
D) happiness.

Question 15

Richard Taylor is

A) An act utilitarian
B) A rule utilitarian
C) An act deontologist
D) A rule deontologist

Question 16

Who developed the categorical imperative?

A) Mill
B) Artistotle
C) Aquinas
D) Kant

Question 17

The utilitarian ethics of Bentham and Mill is a version of

A) deontological ethics.
B) consequentialist ethics.
C) divine command theory.
D) virtue ethics.

Question 18

Basic to the doctrines of Buddhism are the

A) Five Noble Truths
B) Four Noble Truths
C) Three Noble Commands
D) Six Noble Commands

Question 19

Which one of the following was not included in Bentham's hedonistic calculus?

A) Intensity: How strong is the pleasure?
B) Duration: How long will the pleasure last?
C) Value: Is the pleasure a lower, physical pleasure or a higher, intellectual pleasure?
D) Extent: How many people will be affected?

Question 20

The view that there is only one correct morality is

A) Ethical absolutism
B) Ethical egoism
C) Ethical relativism
D) Ethical moralism

Question 21

____________________ ____________________ denies the existence of a single,universally applicable moral standard.

Question 22

Epictetus was concerned only with appearances.

Question 23

Donald Levy believes that sexual acts that cannot result in reproduction are wrong.

Question 24

Plato discussed three active principles in each person: reason,spirit,and anger.

Question 25

Epicurus was a hedonist.

Question 26

The second version of the categorical imperative says

A) treat people as an end and never as a means only.
B) decide if the consequences of your action would make people happy.
C) ask yourself if you would want everyone to follow your example.
D) think about how you would feel if people knew what you did.

Question 27

What ancient Greek philosopher argued that friendship is a virtue and an essential component of living morally?

A) Democritus
B) Plato
C) Aristotle
D) Epicurus

Question 28

John Finnis endorses ____________________ ____________________ ethics.

Question 29

What 1973 Supreme Court case ruled that government may not make laws restricting abortions performed during the first six months of pregnancy?

A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Roe v. Wade
C) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
D) Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey

Question 30

Bentham developed a(n)____________________ calculus.

Question 31

The psychologist Carol Gilligan argued that

A) all children employ the same ethical principles.
B) children whose parents had more education had higher levels of moral development.
C) women tend to approach ethics differently from men.
D) women tend to approach ethics by focusing on being impartial.

Question 32

A consequentialist theory measures the morality of an action by its ____________________ consequences.

Question 33

Aristotle developed an early version of virtue ethics.

Question 34

Carol Gilligan believed that moral development for a woman was marked by progress towards more adequate ways of caring for herself and others.

Question 35

Epicurus was concerned with "sober thinking".

Question 36

Aquinas defended the principle of double effect.

Question 37

Bentham was a utilitarian.

Question 38

Nel Noddings' book Caring agrees with Kant that caring for others must be based on a firm sense of moral obligations and not on feelings.

Question 39

____________________ consists of the standards that an individual or a group has about what is right and wrong.

Question 40

What philosopher argues that killing an adult human being is wrong because it deprives one of a fundamental good: one's own future life with all its experiences,activities,projects,and enjoyments?

A) Jane English
B) Richard Hare
C) Immanual Kant
D) Don Marquis

Question 41

Do you believe that an Aristotelian virtue ethicist is committed to being concerned with the virtue of caring? If so,in what way would Aristotle's views need to be revised¾if at all? If not,explain why not.

Question 42

Kant's categorical imperative states that we should do something only if we are willing to have the maxim governing our action become ____________________ ____________________.

Question 43

In what ways are ethical egoism and utilitarianism similar,and in what ways are they different? Which do you believe is the more persuasive of the two theories?

Question 44

Aristotle wrote that human beings can be happy only if they fulfill their basic human ____________________.

Question 45

____________________ is allowing someone or something else to decide the moral principles that one will follow.

Question 46

Do you believe that a theory of what makes an action right should also provide an account of why we should perform right actions? If you do not,explain what you think the purpose of moral theories is,if they are not intended to motivate persons to do the right thing.If you do think that moral theories should be prescriptive in this sense,choose either (a)Kantian deontology,or (b)utilitarianism,and asses how well their achieve this end.

Question 47

Would you walk away from Omelas? If you would,do you believe that you would thereby be partially to blame for the suffering that you left behind,if you did not attempt to stop it? Or could you coherently argue that you were not so responsible,on the grounds that holding you to be responsible for it would be to endorse an aspect of an ethical view (i.e.,the lack of a distinction between acts and omissions)that you are rejecting by walking away?

Question 48

Carol Gilligan criticized the model of stages of moral development developed by ____________________.

Question 49

Aristotle argued that true ____________________ is based on two people's mutual recognition of the goodness of the other.

Question 50

Do you believe that abortion is ever morally acceptable? If so,under what circumstances? If not,why not? In both cases you must justify your views.Do your views on the morality of abortion commit you to any position on the question of whether or not it should be legal? Explain your answer here.