Deck 8: Biosocial Approaches

Question 1

Mary and Johnny allocate a good deal of their time to caring for their newborn,in what evolutionary psychologists would refer to as their _____ effort.

A) Affection
B) Mating
C) Parenting
D) Presentation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Evolutionary psychologists refer to the illegitimate acquisition of resources as:

A) Criminal.
B) Cheating.
C) Lying.
D) Unfair advancement.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The field of _____ studies the relative contributions of heredity and environment to behavioral and personality characteristics.

A) Behavior genetics
B) Evolutionary psychology
C) Neuroscience
D) Psychology

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An intelligent married couple enjoys engaging in academically-oriented activities.When this couple has children,if those children go on to be academically successful,it might best be described to be the result of a(n)_____ G/E correlation.

A) Active
B) Evocative
C) Immediate
D) Passive

Question 5

The _____ system is associated with the neurotransmitter dopamine.

A) Fight/flight
B) Reward dominance
C) Behavioral inhibition
D) Behavioral activating

Question 6

_____ refers to a number ranging from 0 to 1 indicating the extent to which variance in a trait in a population is due to genetic factors.

A) Genotype
B) Heritability
C) Phenotype
D) Synapse

Question 7

Which of the following best represents the findings regarding the relationship between genetic influences and antisocial behavior?

A) Genetic influences are not related to antisocial behavior.
B) Genetic influences are more strongly linked to juvenile antisocial behavior than adult behavior.
C) Genetic influences are more strongly linked to adult antisocial behavior than juvenile behavior.
D) Genetic influences are strongly predictive of both juvenile and adult antisocial behavior.

Question 8

The approach of _____ explores human behavior in reference to the ways that humans have changed throughout history.

A) Behavior genetics
B) Evolutionary psychology
C) Neuroscience
D) Psychology

Question 9

The idea that individuals seek and find their "niche" in society as they grow into adulthood is indicative of which type of G/E correlation?

A) Active
B) Evocative
C) Immediate
D) Passive

Question 10

_____ simply means that genotypes and the environments they find themselves in are related.

A) G/E interaction
B) G/E correlation
C) G/E relation D G/E communication

Question 11

All evolutionary theories of crime focus on _____.

A) Economic development
B) Genetic developments
C) Reproductive strategies
D) The behavior activating system

Question 12

According to neuroscience,what largely determines the patterns of our neuronal connections?

A) Experiences
B) Genetics
C) Heritability
D) Phenotype

Question 13

_____ is associated with the functioning of our fight/flight system.

A) Adrenaline
B) DNA
C) Dopamine
D) Serotonin

Question 14

In hopes of acquiring a sexual partner,Johnny spends a good deal of time getting ready for his night out.According to evolutionary psychologists,this effort would be identified as:

A) Affection effort.
B) Mating effort.
C) Parenting effort.
D) Presentation effort.

Question 15

The _____ system is associated with the neurotransmitter serotonin.

A) Fight/flight
B) Reward dominance
C) Behavioral inhibition
D) Behavioral activating

Question 16

_____ theory is a neurological theory based on the proposition that behavior is regulated by to opposing mechanisms.

A) Behavioral dominance
B) Reward dominance
C) Behavioral inhibition
D) Behavioral activating

Question 17

The reward dominance theory comes from which school of thought?

A) Behavior Genetics
B) Evolutionary Psychology
C) Neuroscience
D) Psychology

Question 18

Evolutionary psychologists have identified crime with behaviors that tend to promote the:

A) Affection effort.
B) Mating effort.
C) Parenting effort.
D) Presentation effort.

Question 19

The concept of _____ involves the notion that people are differentially sensitive to identical environmental influences and will thus respond in different ways to them.

A) G/E interaction
B) G/E correlation
C) G/E relation D G/E communication

Question 20

_____ G/E correlation refers to the way parents,siblings,teachers,peers,and others respond to the individual on the basis of his or her behavior.

A) Active
B) Evocative
C) Immediate
D) Passive

Question 21

Modern day behavior geneticists are searching for the gene that causes criminal behavior.

Question 22

According to biosocial criminologists,behavior is always the result of biological factors interacting with environmental factors.

Question 23

The neurosciences focus their attention on traits that are inherited at birth.

Question 24

The behavioral activating system is associated with the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Question 25

On the scale used by behavior geneticists to quantify the relative impact of genes versus environment,the closer the score to 1.0,the less variance there is for that trait in the population.

Question 26

Individuals who have a dominant BIS are at a greater risk for criminality.

Question 27

Biosocial criminologists tend to be strong proponents of punishment rather than treatment in our system's response to crime.

Question 28

Which of the following represents the policy implications of biosocial theories of crime?

A) The offering of pre- and post-natal care for women.
B) Monitoring infants and young children in their early years.
C) Providing pharmacological treatments.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

Genetic effects on antisocial behavior are most likely to be found among those who begin offending in their early teenage years,and desist by their mid-twenties.

Question 30

Neurotransmitters are:

A) Brain cells.
B)Chemical messengers that transport information between neural networks.
C) Individual variations in genetic traits.
D) The result of a damaged prefrontal cortex.

Question 31

The _____ provides us with knowledge about how other people see and think about us,thus moving us to adjust our behavior accordingly.

A) Behavior Activating System
B) Behavior Inhibition System
C) Prefrontal Cortex
D) Reward Dominance System

Question 32

Humans invest more in parenting effort than any other species.

Question 33

Biosocial criminologists dismiss the nature versus nurture argument in favor of the approach of "nature via nurture."

Question 34

One of the issues with biosocial studies of crime is that they are far more expensive to conduct than most social science studies.

Question 35

The findings of most behavior genetic studies are supportive of the idea that genes affect antisocial behavior.

Question 36

A person with which of the following characteristics is more likely to engage in antisocial behavior?

A) A person with a weak BAS
B) A person with a strong BIS
C) A person with a strong flight/flight system
D) A damaged prefrontal cortex

Question 37

According to evolutionary psychologists,while we all have the potential to exploit others,most of us do not because our minds have been forged by evolution to form cooperative relationships with others.

Question 38

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship of genetics to crime?

A) The relationship exists, but is always indirect.
B) The relationship exists, but is sometimes indirect.
C) There is a strong and direct relationship between genes and crime.
D) There is no known relationship between genes and crime.

Question 39

Damage to the prefrontal cortex can increase the likelihood that a person will engage in antisocial behavior.

Question 40

Active rGE refers to the active seeking of environments compatible with our genetic dispositions.

Question 41

According to evolutionary psychologists,even though cheating can be rational in some circumstances,why is it that humans so often engage in cooperation?

Question 42

Briefly explain prefrontal dysfunction theory.

Question 43

What is evolutionary psychology?

Question 44

According to neuroscience,why are the experiences of children particularly crucial?

Question 45

According to reward dominance theory,what causes crime?

Question 46

List and describe the three types of G/E correlation.Provide an example of each.

Question 47

Describe the relationship observed by evolutionary psychologists between parenting and mating efforts and criminality.How might this information guide efforts to reduce or prevent crime?

Question 48

What is G/E interaction?

Question 49

Why do behavior geneticists use twin and adoption studies?

Question 50

Compare the perspectives of evolutionary psychologists and neuroscientists.How does each perspective explain criminal behavior? Do you feel that one has more to offer in our efforts to understand crime? Support your answer.

Question 51

Compare the reward dominance theory to the prefrontal dysfunction theory.What do the two theories have in common,and how do they differ?