Deck 12: The Family and the World of Work

Question 1

According to the text,which of the following is often NOT a factor in parents' choice of daycare?

A) age of the child
B) urban versus rural residence
C) number of hours worked by the mother
D) parental preference

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the text,what do the growth and continuing existence of childcare programs depend on?

A) available money and political viewpoint
B) political viewpoint and federal legislation
C) available money and adequate facilities
D) provincial control and federal will

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Informal childcare usually includes all the following EXCEPT which one?

A) care by grandparents
B) in-home babysitter
C) licensed family care
D) care by older siblings.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In recent years,there has been an increase in professional responsibilities for Canadians.What has happened at the same time with regard to family life?

A) Positive work-to-family effects are increasing.
B) Men with young children are experiencing the most stress.
C) Mothers and fathers are experiencing less marital satisfaction.
D) There is a greater emphasis placed on quality family time.

Question 5

In recent years,there has been a 100 percent increase in days taken off work for personal and family reasons.How is over one-third of this increase spent?

A) caring for an elderly relative
B) caring for a spouse
C) caring for unmarried siblings
D) caring for children whose teachers are on strike

Question 6

In 2006,a major change to daycare across Canada occurred.What was it?

A) A universal childcare system with low daily fees was implemented.
B) New programs directed toward school readiness were implemented for three-year-olds.
C) Spending cuts enabled the federal government to more easily shape social programs.
D) Allowances for childcare were given directly to families instead of funding centres.

Question 7

Why is there is no national policy regarding daycare?

A) Daycare is a provincial matter.
B) Daycare is a municipal matter.
C) No government has wanted to set standards.
D) There has been insufficient funding to set standards.

Question 8

According to the text,which of the following was NOT a goal of the earliest daycare centres?

A) to turn children into productive members of society
B) to allow mothers to support themselves and their children
C) to provide emergency services to meet the needs of society
D) to meet the needs of working parents

Question 9

According to the text,which is NOT a factor contributing to women's experience of "time crunch"?

A) Women's jobs are typically less flexible.
B) Women are usually responsible for grocery shopping.
C) Women are responsible for daycare arrangements.
D) Women are more likely to work part time.

Question 10

Which province has shown the greatest increase in working mothers?

A) Quebec
B) Ontario
C) British Columbia
D) Nova Scotia

Question 11

Because Janus and Inez both work,they need to find daycare for their three-year-old daughter.Which problem do they likely face,along with many other parents?

A) difficulty locating informal care
B) the cost of good daycare
C) the long hours the daycare centre keeps their child
D) the love their child will develop for her caregiver

Question 12

According to the text,how does formal childcare differ from informal arrangements?

A) Formal childcare is paid care.
B) Formal childcare is subject to government regulation.
C) Formal childcare occurs outside the child's home.
D) Formal childcare is always better.

Question 13

How many mothers with school-aged children are in the paid workforce?

A) approximately three-quarters
B) approximately one-half
C) approximately two-thirds
D) approximately four-fifths

Question 14

During World War II,there was an urgent need for women in the work force.What was a result?

A) All provinces took advantage of federal funds to expand daycare services.
B) Only Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan did not take advantage of federal funding to expand daycare services.
C) There was an enormous expansion of daycare services in Ontario and Quebec.
D) Alberta reserved 75 percent of daycare spaces for children of mothers working in essential industries.

Question 15

When were day care centres established?

A) only once they were seen to benefit society
B) only once they were seen to benefit families
C) only once they were seen to benefit working mothers
D) only once they were seen to benefit children

Question 16

Why was 1995 a critical time for daycare?

A) The Chrétien government provided increased funding for daycare.
B) There was pressure from Quebec for more federal involvement in social policies.
C) The federal government announced cuts in social spending.
D) The federal government set national standards for daycare providers.

Question 17

What do individuals experience when expectations from roles at home and work become so great that one or more become difficult to manage?

A) work-life conflict
B) burnout
C) stress
D) role conflict

Question 18

Which province provides inexpensive daycare,or tax credits,to all children up to age 12?

A) Newfoundland
B) Quebec
C) Alberta
D) British Columbia

Question 19

According to the text,why might parents who work shifts,weekends,or irregular hours have difficulty with daycare?

A) Most daycare is based on a nine-to-five parental work schedule.
B) Parents want their child to sleep in his or her own bed at the regular time.
C) Not all transportation services needed to reach the centre are available at off-hours.
D) Paying for daycare at irregular hours is much more expensive.

Question 20

Christine has a four-year-old daughter and a new baby boy.She is looking for daycare for her son when she returns to work next fall and her daughter goes to school.What is she likely to discover?

A) It will be cheaper to hire a nanny in her home than to put her son in regulated childcare.
B) There are not enough spots in regulated childcare settings to meet the needs of Canadians.
C) There are not enough spots in home daycare settings to meet the needs of Canadians.
D) There are more spots available for her baby than there are for her older child.

Question 21

Which workers are LEAST likely to experience work-family interference?

A) single parents
B) mothers of children under 12
C) fathers of teenagers
D) parents of babies

Question 22

According to the text,which of the following is true of shift work?

A) It is not associated with greater risk for separation.
B) Weekend workers experience the highest levels of stress.
C) It is likely to become more common in the future.
D) It is associated with marital dissatisfaction in women.

Question 23

One study found little connection between the fact mothers had jobs and the marital satisfaction they and their husbands felt,UNLESS one of the following occurred.Which one?

A) Their husbands had traditional ideas about gender roles.
B) The mothers had children under the age of three.
C) The mothers experienced employment role confusion.
D) They had four or more children.

Question 24

In families with dual-earner couples,who is most severely time-crunched?

A) women with children at home
B) husbands with children at home
C) teenage children
D) childless couples

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a function of work?

A) It provides a status and identity.
B) It structures time.
C) It organizes leisure activities.
D) It allows for regular contact outside the family.

Question 26

Which of the following is probably NOT a response to job loss?

A) anxiety
B) anger
C) fear
D) denial

Question 27

As a result of elder care responsibilities,who is most likely to cut back on work hours?

A) sons
B) spouses
C) grandchildren
D) women

Question 28

How was work affected for men in unhappy marriages,according to one study?

A) They spent an additional six hours a week at work.
B) They had about the same level of productivity as other men.
C) They lost about 38 days a year of work time.
D) They lost less work time than women in unhappy marriages.

Question 29

How many employees experience work-to-family interference as a serious problem,according to a large study of Canadians working for big companies,governments,or institutions?

A) one in three
B) one in four
C) two in seven
D) three in five

Question 30

What affects the ease with which the family makes an adjustment to a lower income when a manager husband loses his job or has to take a lower-paying position?

A) the ability of older children to help out
B) the attitudes of family members
C) keeping up appearances
D) letting his wife worry about paying bills

Question 31

Mark and Joelle are both employed.During evenings and weekends,they try to spend quality time with their two children.Which of the following is LEAST likely to be true?

A) Mark and Joelle are happy with the quality of time with their children.
B) The parents find it difficult to know exactly what quality time is.
C) Mark and Joelle find it difficult to make quality time occur on schedule.
D) Joelle spends more time caring for their children.

Question 32

When are men are more likely to care for their children?

A) If they have children over the age of seven
B) If they work different hours from their wives.
C) If they regularly work a day shift.
D) If they have four or more children.

Question 33

What is the term for having too much to do and too little time to do it?

A) punching the time clock
B) schedule stress
C) everyday life
D) a time crunch

Question 34

What effect has technology had on housework?

A) It has reduced housework.
B) It has increased heavy work.
C) It has reduced loneliness during housework.
D) It has made it different, not less.

Question 35

For many years,Jake has supported his family as a miner.How does he probably feel now that he has been laid off?

A) He is happy to spend more time with his friends.
B) He feels a sense of failure as a person.
C) He feels a sense of freedom.
D) He welcomes the opportunity to renovate his house.

Question 36

What is the amount of time spent on housework probably NOT related to?

A) income level
B) location of grocery and hardware stores
C) personal standards of cleanliness
D) age and quality of housing

Question 37

Julie feels torn between her job and her family.She feels she can do neither of them justice.According to the text,what is she probably a victim of?

A) her own potential
B) perfectionist parents
C) too many children
D) her own expectations

Question 38

Which of the following resulted in less strain in juggling work and family roles,according to some studies of workers?

A) The workplace ran by predictable rules.
B) The workplace was family-friendly.
C) The workplace was managed by a woman.
D) The workplace was close to home.

Question 39

According to the text,which of the following social factors is MOST LIKELY to affect women today?

A) encouragement to stay at home with their children and an understanding of family problems
B) pressure to fulfill their potential and criticism that they neglect their children if they are employed
C) the belief that children are better off if both parents work and pressure to provide more income
D) the expectation they will work long hours and the belief that children are better off in daycare

Question 40

What is a common response when a husband is unemployed?

A) for his wife to increase her work hours
B) for his wife to make up most of her husband's lost earnings with her own income
C) for his wife to consider separation because he is not living up to the male "provider" role
D) for his wife to pay all the bills immediately

Question 41

Many Canadians experience stress from ____________________; that is,they have too much to do and too little time to do it in.

Question 42

Who does the virtual office or telecommuting appeal to?

A) people who want flexibility to schedule their daily work
B) people who have only a short commute to the office
C) people who find it difficult to juggle home and work
D) people who have good daycare arrangements for their children

Question 43

According to the text,what happens when an individual is overstressed?

A) He or she will probably value family life, especially time with children, for relief.
B) He or she is likely to be more understanding about the stress experienced by other family members.
C) He or she will often be irritable and angry over everyday hassles at home.
D) He or she is unlikely to put pressure on his or her children to be especially cooperative.

Question 44

According to the text,what happens when individuals are burned out?

A) They will probably be quick to use proven stress-reducing techniques.
B) They are very likely to confide all their work difficulties to their spouse.
C) They welcome recreational activities to take their minds off the stress.
D) They may be too tired to make active efforts to reduce stress.

Question 45

One of the functions of work is that it structures ____________________ through workdays,weekends,and vacations.

Question 46

Which of the following is probably NOT a result of burnout?

A) physical and emotional exhaustion
B) lack of sensitivity to others
C) loss of a zest for life
D) a greater sympathy for others' problems

Question 47

Both spouses rate a marriage as happier when _____________________ spend more time with the children.

Question 48

Changes in availability and cost of daycare affect ____________________ most.

Question 49

According to the text,what happens when an individual is under extreme stress?

A) Family relationships may become more harmonious by contrast.
B) Disagreements may escalate into serious marital conflict.
C) His or her partner is likely to take warning and avoid burnout.
D) His or her young children will probably provide long-term emotional support.

Question 50

How does job sharing differ from other part-time work?

A) Part-time work allows much more flexible hours.
B) Job sharing is a less secure form of employment.
C) In job sharing, two employees receive prorated salaries and benefits.
D) The job sharers are not considered regular employees.

Question 51

What are employed mothers,particularly,affected by?

A) conflicting values in society about family and work
B) equality between women and men in the workplace
C) agreement between institutions in the exosystem
D) marital and parental subsystems in the nuclear family

Question 52

What is a job with long workdays and three or four days off in succession?

A) a flexible workplace
B) burnout fodder
C) a compressed workweek
D) flextime

Question 53

According to the text,burnout can lead to?

A) extramarital affairs
B) job loss or job sabotage
C) children in a family fearing the demands of adult work
D) decreases in one's ability to cope with stress

Question 54

Several studies have found that the more ____________________ the workplace was,the less strain there was in juggling work and family roles.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of burnout on the family?

A) anger over everyday hassles
B) desire to be left in peace
C) a need for extra attention and understanding
D) physical exhaustion and illness

Question 56

One policy used to manage both work and family responsibilities allows full-time employees to determine when they arrive at and when they leave work,providing they work a certain number of hours.What is this policy?

A) a compressed workweek
B) telecommuting
C) time-crunch juggling
D) flextime

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT considered an alternative work arrangement to address the problem of competing work and family demands?

A) shift work
B) flextime
C) telecommuting
D) job sharing

Question 58

What is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion as a result of prolonged stress from trying to live up to impossible goals?

A) the time crunch
B) a normal weekend
C) burnout
D) madness

Question 59

____________________ is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion resulting from prolonged stress from trying to live up to impossible goals.

Question 60

According to the text,what do many individuals believe is the answer to conflicts between work and home?

A) establish daycare centres that operate round the clock
B) change norms to accommodate the needs of two-earner families
C) resolve issues arising from the effect of working fathers on children's development
D) make parents responsible for teenagers' conduct at work, school, and home

Question 61

What are common reactions to job loss?

Question 62

____________________ involves working outside the office using a computer and telecommunications technology.

Question 63

State the functions of paid employment.

Question 64

Trace the development of the daycare system in Canada.

Question 65

Define "burnout" and discuss its effect on families.

Question 66

Briefly describe the stress placed on families by social expectations.

Question 67

Mike and Holly are struggling with the demands of work and family.Discuss some options they might have for reducing stress and increasing satisfaction with family life.

Question 68

Briefly indicate the impact of technology on housework.

Question 69

An arrangement in which full-time employees can determine when they arrive at and when they leave work is referred to as ____________________.

Question 70

When looking to adapt work in order to improve family life,______________ are most likely to choose a job with reduced hours.

Question 71

Explain why there is no national policy for daycare in Canada.

Question 72

List problems shift workers experience with childcare and suggest some solutions they use to deal with these problems.

Question 73

Define "burnout" and describe its effects on the individual.

Question 74

A(n)____________________ refers to a job with long hours,in which work is concentrated into three or four days,allowing for several days in succession off work.

Question 75

Discuss the way in which work and family responsibilities affect each other.Give examples.

Question 76

Explain the difference between formal and informal childcare.

Question 77

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the four types of flexible work arrangements.

Question 78

Account for the fact that women spend more time than men in childcare and household responsibilities.