Deck 3: Image Formation and Radiographic Quality

Question 1

When the x-ray photon travels completely through the part,that activity is called:

A) acceleration.
B) attenuation.
C) transmission.
D) absorption.

Answer 1

transmission.

Question 2

The amount of x-ray beam attenuation is affected by the:

A) thickness of the body part.
B) atomic number of the atoms in the tissue.
C) tissue density.
D) energy of the x-ray beam.
E) A and B only.
F) all of the above.

Answer 2

all of the above.

Question 3

The device that receives the radiation leaving the patient is the:

A) central ray.
B) differential absorption.
C) image receptor.
D) compensating filtration.

Answer 3

image receptor.

Question 4

When the x-ray photon strikes an atom within the tissue being imaged and loses only part of its energy to an outer shell electron of that atom,the photon is said to have been _____ and undergone the _____.

A) transmitted; coherent effect
B) absorbed; photoelectric interaction
C) attenuated; photoelectric interaction
D) scattered; Compton interaction

Question 5

The outer shell electron that is ejected during the Compton interaction is also known as a:

A) photoelectron.
B) secondary electron.
C) Compton electron.
D) B and C.

Question 6

The interaction between x-ray photons and tissue that results in production of a secondary x-ray photon is the:

A) coherent interaction.
B) Compton interaction.
C) photoelectric interaction.
D) characteristic interaction.

Question 7

An increased part thickness results in:

A) increased beam attenuation.
B) decreased beam attenuation.
C) no effect on beam attenuation.

Question 8

Interactions of low-energy x-rays (energies below the diagnostic range)with tissue include:

A) pair production.
B) coherent scattering.
C) photodisintegration.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Question 9

_____ results in the process of image formation,whereby the x-ray beam interacts with the anatomic tissue,and a portion of the beam passes through the part and strikes the image receptor.

A) Transference
B) Differential absorption
C) Molecular modeling
D) Compensating filtration

Question 10

If scattered photons are absorbed within the anatomic tissue,they:

A) contribute to the radiation exposure of the patient.
B) do not contribute any useful information about the anatomic part of interest.
C) contribute useful information about the anatomic part of interest.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Question 11

When the x-ray photon strikes an atom within the tissue being imaged and loses all of its energy to an inner shell electron of that atom,the photon is said to have been _____ and undergone the _____.

A) transmitted; Compton effect
B) absorbed; photoelectric interaction
C) attenuated; Compton effect
D) scattered; coherent interaction

Question 12

The probability of total photon absorption by the photoelectric effect depends on the:

A) energy of the incoming x-ray photon.
B) energy of the ejected electron.
C) atomic number of the anatomic tissue.
D) A and C.
E) B and C.

Question 13

Interactions of high-energy x-rays (energies beyond the diagnostic range)with tissue include:

A) pair production.
B) coherent scattering.
C) photodisintegration.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Question 14

_____ is the loss of some of the energy from the x-ray beam as it passes through the tissue being imaged.

A) Compensating filtration
B) Attenuation
C) Photon transmission
D) Photoelectric scattering

Question 15

When the entering x-ray photon loses energy and changes its path of travel as a result of interacting with an atom,the interaction is known as the:

A) compensating effect.
B) photoelectric interaction.
C) characteristic effect.
D) Compton effect.

Question 16

The photoelectric effect involves the removal (ejection)of an electron.This process of removing an electron from an atom is known as:

A) attenuation.
B) transmission.
C) ionization.
D) differential absorption.

Question 17

The x-ray beam that leaves the patient in the direction of the image receptor is often referred to as:

A) primary radiation.
B) remnant radiation.
C) absorbed radiation.
D) scattered radiation.

Question 18

A body tissue with an increased tissue density results in:

A) increased beam attenuation.
B) decreased beam attenuation.
C) no effect on beam attenuation.

Question 19

The x-ray photon that is scattered as a result of the Compton effect cannot:

A) be absorbed in the tissue, resulting in additional patient exposure.
B) strike the image receptor and provide useful anatomic information.
C) strike the image receptor without providing useful information.
D) exit the patient, exposing persons near the patient.

Question 20

Unwanted exposure to the IR due to scatter radiation is called:

A) latent.
B) manifest.
C) fog.
D) cloudiness.

Question 21

Shape distortion includes:

A) magnification.
B) elongation.
C) size distortion.
D) all of the above.

Question 22

Radiographic misrepresentation of the size or shape of the anatomic structure being imaged is:

A) magnification.
B) elongation.
C) foreshortening.
D) all of the above.

Question 23

The overall blackness on the processed film image is:

A) density.
B) image contrast.
C) brightness.
D) spatial resolution.

Question 24

Beam attenuation __________ with a higher-energy x-ray beam.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) stays the same

Question 25

A radiographic image with a large number of similar densities that have small differences between them:

A) appears gray.
B) has long scale contrast.
C) has low contrast.
D) all of the above.

Question 26

The ability of an image receptor to distinguish between objects with similar subject contrast is:

A) temporal resolution.
B) spatial resolution.
C) contrast resolution.
D) none of the above.

Question 27

Subject contrast is dependent on the:

A) energy of the x-ray beam.
B) quantity of radiation used.
C) absorption characteristics of the tissue being imaged.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Question 28

The number of shades of gray that can be displayed by a computer system is:

A) scale of contrast.
B) short scale.
C) long scale.
D) gray scale.

Question 29

The quality of a radiographic image depends on:

A) brightness-visibility of anatomic structures.
B) accuracy of the recorded anatomic structural lines.
C) contrast-visibility of anatomic structures.
D) A and B.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 30

At higher kilovoltage,_____ photon interactions occur,resulting in _____ transmission.

A) more, increased
B) more, less
C) fewer, increased
D) fewer, less

Question 31

The smallest object that can be detected in an image is the:

A) temporal resolution.
B) spatial resolution.
C) contrast resolution.
D) none of the above.

Question 32

An image that has excessive brightness or insufficient density is considered:

A) diagnostic.
B) unacceptable.
C) acceptable.
D) excellent.

Question 33

The accuracy of the anatomic structural lines recorded in the radiographic image is determined by the:

A) temporal resolution.
B) spatial resolution.
C) contrast resolution.
D) none of the above.

Question 34

An increase in the amount of unsharpness recorded on the image has what effect on the visibility of anatomic structures?

A) Increased contrast of anatomic structures
B) Decreased contrast of anatomic structures
C) Increased overall visibility
D) Decreased overall visibility
E) A and C
F) B and D

Question 35

Muscle tissue absorbs more radiation than fat tissue because muscle tissue has a:

A) higher atomic number.
B) lower atomic number.
C) higher tissue density.
D) lower tissue density.

Question 36

Brightness/density is a quality related to the _____________ of the radiographic image.

A) visibility of structures
B) accuracy of structural lines
C) spatial resolution
D) B and C

Question 37

Contrast is a quality related to the _____________ of the radiographic image.

A) visibility of structures
B) accuracy of structural lines
C) spatial resolution
D) B and C

Question 38

The _____ image occurs first on the image receptor,and the _____ image occurs following proper image development/processing.

A) manifest, latent
B) invisible, latent
C) visible, manifest
D) latent, manifest

Question 39

Difference in the brightness levels or densities is:

A) density.
B) image contrast.
C) brightness.
D) spatial resolution.

Question 40

The amount of luminance of a display monitor is:

A) density.
B) image contrast.
C) brightness.
D) spatial resolution.

Question 41

A fewer amount of photons reaching the IR has what effect on the formation of the image?

A) The visibility of quantum noise is increased on the digital image.
B) The visibility of quantum noise is decreased on the digital image.
C) The visibility of quantum mottle is increased on the digital image.
D) The visibility of quantum mottle is decreased on the digital image.

Question 42

As seen on the radiographic image,scatter radiation:

A) decreases the visibility of anatomic structures.
B) increases the visibility of anatomic structures.
C) has no effect on the visibility of anatomic structures.
D) increases image contrast.

Question 43

Size distortion is affected by:
1)SID.
2)OID.
3)tube angulation.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 44

Compton interactions are more likely to occur in soft tissue as compared to bone.

Question 45

Beam attenuation is increased with a higher-energy x-ray beam.

Question 46

Which of the following artifacts are common to both film-screen and digital imaging?
1)Jewelry covering part of the anatomy being imaged
2)Fog due to scatter
3)Quantum noise/mottle

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 47

The Compton interaction can occur within all diagnostic x-ray energies.

Question 48

Spatial resolution is improved with:

A) increased pixel size.
B) increased pixel pitch.
C) increased pixel density.
D) increased pixel bit depth.

Question 49

An increase in noise on the radiographic image:

A) indicates greater quantum mottle.
B) is more likely with digital imaging than with film-screen.
C) is the result of fewer than appropriate x-ray photons reaching the IR.
D) all of the above.

Question 50

Approximately 20% of the primary x-ray beam actually reaches the image receptor.

Question 51

The photoelectric effect is dependent on both the energy of the x-ray photon and the composition of the anatomic tissue.

Question 52

During attenuation of the x-ray beam,the photoelectric effect is responsible for the total absorption of the incoming x-ray photon.

Question 53

The abdomen has low subject contrast.

Question 54

Due to ________________________,repeats are often needed with film-screen imaging,because the image is too dark or light.

A) chemical processing
B) the use of intensifying screens
C) its narrow dynamic range
D) its wide dynamic range

Question 55

As compared to digital imaging,film-screen imaging has:

A) a wider dynamic range.
B) a narrower dynamic range.
C) the same dynamic range.
D) no dynamic range.

Question 56

X-ray absorption is more likely in tissues with a lower atomic number.

Question 57

An area of increased brightness on a display monitor will show decreased density on a film image.

Question 58

An unwanted image on a radiograph is:

A) excessive image contrast.
B) the result of overexposure.
C) an artifact.
D) none of the above.

Question 59

The primary factor that affects film-screen density is the quantity of radiation reaching the IR.

Question 60

With radiographic imaging,anatomic tissues,such as bone,that absorb most of the radiation result in that area of the image being:

A) more blurred.
B) sharper.
C) darker (more density).
D) lighter (less density).

Question 61

Magnification always results in reduced recorded detail.

Question 62

Radiographic images of structures are always magnified when compared to the actual structure.

Question 63

The brightness/density and contrast of film-screen and digital manifest images can be adjusted,just in different ways.

Question 64

The highest quality radiographic image has no unsharpness.

Question 65

Shape distortion can be useful in radiographic imaging.

Question 66

Quantum noise is significantly more likely with digital imaging.

Question 67

When an image is distorted,spatial resolution is increased.

Question 68

Recorded detail is the term commonly used in digital imaging to describe the accuracy of the structural lines that make up the image.