Question 1

Which of the following is the largest salivary gland?&#10;A) sublingual&#10;B) parotid&#10;C) gastric glands&#10;D) submandibular

Accepted Answer

The parotid gland is the largest of the three pairs of major salivary glands in the body.

Question 2

What is the name of the membranous fold that connects the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?&#10;A) vestibule&#10;B) labial frenula&#10;C) lingual frenulum&#10;D) palate

Accepted Answer

The membranous fold that connects the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity is called the lingual frenulum. A is incorrect because the vestibule is the space between the lips and teeth or the cheeks and teeth. B is incorrect because the labial frenula are the small folds of tissue connecting the lips to the gums. D is incorrect because the palate is the roof of the mouth.

Question 3

What are Peyer's patches?&#10;A) goblet cells&#10;B) aggregated lymphoid nodules&#10;C) brush border&#10;D) duodenal glands

Accepted Answer

Peyer's patches are aggregated lymphoid nodules found in the small intestine, particularly in the ileum. They play a role in the immune defense of the gut.

Question 4

The stratified squamous epithelium is located within which of the following layers of the alimentary canal?&#10;A) serosa&#10;B) submucosa&#10;C) mucosa&#10;D) muscularis externa

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium is located within the mucosa layer of the alimentary canal, which is the innermost layer responsible for absorption and secretion. The other layers mentioned (serosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa) are located outside of the mucosa layer.

Question 5

The crystallization of cholesterol can lead to the development of which of the following?&#10;A) dental caries&#10;B) gallstones&#10;C) heartburn&#10;D) GERD

Accepted Answer

The crystallization of cholesterol in the gallbladder can result in the formation of gallstones. Dental caries, heartburn, and GERD are not directly related to cholesterol crystallization.

Question 6

Which organ is the only organ connected to the anterior body wall by a mesentery in the adult?&#10;A) liver&#10;B) transverse colon&#10;C) stomach&#10;D) small intestine

Accepted Answer

The liver is the only organ connected to the anterior body wall by a mesentery, known as the falciform ligament, in the adult.

Question 7

Which mesentery connects the stomach to the inferior surface of the liver?&#10;A) mesocolon&#10;B) mesentery proper&#10;C) greater omentum&#10;D) lesser omentum

Accepted Answer

The lesser omentum connects the stomach to the inferior surface of the liver. The mesocolon connects the colon to the posterior abdominal wall, the mesentery proper connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall, and the greater omentum drapes down from the greater curvature of the stomach, covers most of the abdominal organs, and attaches to the transverse colon.

Question 8

Pepsinogen is released by which of the following gastric cell types?&#10;A) mucous cells&#10;B) G cells&#10;C) chief cells&#10;D) parietal cells

Accepted Answer

Pepsinogen is released by chief cells in the stomach. Mucous cells secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining, G cells secrete gastrin to stimulate acid secretion by parietal cells, and parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid to help break down food and activate pepsinogen.

Question 9

Which is the most superior region of the stomach?&#10;A) fundic region (or fundus)&#10;B) cardiac region&#10;C) body&#10;D) pyloric region

Accepted Answer

The fundic region (or fundus) is the most superior region of the stomach because it is located above the cardiac notch and is the most expanded portion of the stomach. It is also the site where swallowed air tends to accumulate, making it the most air-filled region of the stomach. Therefore, it is considered the most superior region of the stomach.

Question 10

Which mesentery suspends the transverse and sigmoid colons from the posterior body wall?&#10;A) greater omentum&#10;B) mesocolon&#10;C) mesentery proper&#10;D) lesser omentum

Accepted Answer

The mesocolon is the mesentery that suspends the transverse and sigmoid colons from the posterior body wall. The greater omentum suspends from the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon, while the lesser omentum connects the liver to the stomach and duodenum. The mesentery proper suspends the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall.

Question 11

The falciform ligament connects which organ to the diaphragm?&#10;A) transverse colon&#10;B) ileum&#10;C) liver&#10;D) stomach

Accepted Answer

The answer of The falciform ligament connects which organ to...

Question 12

Which of the following are longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the large intestine?&#10;A) muscularis mucosae&#10;B) haustra&#10;C) taeniae coli&#10;D) fatty appendices

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are longitudinal bands...

Question 13

A patient has been identified to have a &#34;leaky&#34; ileum,which is causing inflammation and irritation of one of his mesenteries.Which of the following mesenteries is most likely to become inflamed?&#10;A) mesocolon&#10;B) mesentery proper&#10;C) lesser omentum&#10;D) greater omentum

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has been identified to have...

Question 14

Which of the following structures cause a slow spiraling movement of chyme?&#10;A) plicae circulares&#10;B) teniae coli&#10;C) rugae&#10;D) haustra

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following structures cause a...

Question 15

What is the name for the space between the lips and the gingiva?&#10;A) palate&#10;B) vestibule&#10;C) uvula&#10;D) lingual frenulum

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name for the space...

Question 16

What is the name of the juncture between the ascending and transverse colons?&#10;A) hepatic flexure&#10;B) sigmoid flexure&#10;C) cecum&#10;D) left colic flexure

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of the juncture...

Question 17

Which of the following conditions can lead to esophageal cancer if left untreated?&#10;A) heartburn&#10;B) dental caries&#10;C) GERD (gastroesophageal-reflux disease)&#10;D) gallstones

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following conditions can lead...

Question 18

What is the name of the valve that joins the small and large intestine?&#10;A) lower esophageal sphincter&#10;B) internal anal sphincter&#10;C) ileocecal valve&#10;D) pyloric sphincter

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of the valve...

Question 19

Which of the following is a retroperitoneal organ?&#10;A) jejunum&#10;B) liver&#10;C) stomach&#10;D) pancreas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a retroperitoneal...

Question 20

Which of the following cells produce proteolytic enzymes?&#10;A) hepatocytes&#10;B) pancreatic islets&#10;C) Kupffer cells&#10;D) pancreatic acinar cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following cells produce proteolytic...

Deck 27: Anatomy of the Digestive System