Deck 15: Disorders of Childhood

Question 1

Learning disabilities seem to have a biological basis.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Children who engage in repetitive movements that are not better accounted for by a physical disorder or another mental disorder are diagnoses with motor disorder.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

About 1/3 of cases of intellectual disability disorder have unknown etiology.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

More cases of intellectual disability disorder are caused by PKU than Down Syndrome.

Question 5

Most people with mental retardation are classified as moderately mentally retarded.

Question 6

Most of the behaviours exhibited in conduct disorder are illegal.

Question 7

Once an adolescent or adult no longer meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD, he or she may still experience psychosocial impairments.

Question 8

It is easier to prevent conduct disorder than to treat it.

Question 9

The best treatment for ADHD is Ritalin.

Question 10

The inattentive behaviours of ADHD are usually the first ones noticed.

Question 11

A diagnosis of specific learning disorder can refer to dyslexia or mathematics disorder.

Question 12

A new diagnosis in DSM-5 is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, also known as "the temper tantrum disorder."

Question 13

IQ scores are one piece of the diagnosis of intellectual disability disorder.

Question 14

Learning disabilities are diagnosed in DSM-5.

Question 15

Oppositional defiant disorder is a necessary precursor to conduct disorder.

Question 16

Mental health problems are the leading health problem Canadian children face after infancy.

Question 17

Medication can be effective in curing children of learning disabilities.

Question 18

Most cases of stuttering resolve by the age of 8.

Question 19

Applied behaviour analysis is a successful component of treatment for people with intellectual disability disorder.

Question 20

DSM-5 shifted away from the term intellectual disability disorder and uses the term mental retardation.

Question 21

________________ is/are the leading health problem(s)that Canadian children face after infancy.

A)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
B)Conduct disorder
C)Learning disorders
D)Mental health problems in general

Question 22

According to statistics, which of the following mental health disorders is most prevalent among Canadian children?

A)Mood disorders
B)Autism
C)Anxiety disorders
D)Communication disorders

Question 23

Separation anxiety disorder can be diagnosed at any age.

Question 24

Autism is caused by distant, uncaring parenting.

Question 25

In DSM-5, several pervasive developmental disorders all fall under the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 26

Asperger's syndrome has been found to be a distinctly different disorder than autism.

Question 27

Kutcher et al. (2010)remarked that, in Canada, mental health services for children are:

A)Adequate
B)Well coordinated
C)Inadequate
D)Almost non-existent

Question 28

How many Canadian children have clinically important disorders?

A)About 250 000
B)About 500 000
C)About 750 000
D)More than 800 000

Question 29

Cognitive-behavioural therapy is the treatment of choice for children with anxiety disorders.

Question 30

Approximately _________ Canadian children between the ages of 4 and 17 years have clinically important psychological disorders.

A)400 000
B)800 000
C)1 200 000
D)1 600 000

Question 31

Normal childhood fears (e.g., fear of the dark)is diagnosed as an anxiety disorder if the child recognizes the fear as unreasonable.

Question 32

Abnormal behaviour in children:

A)Is based upon destructiveness at any given age
B)Is developmentally determined; that is, normal behaviour at one age is abnormal at another
C)Can be reliably determined across age groups
D)Is typically associated with undercontrolled behaviour

Question 33

Twin studies support a genetic basis for autism.

Question 34

Applied behaviour analysis is the best treatment for autism.

Question 35

Infants with a difficult temperament at five months are at risk of developing anxiety and depression early in childhood.

Question 36

Antipsychotic medications are used to treat all the various symptoms of autism.

Question 37

Disorders that affect children:

A)Often carry over into adulthood
B)Are typically short-lived
C)Do not have long-lasting consequences
D)Are the most devastating mental illnesses

Question 38

Paolo is a 14 year old boy who has been experiencing symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder. If he is like most adolescents with a psychiatric disorder he will receive

A)treatment in a specialized psychiatric facility for adolescents.
B)treatment in a psychiatric facility.
C)treatment in a general hospital.
D)no treatment.

Question 39

The number of youth who experience mental health challenges are likely:

A)Over reported
B)Underreported
C)Accurately reported
D)Unknown - there are few reliable statistics for children's mental health

Question 40

You witness a child in the grocery store kicking and screaming because his mother won't buy him candy. Which of the following DSM-5 disorders would apply to the child?

A)Conduct disorder
B)Oppositional defiant disorder
C)It depends on the mother's response; if she gives in, the behaviour is probably not a disorder, but the result of poor parenting strategies.
D)It depends on the child's age.

Question 41

Children with problems of undercontrol are most likely to come to therapy:

A)When their teachers raise concerns about their academic deficits
B)When they are ready to stop bed-wetting
C)To relieve their distress
D)At the request of their distressed parents

Question 42

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was previously known as:

A)Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood
B)Inattentive disorder of childhood
C)Attention-seeking disorder
D)Severe brain dysfunction

Question 43

What findings have led researchers to postulate an illusory bias in children with ADHD?

A)ADHD boys had more positive self-evaluations of their social interactions than control participants.
B)ADHD boys had more negative evaluations of themselves in their social interactions with same age peers.
C)ADHD boys perceived control participants to be socially unskilled compared to themselves.
D)ADHD boys perceived control participants to be uninteresting.

Question 44

According to research by Pires and Jenkins (2007), which of the following strongly predicted initial drug use by adolescents?

A)Deviant peer affiliations
B)High levels of anxiety
C)Parental warmth
D)High levels of aggression

Question 45

It has been suggested by Casey and colleagues (1996)that approximately 15 - 30% of children with ADHD have a comorbid ______________.

A)mood disorder
B)anxiety disorder
C)learning disability
D)motor skills disorder

Question 46

Children labelled "hyperactive" would be diagnosed as having _________________ in DSM-5.

A)conduct disorder
B)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
C)oppositional defiant disorder
D)pervasive developmental disorder

Question 47

What have Pepler and Sedighdeilami (1998)reported about the problems of aggressive girls?

A)Their problems are very similar to the problems experienced by aggressive boys.
B)They have less academic problems than aggressive boys.
C)They have more interpersonal problems than aggressive boys.
D)Aggressive girls differ significantly from aggressive boys.

Question 48

In a study of immigrant children, Beiser, Hou, Hyman, and Tousignant (1998)found which of the following?

A)Children born in Canada had less hyperactivity.
B)Children who immigrated to Canada had more emotional disorders.
C)Children who immigrated were better adjusted than Canadian born children.
D)Children born in Canada had lower prevalence of conduct disorders.

Question 49

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)poor academic work.
B)shyness.
C)difficulty getting along with peers.
D)distractibility.

Question 50

Which theorist is credited with the idea that poor self-regulation is the primary deficit in ADHD?

A)Bettelheim
B)Feingold
C)Hinshaw
D)Douglas

Question 51

According to the Growing up in Canada report, children with difficult temperaments have parents characterized by:

A)Economic advantage
B)Greater hostility
C)Traditional parenting styles
D)Permissive parenting styles

Question 52

In the initial report "Growing Up in Canada", which is based on results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, the following was found EXCEPT:

A)Low birth weight is associated with a number of childhood health issues
B)Immigrant children have poorer adjustment than children born in Canada
C)Children with emotional and/or behavioural problems tend to have multiple problems
D)Single-mother families is related to increased physical aggression on the part of the child

Question 53

Pressure to be perfect is a significant problem for young people as rated by both youths and parents. It has also been linked to

A)schizophrenia.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)depression.
D)learning disorders.

Question 54

Isaac is six and after losing a hockey game, he came off the ice and began swearing at everyone who tried to console him. He was demonstrating:

A)overcontrolled behaviour
B)undercontrolled behaviour
C)poor sportsmanship
D)all of the above

Question 55

Which of the following researchers is known for his/her pioneering contributions in highlighting the attention deficits in hyperactive children?

A)Richard Tremblay
B)Virginia Douglas
C)David (Dan)Offord
D)Ivar Lovaas

Question 56

Research on depression in mothers by Elgar and associates (2003)at Dalhousie University found that:

A)Mothers had only a small influence on their children
B)Mothers had a strong, unidirectional impact on their children
C)Mothers and children had a strong, mutual influence on each other
D)Maternal anger is unrelated to the child's overactive, impulsive behaviour

Question 57

How did Canadian researcher Virginia Douglas first revolutionize the study and understanding of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

A)She was the first to suggest the use of Ritalin.
B)She was the first to draw attention to the phenomenon of hyperactivity.
C)She was the first to note problems with sustained attention.
D)All of the above

Question 58

Both attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder are ______

A)new to DSM-IV.
B)even more of a problem to the individual child than to people who interact with him or her.
C)disorders of overcontrol.
D)disorders of undercontrol.

Question 59

Cognitive misattributions, such as assuming that a neutral action by a peer was really meant to be aggressive, is common to individuals with ADHD; however, similar misattributions are found in some children with ________________ .

A)anxiety disorders
B)mood disorders
C)conduct disorder
D)elimination disorders

Question 60

Simon lives with his mother in low-income housing. She works when she can, but often they rely on food banks and even with that, it's rare for Simon to eat three meals a day. As Simon becomes an adolescent, what should his mother be watching for?

A)Theft
B)Conduct disorder
C)Binge eating disorder
D)Suicidal thoughts

Question 61

The major difference in diagnostic criteria for children and adults with ADHD is that:

A)Children have to have symptom onset prior to age 7; adults can have onset at any age
B)Children need to have at least six symptoms; adults need to have at least five symptoms
C)Children need to have at least five symptoms; adults need to have at least six symptoms
D)There is no difference - the same criteria are applied to children and adults

Question 62

Breslau et al. (2010)reported that increases in teacher-rated attention problems at ages 6 to 11 were followed by what type(s)of problems at ages 11 to 17?

A)Declines in academic achievement in math and reading
B)Declines in reading and social skills
C)No changes in reading and social skills
D)No changes in academic achievement in math and reading

Question 63

Although most people with childhood ADHD no longer meet criteria for ADHD by the age of 30 or 40, about _____ will experience ongoing psychological impairment (Gerlach, 2009).

A)25%
B)30%
C)50%
D)60%

Question 64

Stimulant drugs have which of the following effects on hyperactive children?

A)Increased activity level
B)Gradual improvement in academic performance
C)Short-term improvements in attention and behaviour
D)Addiction to the medication

Question 65

During which period in Canadian history did the use of Ritalin to treat ADHD increase by up to 4.5 times its previous use?

A)1970 - 1976
B)1976 - 1983
C)1983 - 1990
D)1990 - 1996

Question 66

If you knew that a child on a playground had ADHD, but you did not know which one, you:

A)Would be able to immediately pick that child out
B)Only identify that child after an outburst
C)Have difficulty distinguishing the child from all the others
D)Would observe a child playing alone, away from the group

Question 67

Epidemiological studies of boys and girls in clinical samples indicate that ADHD:

A)Is about equally common in boys and girls
B)Is more common in boys
C)Is more common in girls
D)Is more common in girls with conduct disorder but in boys with oppositional defiant disorder

Question 68

The association between nicotine and ADHD is:

A)Children's smoking can cause attentional problems.
B)Maternal smoking is related hyperactivity in offspring.
C)Nicotine in pill form reduces the side effects of Ritalin.
D)The combination of Ritalin and nicotine has been shown to cause dangerous synergistic effects in adults with ADHD.

Question 69

The brains of children with ADHD differ from normal children in that ADHD brains have:

A)Excessive dopamine activity in ADHD children
B)Subtle seizure activity in the temporal lobes of ADHD children
C)Delays in cortical maturation
D)None of the above; no differences have been found.

Question 70

What did a study conducted in Toronto by Rucklidge and Kaplan determine about the functioning of adults who had a history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

A)Although symptoms were still present, the adults had learned to adapt to them.
B)Experiencing career success was the factor that led to improved adult functioning.
C)Most adults still had social impairments and other disturbances.
D)Adult usually went on to develop comorbid Axis I disorders.

Question 71

What did Gould et al. (2009)find regarding the use of stimulants in the treatment of ADHD?

A)Stimulants are not associated with serious cardiovascular events.
B)Stimulants are associated with sudden death in children and adolescents.
C)Stimulants are not associated with sudden death in children and adolescents.
D)Stimulants are associated with increased susceptibility to subsequent substance use disorders.

Question 72

Juan is an 8 year old boy in third grade. He has been struggling with school since first grade, but this year his teacher is fed up. Even though he is a polite child, she can no longer pass him for simply trying his hardest. Juan is frequently out of his seat, misplaces his work, makes careless errors, and distracts other children. It is likely that Juan has ADHD and wasn't previously diagnosed because:

A)Children aren't usually diagnosed until third grade
B)Children are not diagnosed until the behaviours have been present for seven years
C)Juan is Hispanic
D)Juan is Caucasian

Question 73

Bettelheim's diathesis-stress theory of hyperactivity suggests:

A)Hyperactivity arises from a predisposition for the condition in environments where the parents are passive.
B)Hyperactivity is an interaction between a predisposition for the condition and authoritarian parents.
C)Children's hyperactivity are based upon unconscious drives that are manifest during times of stress.
D)Hyperactivity is pervasive and due to a biological factor that arises during stress.

Question 74

In comparing girls and boys with ADHD, Canadian researchers have shown that:

A)Girls have greater impairment on a variety of measures
B)Girls have more issues with hyperactivity
C)Boys have more issues with inattention
D)No difference were found between girls and boys with ADHD

Question 75

According to Canadian Virginia Douglas, the primary deficit in ADHD is:

A)Poor verbal skills
B)Poor executive functioning skills
C)Poor theory of mind skills
D)Poor self-regulation skills

Question 76

The difference between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)and simply being a "rambunctious kid" is that ADHD children

A)within each age group, show more extreme behaviour.
B)have subtle brain damage.
C)also have academic problems.
D)are truant.

Question 77

Investigations of the causes of ADHD have found that environmental toxins, such as food additives and lead

A)do not explain more than a small percentage of cases.
B)are usually the cause of the disorder in those children with an organic basis to their ADHD.
C)are more likely to cause attentional problems without hyperactivity, but not in those children with both attentional problems and hyperactivity.
D)cause subtle attentional problems, but not to the degree of ADHD.

Question 78

Eight-year-old Hank is extremely active and very distractible. He has particular difficulty in school, as he does not comply with the teacher's directions and has a hard time concentrating. When Hank reaches adolescence, he will probably:

A)Be in jail or juvenile hall
B)Exhibit the same behaviours that he exhibits now
C)Be less active but continue to have difficulty in school
D)Outgrow his problem

Question 79

The genetic factors that are inherited by children with ADHD are not totally known but are believed to reflect:

A)Brain function and structure
B)Neurotransmitter function and specificity
C)Appetitive and metabolic functions
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 80

When children with ADHD reach adolescence:

A)Their ADHD symptoms typically remit
B)Other psychiatric disturbances are more prominent than the ADHD
C)The severity reduces, but they continue to meet criteria for the disorder
D)Their academic performance is greatly improved