Deck 5: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

To be diagnosed with agoraphobia, a person needs to be afraid of the marketplace.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Intense fears are the same thing as phobias.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Social anxiety disorder is usually first diagnosed in childhood.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Diane has always been a worrier - she worries about anything and everything. That type of worry is the foundation of generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 5

The fear-of-fear hypothesis suggests that agoraphobia is caused by people being afraid of being afraid.

Question 6

There are over 100 known phobias.

Question 7

The most common specific phobia is fear of heights.

Question 8

Social anxiety disorder is linked with dropping out of school.

Question 9

Anxiety is mainly defined based on physiological arousal.

Question 10

Learning theories offer a good explanation for how phobias develop.

Question 11

Jamie, a 20 year old university student, has had three panic attacks in his life; he most likely has panic disorder.

Question 12

Selective mutism is a disorder of childhood usually misdiagnosed as an anxiety disorder.

Question 13

One symptom of agoraphobia is fear of loss of bladder control.

Question 14

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological disorders.

Question 15

Panic disorder can be caused by a medical condition (e.g., mitral valve prolapse).

Question 16

Fewer than 20% of university students with anxiety disorders seek treatment.

Question 17

Symptoms of a panic attack are very similar to those of a heart attack.

Question 18

Dental phobia is universally recognized as part of the blood-injury-injection phobia.

Question 19

Cognitive theories do not support the development of social anxiety disorders.

Question 20

University students can get help for mental health problems at counselling centres on campus.

Question 21

Joyce tends to be a bit skittish - she never quite feels comfortable, whether she is with others or alone. She tends to worry that something bad is going to happen, but she can't isolate a specific event. Joyce most likely experiences:

A)Anxiety
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Depression

Question 22

When Simon feels his heart racing and his muscles getting tense, he is experiencing the ________ components of anxiety.

A)cognitive
B)cardiovascular
C)behavioural
D)physiological

Question 23

Many therapies for anxiety disorders include some element of exposure.

Question 24

A study examining the prevalence of anxiety disorders in 15 countries (Seedat et al., 2009)found results similar to a 1994 Ontario provincial survey. What did the findings show?

A)Significantly more women than men suffer from anxiety disorders and the highest one year prevalence rates are found in 15-24 year old women.
B)Significantly more men than women suffer from anxiety disorders and the highest one year prevalence rates are found in 15-24 year old men.
C)Significantly more women than men suffer from anxiety disorders and the lowest one year prevalence rates are found in 15-24 year old women.
D)Significantly more men than women suffer from anxiety disorders and the lowest one year prevalence rates are found in 15-24 year old men.

Question 25

Exposure with response prevention is the "gold standard" treatment for generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 26

Somers et al. (2006)reviewed the results of 41 international epidemiological studies and found that the one-year and lifetime prevalence rates for total anxiety disorders were _____ respectively.

A)3)1% and 6.6%
B)7)4% and 14.1%
C)10.6% and 16.6%
D)11.2% and 18.2%

Question 27

Separation anxiety is:

A)Only diagnosed in children
B)Only diagnosed in adults
C)Only diagnosed in adults if they were diagnosed with it in childhood
D)Diagnosed in both adults and children

Question 28

Results from Mental Health Supplement of the Ontario Health Survey indicated that anxiety disorders were most common among:

A)Younger men
B)Younger women
C)Older men
D)Older women

Question 29

In Canada, what is the most common class of psychological disorders?

A)Mood disorders
B)Anxiety disorders
C)Anxiety and eating disorders
D)Eating and mood disorders

Question 30

Anxiety has two components:

A)Cognitive and psychological
B)Psychological and biological
C)Physiological and cognitive
D)Biological and physiological

Question 31

Regarding anxiety disorders among Canadian university students, Norton et al. (2008)found that _____ met the DSM-IV criteria for a panic attack.

A)2)1%
B)3)2%
C)4)3%
D)5)1%

Question 32

Repression is a central component of the psychoanalytic conceptualization of anxiety disorders.

Question 33

Erica is constantly pre-occupied by worry; worry is the ________________ component of anxiety.

A)physiological
B)behavioural
C)cognitive
D)main

Question 34

Separation anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder that affects:

A)Children
B)Adults
C)Children and adults
D)Separation anxiety disorder is not really an anxiety disorder - it's a normal experience of childhood

Question 35

Benzodiazepines are used to treat both anxiety and mood disorders.

Question 36

In 1994, an Ontario provincial survey found that ____ of women and ____ of men suffered from anxiety disorders in the previous year.

A)7% and 2%
B)9% and 4%
C)13% and 7%
D)16% and 9%

Question 37

Generalized anxiety disorder is likely caused by a serotonin imbalance.

Question 38

Michael has a big psychology exam coming up. Every time he sits down to study, he flashes back to what happened during his last exam; he was sweating profusely, the pencil kept slipping from his hand, and he drew blanks for several questions he knew well, which led him to believe he was going to fail. He is now worried the same thing will happen with his next exam. Michael is most likely experiencing:

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Test anxiety
C)Pre-emptive anxiety
D)A normal reaction to an upcoming exam

Question 39

A large epidemiological study conducted in the U.S. by Blanco et al. (2008)showed a one-year prevalence for anxiety disorders of _____ among university students aged 19 to 25.

A)12%
B)10%
C)6%
D)none of the above

Question 40

Anxious people are more likely than non-anxious people to perceive a threat when:

A)An actual threat is present
B)They are prompted to be alert to potential threats
C)The threat is ambiguous
D)Anxious people are no more likely to perceive threats than non-anxious people

Question 41

Sheila wants to do a research project on phobia extinction in college students. Despite putting posters up all over campus and tweeting about her project, she's having a really hard time getting participants. Why?

A)College students don't tend to have specific phobias.
B)College students don't tend to participate in research studies.
C)College students don't use Twitter.
D)College students don't tend to admit to being afraid of things.

Question 42

Whenever John, a 10-year-old boy, is allowed to go outside to play with his peers, he becomes very anxious. He usually asks instead if he can stay inside to play alone. When he is unable to stay in, he begins to cry and complains of a stomach ache. What is the most likely diagnosis for John?

A)Separation anxiety
B)School phobia
C)Depression
D)Social anxiety disorder

Question 43

Bob is a student who appears to be an extreme procrastinator but actually has a fear of writing. Bob suffers from:

A)Alphaphobia
B)Ergasiophobia
C)Agoraphobia
D)Anglophobia

Question 44

In their investigation of specific social phobias, Blote et al. (2009)stated that _____ was qualitatively and quantitatively different from other subtypes.

A)anxiety related to eating in restaurants
B)public speaking anxiety
C)attending parties
D)none of the above

Question 45

Regarding anxiety disorders among Canadian university students, Norton et al. (2008)found that 1 in 25 students met the DSM-IV criteria for _____.

A)panic attacks
B)social phobia
C)agoraphobia
D)specific phobias

Question 46

Stein and his colleagues analyzed data from the Ontario Mental Health Supplement and have reported that ________ is associated with an increased likelihood of dropping out of school.

A)agoraphobia
B)separation anxiety
C)social anxiety disorder
D)panic disorder

Question 47

Ted is fearful of most social situations, whereas Andrea is primarily fearful of giving speeches. Given this, one could infer:

A)That Ted's fear began at an earlier age
B)That Ted may be less likely to abuse alcohol
C)That Andrea has less impairment
D)That Andrea's fear began at an earlier age

Question 48

The first onset of social anxiety disorder is usually during:

A)Infancy
B)Childhood
C)Adolescence
D)Early adulthood

Question 49

An individual diagnosed with a social anxiety disorder

A)exhibits paranoid symptoms, believing others are plotting to hurt him or her.
B)is unable to speak in the presence of other people.
C)is terrified of being in public places and may become housebound.
D)becomes extremely anxious in activities done in the presence of other people.

Question 50

Regarding anxiety disorders among Canadian university students, Norton et al. (2008)found that university students who meet the DSM-IV criteria for a panic attack had experienced _____ panic attacks on average over the previous year.

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 51

Stansfeld et al. (2008)revealed that the prevalence of social anxiety disorder was higher among people who:

A)Had never married or had divorced
B)Not completed secondary education
C)Reported low quality of life
D)All of the above

Question 52

Results Mental Health Supplement of the Ontario Health Survey indicated that social anxiety disorder was positively correlated with:

A)Dropping out of school
B)Number of siblings in the home
C)Poor physical health
D)None of the above

Question 53

Pasquale is fearful of heights and flying, which has hampered his career. According to DSM-5, his condition would be diagnosed as

A)agoraphobia.
B)panic disorder.
C)specific phobia.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT an example of the blood-injection-injury subtype of specific phobias?

A)Seeing blood
B)Getting a haircut
C)Getting a tattoo
D)Going to the dentist

Question 55

Acrophobia is a fear of:

A)Water
B)Spiders
C)Heights
D)Airplanes

Question 56

The most common specific phobias in order are:

A)Animal phobias, heights, and being in closed spaces
B)Animal phobias, being in closed spaces, and flying
C)Being in closed spaces, and flying, and being in or on water
D)Being in closed spaces, being in water, and seeing blood and getting injection

Question 57

Symone doesn't go anywhere without her iPhone - she has it with her 24/7 and even bought a waterproof case so she could have it with her when she bathes. She is constantly worried that she will miss out on something if she does not have her phone with her. She is most likely experiencing:

A)Taphephobia
B)Nomophobia
C)Ergasiophobia
D)Social anxiety disorder

Question 58

Lily lives in China; she has a terrifying fear that she will die from loss of body heat, a culture-bound disorder termed:

A)Taijin kyofusho
B)Amok
C)Yin-yang
D)Pa-leng

Question 59

In Freud's analysis of the Little Hans case, Little Hans' fear of horses was seen as

A)caused by a traumatic event involving horses.
B)caused by a frightening dream about horses.
C)symbolic of his fear of his father.
D)symbolic of his fear of unicorns.

Question 60

In Freud's case of Little Hans, the boy was afraid of:

A)Spiders
B)Social interaction
C)Horses
D)Snakes

Question 61

Research by McCabe and colleagues (2003)found that _________ was associated with the development of social anxiety disorder.

A)childhood teasing
B)school failure
C)family poverty
D)smaller social networks

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a feared type of situation for an individual with social anxiety disorder?

A)Giving a speech in class
B)Sitting on a bus during rush hour
C)Going to a movie
D)Asking for directions on campus

Question 63

Which model suggests that phobias develop when a neutral stimulus is paired with a traumatic event so that escaping the stimulus becomes reinforcing?

A)Arieti's psychoanalytic theory
B)Avoidance conditioning
C)Vicarious learning
D)Autonomic lability

Question 64

Cook and Mineka's study of prepared learning and observational learning showed that monkeys:

A)Could not learn fear via observational learning
B)Will imitate a fearful reaction to a toy snake, a toy crocodile, a toy rabbit, and toy flowers
C)Will imitate a fearful reaction to a toy snake and a toy crocodile, but not to toy flowers
D)None of the above

Question 65

The etiology of phobias, according to behavioural theories, involve

A)prolonged exposure to the feared object or situation.
B)modeling.
C)classical conditioning.
D)learning.

Question 66

Teachman and Woody (2003)found that spider phobia

A)is associated with agoraphobia.
B)is associated with social fears.
C)is associated with unconscious themes of disgust and threat.
D)is associated with heightened introspection and rumination.

Question 67

Jim was bitten by a goose when he was a child. Now, as an adult when he goes to ponds where geese flock, he experiences fear and leaves. His anxiety subsides once he leaves. This illustrates the ________________ theory of phobias.

A)two-factor
B)psychoanalytic
C)learning
D)cognitive

Question 68

Rapee and Heimberg (1997)theorize that perfectionism and an attentional focus on perceived criticism combines with ________ to produce social anxiety disorder.

A)neuroticism
B)public self-consciousness
C)a negative attributional style
D)learned helplessness

Question 69

When imagining social criticism, socially anxious subjects express negative and pessimistic thoughts. This is evidence for a(n)_______________ theory of social anxiety.

A)avoidance conditioning
B)vicarious learning
C)social skills deficit
D)cognitive

Question 70

Ivan reported a traumatic history with dogs, resulting in his fear of dogs. However, Sven also reported a traumatic history with dogs, but does not have a fear of dogs. This provides support for

A)a diathesis for phobia.
B)a preparedness view of phobia.
C)a psychoanalytic theory of phobia.
D)the two-factor theory.

Question 71

"This patient has a phobia of elevators because he had a frightening experience in an elevator when he was a young child." This statement would most likely be made by a clinician from which paradigm?

A)Biological
B)Psychoanalytic
C)Humanist
D)Behavioural

Question 72

Doug was frightened by a rat coming into his bedroom when he was a child, and he now has a rat phobia. However, despite having been severely shocked by putting her finger in an electric outlet, Martha has no fear of sockets. This inconsistency is explained by the theory of

A)preparedness.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)irrational beliefs.
D)avoidance conditioning.

Question 73

After viewing tapes of monkeys apparently showing fear of snakes, lambs, and flowers, monkeys who viewed these tapes were only fearful of snakes. This provides only partial support for ________ but better support for ________.

A)modeling; classical conditioning
B)vicarious learning; avoidance learning
C)modeling; preparedness
D)preparedness; diathesis

Question 74

David Moscovitch (2009)from the University of Waterloo, Ontario, concluded that the fundamental core fear in those suffering from social anxiety disorder is:

A)Being judged harshly
B)Autonomic lability
C)The self is deficient
D)All of the above

Question 75

Cognitive theories of phobias suggest that individuals with phobias

A)attend more to negative stimuli.
B)interpret ambiguous events as neutral.
C)believe negative events will not occur again in the future.
D)none of the above choices are correct.

Question 76

The study of Little Albert's phobia of a white rat

A)demonstrated that phobias may be symbolic of underlying fears.
B)demonstrated that phobias may sometimes be learned through classical conditioning.
C)has been successfully replicated numerous times.
D)provided a successful model for the treatment of phobias in children.

Question 77

Research by Olsson and Phelps (2004)suggests that Pavlovian conditioning and observational learning

A)work independently in the development of fear responses.
B)work in combination to develop phobias when observing another person's fear response.
C)work in combination to develop phobias only when there is conscious stimulus awareness.
D)play no role in the development of phobias.

Question 78

Watson and Rayner used ________ to condition a fear of white rats in Little Albert.

A)operant conditioning
B)observational learning
C)classical conditioning
D)all of the above

Question 79

An adolescent monkey observes its mother responding fearfully to a snake. Later, the adolescent monkey responds with fear when shown a snake. This is an illustration of the _________ theory of phobia.

A)avoidance conditioning
B)psychoanalytic
C)vicarious learning
D)two-factor

Question 80

Gina has social phobia. Now, in an effort to overcome her social fear, she is awkward, frequently commits faux pas by avoiding eye contact and struggling to respond effectively when given compliments. This is an illustration of:

A)A predisposing biological factor
B)Preparedness
C)Social skills deficits in social anxiety disorder
D)Cognitive bias in social anxiety disorder