Deck 12: Substance-Related Disorders

Question 1

There is little that can be done for a child once he or she has been exposed to alcohol in utero and develops fetal alcohol syndrome.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Small doses of marijuana tend to induce hallucinations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Most alcoholics follow a similar course - they begin with social drinking and progress to severe alcoholism.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Inhalant use is particularly prominent amongst Aboriginal youth.

Question 5

The moral model views alcoholism as a personal failing.

Question 6

Many celebrities who have died of drug overdoses recently seem to have consumed several substances.

Question 7

Second-hand smoke contains more nicotine and tar than the smoke inhaled by a smoker.

Question 8

Dependence susceptibility is the idea that some people are more prone to becoming addicted to substances than others.

Question 9

While more men drink than women, the rates for hazardous drinking are equal across genders.

Question 10

Cannabis use can increase the likelihood of psychotic disorders.

Question 11

In DSM-5, substance abuse and substance dependence are combined into substance-related disorders.

Question 12

Nicotine is addictive because it stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain.

Question 13

Tolerance for alcohol is mostly determined by psychological factors.

Question 14

It is legal to possess small amounts of marijuana in Canada.

Question 15

Polysubstance abuse is used as the diagnosis if a person is using or abusing at least three drugs.

Question 16

Because students are so technology driven, computer-delivered alcohol interventions are most effective.

Question 17

Thinking of alcoholism as a disease supports research for brain mechanisms implicated in addiction.

Question 18

Smoking is more common among people who live in poverty and have less education.

Question 19

Opiates are naturally occurring painkillers; opioids are synthetic versions of opiates.

Question 20

Amphetamines were first developed to treat asthma.

Question 21

In order to recover from alcoholism, one must abstain from alcohol forever.

Question 22

Wanda drinks almost a fifth of a gin bottle a day, may remain intoxicated for two or three consecutive days, and takes Valium every night to calm her nerves and get to sleep. Her problem is referred to as

A)polydrug abuse.
B)synergistic abuse.
C)additive drug abuse.
D)substance intoxication.

Question 23

Most recent research on patterns of alcohol use suggests

A)drinking is usually heaviest on weekends.
B)that alcoholics typically alternate between binge episodes and relatively light drinking.
C)that drinking follows well-demarcated stages.
D)that there is no single pattern of alcohol abuse.

Question 24

Catherine has been unable to obtain crack for several weeks because she has had no money, and so has not taken any for the past month. She went through withdrawal symptoms when she was unable to take her usual dose. She craves the drug all the time and is constantly searching for ways to get some. Her efforts to obtain crack have seriously interfered with her ability to work and take care of her children. This has been going on for couple years. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit Catherine's symptoms?

A)Substance abuse
B)Substance use disorder
C)Addiction
D)Catherine does not qualify for a DSM-5 diagnosis since she has not used the drug for the past month.

Question 25

Becoming a regular smoker is strongly related to having family members who smoke.

Question 26

Tolerance to amphetamines takes a long time to develop.

Question 27

Which is the most serious problem?

A)Substance abuse
B)Substance dependence
C)Substance use
D)All of the above are equally serious.

Question 28

People trying to quit smoking can become dependent on nicotine replacement gum.

Question 29

Carlos suddenly stopped taking amphetamines after prolonged abuse of the drug. He became very ill and died. His death is an example of

A)substance dependence.
B)substance abuse.
C)withdrawal symptoms.
D)synergistic effects.

Question 30

Alcoholics Anonymous is the most effective treatment for alcohol dependence.

Question 31

Why is it considered particularly dangerous to abuse more than one drug at a time?

A)It may lead to taking more dangerous drugs.
B)You are more likely to become addicted.
C)The interaction of the drugs masks each others' effects.
D)The interaction of the drugs produces an especially strong reaction.

Question 32

Ecstasy is chemically similar to nutmeg.

Question 33

Substance dependence may be distinguished from substance abuse as:

A)Substance dependence is associated more with legal trouble because of usage.
B)Substance use results in not meeting major obligations.
C)Substance dependent users endanger themselves by driving while under influence.
D)Substance dependence is associated with failed attempts to reduce usage.

Question 34

It is difficult to die from a caffeine overdose.

Question 35

The two categories (i.e., substance abuse and substance dependence)were collapsed into one (i.e., substance use disorder)in DSM-5 because:

A)There is a quantitative severity distinction rather than qualitative distinction between substance dependence and abuse, so they should be on a continuum.
B)They argue that the legal problems criterion is a poor discriminator of substance problem severity.
C)The substance use disorder symptoms are best representative of moderate pathology and does not help distinguish mild and severe pathology.
D)All of the above.

Question 36

After a period of abstinence from a substance, using again is known as a relapse.

Question 37

Jose has been told that alcohol makes people aggressive and slows their reflexes. At a party, he drinks a great deal of punch that he believes to contain alcohol; in fact, the punch was non-alcoholic. Late in the evening, a stranger tries to pick a fight with Jose. Which of the following outcomes is most likely?

A)Jose ignores the stranger and walks away; since he did not actually drink alcohol, he does not become aggressive.
B)Jose gets in a fight with the stranger because he believes he has drunk alcohol.
C)Jose is asleep; he is sedated because he believes he is drunk.
D)Jose becomes more alert and aware of his heart rate.

Question 38

Alcohol myopia is the technical name for "beer goggles".

Question 39

Substance dependence is diagnosed

A)with any street drug use.
B)only when there is accompanying psychological dependence.
C)when there is drug tolerance but not necessarily withdrawal.
D)when there are subjective feelings that it is hard to quit.

Question 40

The best strategy to treat substance abuse is prevention.

Question 41

Penny is a graduate student studying brain abnormalities associated with alcoholism. She most likely ascribes to:

A)The moral model of addiction
B)The disease model of addiction
C)The idea that addiction is the result of poor coping methods
D)The idea that addiction is the result of a gene-environment interaction

Question 42

The effect of small doses of alcohol on anxiety is dependent on

A)the amount drunk.
B)the sex of the drinker.
C)the drinker's expectations.
D)whether the drinker is alcohol dependent.

Question 43

According to comparison studies on alcohol use at Canadian and American universities

A)alcohol use patterns are similar in Canadian and American universities.
B)students in both countries drink less when living at home but this protective effect was especially strong for Canadian students.
C)heavy alcohol use is higher among Canadian students.
D)more Canadians drink but heavy use is higher among American students.

Question 44

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates for alcohol dependence in the U.S. are approximately _____ and _____ respectively.

A)10%; 4%
B)12.5%; 4%
C)14.5%; 8%
D)17%; 5%

Question 45

Further analyses of the 2004 Canadian Addiction Survey by Stockwell et al. (2009)revealed that ____% of the heaviest alcohol drinkers consumed ____% of the overall alcohol consumption.

A)10; 50
B)15; 50
C)17; 55
D)20; 60

Question 46

Over the last decade in Canada, alcohol consumption:

A)Is on the rise
B)Has remained the same
C)Has decreased
D)Fluctuates year to year

Question 47

Thomas is a university student who meets criteria for alcohol and marijuana use disorders. Assuming his drug use history is consistent with the data, how old was he when he started having problems with drug use?

A)12
B)14
C)16
D)18

Question 48

Wanda drinks frequently, and now requires much more alcohol than she did six months ago to achieve the same effect. She reports that she can out-drink most people. Wanda is probably

A)genetically not predisposed to alcoholism.
B)developing a physiological dependence on alcohol.
C)acquiring behavioural skills in modulating her drinking.
D)deluding herself. This is not physically possible.

Question 49

Vogel-Sprott and her associates from the University of Waterloo have done extensive research in the area of alcohol tolerance. Her research has shown that

A)psychological factors may play a role in the development of tolerance.
B)behavioural reinforcement does not have a direct influence on tolerance.
C)physiological markers of tolerance are difficult to measure.
D)psychological factors have no influence on the development of tolerance

Question 50

The condition known as delirium tremens is due to:

A)A sudden drop in alcohol levels in a chronic heavy drinker.
B)High doses of alcohol in a person who has not previously drunk heavily.
C)High doses of alcohol in a chronic heavy drinker.
D)All of the above can cause the symptoms of delirium tremens.

Question 51

According to Thomas et al. (2009), over the last decade in British Columbia, alcohol consumption:

A)Has stabilized
B)Has doubled
C)Has decreased
D)Fluctuates year to year

Question 52

What percentage of Canadians who are alcohol drinkers engage in hazardous drinking (e.g., drinking and driving)?

A)10%
B)12.5%
C)14.5%
D)17%

Question 53

Drinking hair tonic is an indication of

A)pica.
B)eating disorder.
C)alcohol dependence.
D)psychological factors affecting a medical condition.

Question 54

The condition known as delirium tremens refers to:

A)A symptom of conversion disorder.
B)The symptoms that accompany an overdose of heroin.
C)The symptoms that may accompany withdrawal from alcohol.
D)The hallucinations common in schizophrenia.

Question 55

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in alcohol tolerance but not in depression?

A)Serotonin
B)Dopamine
C)Norepinephrine
D)GABA

Question 56

Which of the following have been found to be comorbid with problem drinking?

A)Bulimia
B)Schizophrenia
C)Suicide
D)Learning disabilities

Question 57

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates for alcohol abuse in the U.S. are approximately _____ and _____ respectively.

A)11%; 5%
B)15%; 6%
C)18%; 5%
D)20%; 8%

Question 58

Students tend to view addiction through the lens of:

A)The disease model
B)The moral model
C)A maladaptive coping response
D)A normative response to stress

Question 59

The prototypical heavy drinker in Canada is best represented by which of the following?

A)Mark, a single 25-year-old bank manager
B)Fred, a married 25-year-old store clerk
C)Bill, a single 45-year-old professor
D)Mike, a married 45-year-old construction worker

Question 60

The most recent research on the role of alcohol consumption and cancer risk found that

A)light drinking can be a protective factor against all cancers.
B)light drinking can be a protective factor against breast cancer only.
C)drinking is a risk factor for developing cancer.
D)there is no association between drinking and cancer risk.

Question 61

According to the Canadian division of Mothers Against Drunk Driving, on average, drunk drivers kill approximately ____ people and injure ______ people in Canada every day.

A)1; 25
B)2)5; 59
C)3; 92
D)4; 187

Question 62

As compared to men, women who are alcoholics tend to:

A)Start drinking earlier in life
B)Start drinking later in life
C)Drink out of boredom
D)Binge drink

Question 63

One way that universities are trying to curb binge drinking is to

A)require students to sign non-drinking pledges.
B)restrict on-campus drinking to on-campus bars.
C)banning alcohol at undergraduate parties.
D)All of the above.

Question 64

Alcohol goes into the __________ and is absorbed into the blood, after which it is metabolized by the __________.

A)small intestine; kidneys
B)small intestine; liver
C)stomach; liver
D)stomach; kidneys

Question 65

According to a study by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (2007), the prototypical drinking driver in Canada is:

A)Male, between 18-24, who drinks regularly
B)Female, between 25-34, is a social drinker who occasionally drinks heavily
C)Male, between 25-34, is a social drinker who occasionally drinks heavily
D)Female, between 18-24, who drinks large amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

Question 66

The 2009 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey (Paglia-Boak et al., 2009)revealed that approximately _____ of students in grades 7 to 12 acknowledged binge drinking over the last month.

A)15%
B)25%
C)35%
D)45%

Question 67

Stewart, Boase, and Lamble (2000)examined 100 Canadian drivers with alcohol-related driving offences and found that:

A)The alcohol-related offense was an isolated incident
B)Almost half had a history of charges for such things as robbery, assault, and narcotic offences
C)Most had above average IQs
D)None of the above

Question 68

Binge drinking is defined for men as having _____ in a row and for women as having _____ in a row.

A)3;2
B)5;4
C)7;6
D)9;8

Question 69

In both Canadian and American universities, students who had their first drink prior to the age of ____ were more likely to become heavy drinkers in college.

A)12
B)14
C)16
D)18

Question 70

What percentage of college-age men in the U.S. engage in binge drinking (5 drinks in a row)?

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)80%

Question 71

Alcohol acts as a _________________ on the central nervous system.

A)stimulant
B)narcotic
C)depressant
D)hallucinogen

Question 72

Binge drinking is defined for men as having:

A)3 drinks in a row
B)5 drinks in a row
C)7 drinks in a row
D)9 drinks in a row

Question 73

According to comprehensive reviews, which drug has the most evidence for a direct link between intoxication and violence?

A)Alcohol
B)Marijuana
C)Heroin
D)Cocaine

Question 74

Alan Marlatt's intervention for heavy drinking

A)is a moderation approach that has been found to reduce drinking rates and harmful consequences thereof.
B)is a moderation approach that has been found to reduce drinking rates slightly but not the harmful consequences thereof.
C)is an abstinence-based approach that has been very successful at reducing drinking rates of heavy drinkers.
D)is an abstinence-based approach that has been somewhat successful at reducing drinking rates and the harmful consequences thereof.

Question 75

The initial effect of alcohol is stimulating, but as the blood alcohol level peaks and begins to decline, alcohol acts as a depressant. This process is referred to as:

A)Polydrug effect
B)Bisomatic effect
C)Mood reversal effect
D)Biphasic effect

Question 76

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to the cognitive effects of alcohol intoxication?

A)Inhibition of dopamine receptors
B)Inhibition of glutamate receptors
C)Activation of serotonin receptors
D)Deactivation of norepinephrine receptors

Question 77

The initial effect of alcohol is

A)depressive.
B)sedating.
C)anxiety producing.
D)stimulating.

Question 78

Alcohol abusers tend to:

A)Progress linearly from social drinking to becoming alcohol dependent
B)Drink heavily only on weekends and moderately during the week
C)Become heavy drinkers soon after starting to drink
D)Be quite variable in their drinking history and progression

Question 79

As a group, alcoholics

A)have twice the medical expenses of non-drinkers.
B)have a higher rate of suicide.
C)constitute a large proportion of mental and general hospital admissions.
D)All of the above choices are correct.

Question 80

One difficulty with doing research on the impact of stopping binge drinking has been

A)finding enough participants on college campuses who binge drink.
B)finding enough participants on college campuses who stop binge drinking.
C)finding enough participants on college campuses who are willing to participate in research on drinking.
D)achieving gender balance in these studies as women binge drink more frequently than men.