Deck 14: Sexual Disorders and Gender Dysphoria

Question 1

People who have experienced child sexual abuse are more likely to be a victim of sexual abuse in adulthood.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Most pedophiles seek to hurt the children they molest.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A person can be considered a pedophile if s/he offends against a postpubescent child who is under the age of consent and at least five years younger than the offender.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Gender identity disorder is also referred to as transvestic fetishism.

Question 5

People with gender identity disorder are typically homosexual.

Question 6

One consequence of childhood sexual abuse could be dropping out of college.

Question 7

Exhibitionists often see sexual interest in benign interactions with women.

Question 8

Pedophiles do not have to have sexual contact with a child to warrant the diagnosis.

Question 9

When a person has a fetish, the fetish object is often required for sexual arousal.

Question 10

Women elect to have sex-reassignment surgery more often than men.

Question 11

In DSM-5, if a person with a paraphilia does not experience distress but causes harm to another person is considered a paraphilic disorder.

Question 12

If a sadist and a masochist are in a sexual relationship together, both are diagnosed with their respective disorders.

Question 13

Because people with paraphilias often break the law, we have good statistics on the prevalence rate.

Question 14

Most people with gender identity disorder who undergo sex-reassignment surgery do not have regrets about having the surgery.

Question 15

People with voyeurism are often arrested for peeping.

Question 16

Gender identity disorder is also referred to as transsexualism.

Question 17

All people with transvestic disorder are easily identified because they cross-dress in public.

Question 18

Sexual fantasies are usually an indication of dysfunction.

Question 19

Brother-sister incest is the most common form of incest.

Question 20

PTSD can result from child sexual abuse.

Question 21

Premature ejaculation is the most common male sexual dysfunction.

Question 22

Surgical implantation of a silicone rod essentially cures sexual problems in men.

Question 23

Kirk recalls playing dress up as a child, often wearing girl's clothing. In fact, his family albums are filled with cute photos of Kirk in dresses and high heels. Kirk's relatives found this to be very endearing and reinforced his behaviour. What disorder is Kirk most likely to have as an adult?

A)Fetishism
B)Transvestic Fetishism
C)Pedophilia
D)Gender Dysphoria

Question 24

Jim enjoys wearing women's clothing, but only when he is certain no one will discover his behaviour. In order to meet criteria for gender dysphoria, he would also have to

A)experience sexual gratification from his behaviour.
B)feel that he is actually enacting a behaviour consistent with his inner gender.
C)seek other men who enjoy dressing as women.
D)All of the above would allow Jim to meet criteria for gender dysphoria.

Question 25

Gender identity disorder:

A)Is the most severe sexual disorder
B)Is very common in childhood
C)Is more common in homosexual people
D)Is not a diagnosis in DSM-5

Question 26

Sexual dysfunctions can occur at any stage of the human sexual response cycle.

Question 27

Male erectile disorder is the most common male sexual dysfunction.

Question 28

The label "transsexualism" is most appropriate for which of the following?

A)Claudette feels, inside herself, that she is really a male.
B)Bob is sexually aroused by dressing in female clothing.
C)Toni has both male and female sex organs.
D)Bradley, age six, acts and plays like a girl.

Question 29

How we define sexual dysfunctions varies according to time and place.

Question 30

Coleen is in the process of transitioning from male to female. She has been taking estrogen, has had some cosmetic surgery done, and easily passes as a woman when she is in public. Her friends and family are supportive of her transition and she has recently begun dating someone. She likely experiences:

A)Suicidal thoughts
B)Social oppression
C)High self-esteem
D)Depression

Question 31

Rape is most common amongst strangers.

Question 32

Treatment for rape victims is similar to treatment for PTSD.

Question 33

Masters and Johnson were the first researchers to examine human sexuality.

Question 34

Our current cultural practice is to

A)have people who identify as transgender attend therapy for years before transitioning.
B)use therapy to help transgender individuals be at peace with their biological sex.
C)provide sex-reassignment surgery to all who request it.
D)allow transgender individuals to transition as they wish.

Question 35

Gender Identity Disorders almost always begins in:

A)Childhood
B)Adolescence
C)Early adulthood
D)Middle age

Question 36

Female orgasmic disorder is sexual dysfunction most likely to being a woman to therapy.

Question 37

Gender identity disorder (GID)in childhood has been linked with

A)insecure attachment patterns.
B)social phobia.
C)separation anxiety disorder.
D)authoritarian parenting styles.

Question 38

Couples experiencing sexual dysfunction often also have interpersonal problems.

Question 39

Transsexuals are people who:

A)Are attracted to members of the same sex
B)Dress in the clothing of the opposite sex for sexual gratification
C)Prefer the company of people of the opposite sex
D)Identify themselves as members of the opposite sex

Question 40

The sense of being either male or female is referred to as:

A)Sexual orientation
B)Sex role stereotype
C)Gender identity
D)Oedipal identification

Question 41

A component of psychotherapy prior to sex-reassignment surgery involves:

A)Discouraging the patient from seeking surgery, to ensure that they are serious.
B)Focusing on options that may have been overlooked (e.g., removing facial hair).
C)Training in proper opposite sex behaviour before surgery.
D)Examining underlying causes of opposite gender identity.

Question 42

A Canadian study found that ______ of men reported voyeuristic fantasies of peeping at unsuspecting naked women.

A)<1%
B)15%
C)50%
D)80%

Question 43

A person with gender identity disorder is attracted to people

A)From the same sex.
B)From the opposite sex
C)From the same or opposite sex.
D)With the same sexual orientation.

Question 44

Tyler has recently undergone successful and satisfactory sex reassignment surgery to complete his transformation from the female body he was born with (as Tamara). How should he be diagnosed, according to DSM-5?

A)Gender dysphoria
B)Gender identity disorder
C)Post-surgical transsexual
D)No diagnosis, as he is not distressed or impaired

Question 45

Research on sex-reassignment surgery in gender identity disorder (GID)has found that:

A)There is generally an extended period of post-operative regret
B)Male to female transsexuals have greater success than female to male transsexuals
C)Success depends on emotional stability, among other preoperative factors
D)Psychotherapy does not provide additional benefits to the patients above and beyond the surgery itself

Question 46

According to a study by Hanson and Harris (1997), what percentage of Canadian men report voyeuristic fantasies of peeping at naked women?

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 47

In sex-reassignment surgery:

A)Opposite-sex genitals are constructed and hormones are taken.
B)Genital transplants are inserted from donors.
C)Hormones are taken but genitals are left intact.
D)Secondary features (e.g., Adam's apple, chin, nose)are altered, but genitals are left intact.

Question 48

A case study by Bradley, Oliver, Chernick, and Zucker (1998)describes a Canadian boy whose penis was sloughed off as a result of a burn during infancy and whose gender identity was reassigned as a girl. Long-term follow-up of this case showed

A)conclusive support of the Nurture hypothesis, with no trace of male identity.
B)conclusive support for the Nature Hypothesis: this individual eventually discovered the truth and lived as a man.
C)a female gender identity was present despite several masculine tendencies.
D)a male gender identity was present but remnants of the female gender identity were evident.

Question 49

Research has found that when mothers take sex hormones during pregnancy

A)their children behave more like members of the opposite sex.
B)children develop irreversible neural abnormalities.
C)children develop anatomical abnormalities, but no behavioural or psychological changes have been noted.
D)their children show reduced cross-gender interests.

Question 50

Why did some researchers push for gender identity disorder should be removed from the DSM?

A)Because it does not have diagnostic reliability
B)Because it tends to resolve without treatment
C)Because many children with GID are not distressed about their biological sex
D)Because it has not been sufficiently studied

Question 51

Fetishists are sexually aroused by

A)inanimate objects.
B)exposing themselves to people while masturbating.
C)observing other people engaging in sexual activity.
D)children.

Question 52

Imperato-McGinley and colleagues (1974)conducted a study in the Dominican Republic on a group of participants who were unable to produce a hormone that shapes the penis and scrotum during fetal development. Follow up data revealed that:

A)The sexual organs never fully developed, and 15 of the 18 boys were diagnosed with gender identity disorder (GID)
B)During puberty, testosterone levels changed the temperament of many boys but no physiological changes were noted
C)After puberty, only 25% of the boys retained their diagnosis of gender identity disorder (GID)
D)During puberty the sex organs developed, leading to 17 of the 18 boys developing a male gender identity

Question 53

The case of John/Joan illustrates:

A)That gender identity is primarily learned from the environment.
B)Gender confusion is the net result of being raised as though one were a member of the opposite gender.
C)Gender identity appears largely biologically based.
D)That masculine attributes are internalized, while feminine attributes are externalized.

Question 54

The John/Joan case described by Colapinto illustrated that gender identity is determined by:

A)The environment alone
B)Biology alone
C)The interaction of the environment and biology
D)Prevailing community values

Question 55

Harry finds women's clothing, particularly undergarments, sexually arousing. He especially enjoys watching his girlfriend undress. Which of the following diagnoses would fit Harry's case?

A)Fetishism
B)Transvestic fetishism
C)Voyeurism
D)None of the above

Question 56

What has the DSM-5 changed regarding the diagnosis of Gender identity Disorder?

A)Changed the term to Gender Incongruence
B)Changed the term to Gender Dysphoria
C)Removed the diagnosis entirely
D)Moved the diagnosis to Axis II

Question 57

Seven-year-old Matthew has begun playing with dolls. Considering what is known about the causes of gender identity disorder in childhood, his parents should

A)seek professional help for Matthew.
B)quietly remove the dolls and begin encouraging more appropriate activities.
C)begin setting stricter limits on Matthew's behaviour generally.
D)do nothing.

Question 58

In the Green and Fleming (1990)review, which of the following factors was not found to predict successful adjustment following sex-reassignment surgery?

A)High expectations for the surgery
B)Emotional stability
C)Psychotherapy in the context of a gender identity program
D)All of the above choices are correct.

Question 59

John would like to have sex-reassignment surgery. Before undergoing treatment, John must

A)take a personality test to ensure that he is suitable.
B)undergo six to twelve months of living as the desired gender and take part in psychotherapy.
C)receive counseling regarding the desirable aspects of his birth gender.
D)visit a properly trained physician.

Question 60

The "para" in paraphilia refers to:

A)Discomfort
B)Deviation
C)Autoerotic
D)Solitary

Question 61

Which of the following is true about the prevalence of pedophilia (Seto, 2009)?

A)It occurs equally in women and men, but men receive more media attention
B)It is rarely comorbid with mood and anxiety disorders
C)It is defined exclusively in heterosexual contacts
D)Is increasingly associated with Internet use

Question 62

Which of the following was reported by Marshall, Barbaree and Christophe (1986)with regard to incest and non-incest child abusers?

A)Incest offenders show more arousal to adult heterosexual stimuli.
B)Incest offenders show more arousal to photographs of nude children.
C)Incest offenders have lower levels of sexual arousal to stimuli in general.
D)Incest offenders become more aroused to all presented stimuli.

Question 63

What differentiates a transvestite from someone who has GID?

A)Transvestites only cross-dress in private
B)People with GID want surgery while transvestites are happy with their sex.
C)Nothing, they are the same
D)Transvestites derive sexual pleasure from cross-dressing

Question 64

In a study in Quebec, Cyr and colleagues found that __________ incest was associated with a higher frequency of sexual penetration.

A)father-daughter
B)son-mother
C)brother-sister
D)father-son

Question 65

A Canadian study by Seto et al. (2006)found that _____ is a stronger diagnostic indicator of pedophilia than is an actual history of sexually offending against child victims.

A)a child pornography offence
B)a chronic, overaroused state
C)a history of homosexuality
D)none of the above

Question 66

Ray Blanchard at the Clarke Institute in Toronto coined the term autogynephilia which refers to a man's tendency to become sexually aroused at the thought of or image of:

A)Himself as a woman
B)Himself having sex with an inanimate object
C)Himself as a child
D)Himself having sex with multiple women simultaneously

Question 67

The internet has made it easier for people to access child pornography but has also led to:

A)Finding the child victims and offering them help
B)Charging the parents of the children with neglect
C)Finding large networks of users and arresting them
D)All of the above

Question 68

In comparison to offline offenders, on-line offenders:

A)Have greater sexual deviancy and greater self-control
B)Have greater sexual deviancy and less self-control
C)Have less sexual deviancy and less self-control
D)Have less sexual deviancy and greater self-control

Question 69

What factor has University of Ottawa researcher Firestone found to distinguish homicidal from non-homicidal child molesters?

A)They show a greater response to descriptions of assault on children.
B)They most often do not know the child they are assaulting.
C)They are often younger and less experienced.
D)They show a greater tendency to also be involved in the rape of adult victims.

Question 70

The extent of the cover-up of pedophiles in the Catholic Church in Boston was the subject of the movie:

A)The Last Crusader
B)Spotlight
C)Children of a Lesser God
D)Church and State

Question 71

Why has convicted New Brunswick pedophile Karl Toft, found guilty of committing over 30 acts of sexual assault involving children, buggery, and bestiality, repeatedly been denied parole?

A)He has failed to express empathy for his victims.
B)The parole board believes he lacks an internal control mechanism.
C)He has refused to take medication as a form of treatment.
D)All of the above.

Question 72

The incest taboo

A)is limited to Western societies.
B)appears to serve evolutionary significance.
C)produces guilt in the assailant.
D)generalizes to pedophilic urges.

Question 73

In 2004, Michael Briere was convicted and sentenced for the brutal murder of Holly Jones in Toronto. His fantasy of having sex with a young child was fuelled by:

A)The child abuse he experienced as a boy
B)Frequent access to children as part of his job
C)Ready access to child pornography on the internet
D)His tendency to experience bouts of psychotic depression

Question 74

An analysis by Marshall at Queen's University revealed that pedophiles tend to prefer:

A)Pre-pubescent children
B)Pre-pubescent boys
C)Both pre- and post-pubescent children
D)Post-pubescent girls

Question 75

According to a Canadian study by Seto and colleagues (2006), the strongest predictor of pedophilia is:

A)A history of child pornography offences
B)A history of previous sexual offences against child victims
C)Female gender
D)A history of conduct disorder

Question 76

Ben can only become sexually aroused when he is wearing women's clothing. He especially enjoys having sexual relations with his wife while he is wearing her garments. Which of the following diagnoses would fit Ben's case?

A)Transvestism
B)Transsexualism
C)Voyeurism
D)Exhibitionism

Question 77

Ray Blanchard of the Clarke Institute in Toronto coined the term "autogynephilia" to refer to which of the following symptoms in men?

A)Assuming a spectator role in their sexual encounters
B)A chronic, overaroused state
C)Disgust with one's own sexual functions
D)Sexual arousal at the thought of being a woman

Question 78

Someone who derives sexual pleasure from contact with prepubescent children is a(n)

A)fetishist.
B)exhibitionist.
C)pedophile.
D)person with gender identity disorder of childhood.

Question 79

Historically, the taboo against incest did not apply in:

A)Constantinople
B)Ancient Rome
C)Ancient Egypt
D)Mesopotamia

Question 80

An altar boy in __________ reported being abused which led to the identification of 34 victims of pedophilia.

A)Antigonish, NS
B)St. John's, NL
C)Cornwall, ON
D)Chatham, ON