Deck 11: Fresh Water of the Continents

Question 1

Which of the following is true of a karst landscape?

A)carbonate bedrock is present
B)sinkholes are common
C)ground water travels through cave systems
D)none of these
E)all of these

Answer 1

E

Question 2

According to the figure below, South America has very small amount of __________ drainage along its western coast.

A)Atlantic
B)Pacific
C)Interior
D)Gulf of Mexico
E)none of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A(n)__________ occurs in an area where the ground water is heated by hot rock near the surface which can force the ground water to flow out under pressure.

A)aquifer
B)aquiclude
C)oxbow lake
D)geyser
E)ocean

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to the figure below, the Ohio River eventually drains into what body of water?

A)Atlantic
B)Pacific
C)Interior
D)Gulf of Mexico
E)none of the above

Question 5

The feature pictured below is formed as a result of subsurface dissolution of limestone rock which can weaken the overlying material and cause it to collapse. These resulting features are called:

A)caves
B)sinkholes
C)aquifers
D)geysers
E)artesian wells

Question 6

Water from precipitation sinks into the soil and flows downward through the soil-water belt under the force of gravity is a process called __________.

A)permeability
B)porosity
C)recharge
D)infiltration
E)percolation

Question 7

The drainage pattern that has a pattern that looks like a branching tree is called:

A)dendritic
B)trellis
C)annular
D)radial

Question 8

Perfect symmetrical cone type volcanoes would have what type of drainage pattern?

A)dendritic
B)trellis
C)annular
D)radial

Question 9

Subsurface water contained in pore spaces in regolith and bedrock is known as __________.

A)water table
B)ground water
C)aquifer
D)aquiclude
E)transpiration

Question 10

The drainage pattern that you would find along a dome shape rock would be:

A)dendritic
B)trellis
C)annular
D)radial

Question 11

Precipitation that does not evapotranspirate or infiltrate once it hits the ground surface contributes to:

A)ground water recharge
B)surface water runoff
C)aquifer development
D)clouds formation
E)none of these

Question 12

In moist climates, __________ tends to dissolve limestone near the surface, resulting in cave formation.

A)hydrochloric acid
B)citric acid
C)carbonic acid
D)phosphoric acid
E)none of these

Question 13

According to the figure below, how many total internally drained basins are represented.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 14

The process in which water changes from a liquid to a vapor is known as __________.

A)transpiration
B)evaporation
C)compaction
D)condensation
E)infiltration

Question 15

The ridge and valley system of Appalachia which has parallel hills and valleys would have which type of drainage pattern?

A)dendritic
B)trellis
C)annular
D)radial

Question 16

Late summertime base flow in a stream is typically maintained by:

A)rainfall
B)snowmelt
C)groundwater discharge
D)evaporation
E)high tide

Question 17

Which of the following conditions would be most consistent with the characteristics of a good aquifer?

A)high porosity and high permeability
B)high porosity and low permeability
C)low porosity and high permeability
D)low porosity and low permeability
E)not enough information to determine

Question 18

___________ occurs when plants intercept water and release it back into the atmosphere.

A)transpiration
B)evaporation
C)compaction
D)condensation
E)infiltration

Question 19

A body of rock or regolith that is water-saturated, porous, and permeable is known as a(n)__________.

A)aquiclude
B)aquifer
C)aquitard
D)oxbow lake
E)spring

Question 20

According to the figure below, which of the following rivers are tributaries to the Mississippi?

A)Ohio River
B)Missouri River
C)Columbia River
D)all of the above
E)A & B only

Question 21

In the figure below, the Mississippi River discharge is greatest near the mouth.

Question 22

A ____________ will typically develop around a well when the rate of pumping exceeds the rate of recharge.

A)zone of saturation
B)rising water table
C)spring
D)cone of depression
E)surplus of water

Question 23

The water table is at the top of the __________.

A)zone of saturation
B)zone of aeration
C)zone of recharge
D)zone of discharge
E)none of these

Question 24

Which of the following variables influences the discharge of a stream?

A)gradient
B)drainage area
C)rainfall
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 25

The figure below was formed by what part of the water cycle.

A)oceans
B)atmosphere
C)ground water
D)ice
E)streams

Question 26

The flat areas adjacent to the edges of a stream channel where agricultural crops are often developed are referred to as:

A)floodplains
B)levees
C)flash floods
D)meander bends
E)lakes

Question 27

In arid landscapes, lakes are often internally drained, and as a result of ____________, leave behind accumulations of salts.

A)excess rainfall
B)groundwater discharge
C)infiltration
D)evaporation
E)tidal changes

Question 28

The replenishment of groundwater is known as __________.

A)discharge
B)recharge
C)runoff
D)eutrophication
E)porosity

Question 29

A subsurface rock layer that is composed of clay and represents a barrier to flow would be described as a(n):

A)aquiclude
B)aquifer
C)geyser
D)oxbow lake
E)spring

Question 30

The spring of 2011 saw epic flooding along which river? Damage estimates for the total economic cost ranged as high as $7-9 billion making this one of the worst floods to occur in the past 100 years.

A)Columbia
B)Ohio
C)Mississippi
D)Missouri

Question 31

The process that separates fresh water from sea water, offers an additional source of fresh water in locations lacking sufficient precipitation is known as:

A)desalination
B)eutrophication
C)ground water extraction
D)none of the above

Question 32

According to the figure below, over which four month interval does the base flow of the Chattahoochee River have the highest discharge?

A)Sept.-Oct.-Nov.-Dec.
B)Jan.-Feb.-Mar.-Apr.
C)May-Jun.-July.-Aug.
D)Nov.-Dec.-Jan.-Feb.
E)Mar.-Apr.-May-Jun.

Question 33

In which part of a straight stream channel is the water moving fastest?

A)along the stream bed
B)in the middle of the stream channel near the surface
C)along the right edge of a stream channel
D)along the left edge of the stream channel
E)where the stream channel is the deepest

Question 34

The hydrologic cycle does not include atmospheric processes.

Question 35

Which of the following would be considered surface water pollution if found in anomalously high concentrations?

A)nitrates
B)mercury
C)hot water
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 36

A __________ is a topographic high that separates adjacent drainage basins.

A)spring
B)reservoir lake
C)delta
D)divide
E)gradient

Question 37

According to the figure below, how long did the river's discharge exceed flood stage?

A)1 hour
B)2 hours
C)3 hours
D)4 hours
E)5 hours

Question 38

Lakes can be man-made or natural features in the landscape. Which of the following would you consider true about lakes?

A)lakes are only composed of freshwater
B)lakes provide recreational opportunities
C)lakes can help produce electricity
D)all of the above
E)B & C only

Question 39

The process in which water has condensed in the atmosphere and falls back to Earth is known as __________.

A)transpiration
B)evaporation
C)precipitation
D)condensation
E)infiltration

Question 40

A system of low discharge streams that join a larger discharge trunk stream as water travels down-gradient are typically referred to as:

A)springs
B)lakes
C)deltas
D)tributaries
E)meanders

Question 41

In many parts of the world, one of the primary uses of surface water is to help produce electric power.

Question 42

Precipitation is the process in which water flows into the ground under the influence of gravity.

Question 43

An aquifer in which the water is allowed to rise to its natural level is known as a confined aquifer.

Question 44

Precipitation that flows over the land in stream channels is commonly referred to as __________.

Question 45

According to the figure below, peak flow of a flood occurs approximately __________ hours after flooding begins.

Question 46

__________ refers to the amount of void space in a rock.

Question 47

The pore spaces within the unsaturated zone are above the water table and are not full of water.

Question 48

__________ is the continent with the lowest amount of watersheds.

Question 49

The water table is located at the top of the zone of saturation.

Question 50

The __________ is below the water table in which all the pore spaces are filled with water.

Question 51

The total area from which water flows into a stream is known as the drainage basin.

Question 52

The figure below illustrates the result of good water management.

Question 53

Caves and caverns actually become smaller in size over time.

Question 54

The term __________ refers to the amount of water passing a point on the stream's bank during a given unit of time.

Question 55

__________ topography is characterized by many sinkholes and disrupted drainage patterns.

Question 56

Transpiration is the process in which plants take in water and pass it directly into the atmosphere.

Question 57

A dip that forms in the water table as a result of pumping is known as a cone of depression.

Question 58

Stalactites are carbonate deposits that commonly occur on the floors of caves.

Question 59

Most fresh water is actually found in __________ across the globe.

Question 60

Eutrophication can occur when sewage and fertilizers are introduced into a lake.

Question 61

What is the hydrologic cycle?

Question 62

What is a cone of depression?

Question 63

What is the difference between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone?

Question 64

In the figure below, describe what might happen to the lake level if the water table was drawn down significantly by ground water pumping in the well.

Question 65

A layer of rock or sediment that contains abundant freely flowing ground water is known as a(n)_____________.

Question 66

Use the image below to describe the types of environmental changes that appear to be occurring in this region of the Aral Sea. Use what you have learned in this chapter to strengthen your points.

Question 67

____________ is the drainage pattern that resembles a tree branch and usually goes more in a random direction compared to any of the other type of patterns.