Deck 14: Glacial and Periglacial Landforms

Question 1

Glaciers usually result in areas of:

A)high elevations and high latitudes
B)low elevations and low latitudes
C)low precipitation and low latitudes
D)high precipitation and low latitudes

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Conditions that permit glacial formation include:

A)low elevations
B)high mean temperatures
C)high annual rainfall
D)more snow persisting than melting

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Alpine glaciers form by:

A)freezing in streams in mountain valleys
B)accumulation of snow in stream valleys
C)compaction and accumulation of snow near the top of mountains
D)accumulation of hail mixed with sleet below the snow line

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When the troughs of tributary glaciers lie above sea level, these hanging valleys can create:

A)kames and kettles
B)natural levees
C)waterfalls and rapids
D)mesas and buttes

Question 5

The outer most or lowest end of a glacier is called its:

A)headwall
B)surge
C)col
D)terminus

Question 6

Where exposed cirques have intersected deeply, a notch is formed. This is called a/an:

A)kame
B)inselberg
C)col
D)esker

Question 7

A large, thick plate of glacial ice moving outwards in all directions is a(n):

A)alpine glacier
B)iceberg
C)ice sheet
D)inselberg

Question 8

A deep, steep-sided rock trench formed by erosion from alpine glaciers is a(n):

A)arête
B)horn
C)moraine
D)glacial trough

Question 9

A narrow, deep ocean inlet that partially fills a glacial trough is a/an:

A)cirque
B)fiord
C)col
D)outwash plain

Question 10

Alpine glaciers are generally:

A)broad and flat
B)long and narrow
C)thick and triangular
D)thin and round

Question 11

The melting of a glacier results in:

A)metamorphic rock
B)ventifacts
C)meltwater
D)firn

Question 12

A debris ridge along either side of a trough of an alpine glacier is a(n):

A)arête
B)terminal moraine
C)col
D)lateral moraine

Question 13

Glaciers move because:

A)the cold ice is more dense and wind currents make it sink
B)the pressure at the bottom of the ice mass makes it lose its rigidity, then it moves with gravity
C)the wind blows the snow
D)ground water pushes it from below while the Coriolis effect acts to deflect the movement

Question 14

The grinding and scratching of rock fragments carried by a glacier against rocks or other fragments is called:

A)abrasion
B)plucking
C)calving
D)retreating

Question 15

A glacier that forms in a mountainous area is called a(n):

A)alpine glacier
B)iceberg
C)ice sheet
D)inselberg

Question 16

Glaciers erode landscapes by:

A)lithification
B)solution
C)saltation
D)abrasion

Question 17

Today's ice sheets, or continental glaciers, are restricted to Antarctica and where?

A)Greenland
B)Iceland
C)Chile
D)Norway

Question 18

A lake that forms in the depression at the bottom of a cirque of an alpine glacier is a(n):

A)kame
B)sinkhole
C)col
D)tarn

Question 19

Any large natural accumulation of land ice affected by present or past motion is a(n):

A)iceberg
B)moraine
C)glacier
D)horn

Question 20

Alpine glaciers originate from a snowfield that has collected in a bowl-shaped depression called a:

A)tarn
B)horn
C)cirque
D)drumlin

Question 21

Sorted and layered materials deposited by a glacier are BEST called:

A)alluvium
B)bedrock
C)moraine
D)stratified drift

Question 22

When the amount of melting equals the amount of accumulation, the glacier is in equilibrium and is

A)advancing
B)retreating
C)stationary
D)stagnant

Question 23

When intersecting cirques carve away the mountain, narrow, sharp ridges called what are formed?

A)arêtes
B)medial moraines
C)lateral moraines
D)eskers

Question 24

The ridge of material that collects at the farthest advance of the glacier is the:

A)lateral moraine
B)recessional moraine
C)terminal moraine
D)esker

Question 25

A thin layer of till that blankets the landscape after a glacier melts is called:

A)melt-out till
B)lodgement till
C)medial moraine
D)terminal moraine

Question 26

Sea ice is associated with:

A)central Antarctica
B)Hawaii
C)the North Pole
D)the Mediterranean Sea

Question 27

The main depositional landforms found along alpine glaciers are:

A)horns
B)kames
C)cirques
D)moraines

Question 28

The two types of glacial drift are BEST called:

A)alluvium and moraine
B)stratified drift and till
C)alluvium and loess
D)moraine and regolith

Question 29

Beyond the moraine, a smooth area of water-laid sediment often marked by kettles and kames, is called a/an:

A)outwash plain
B)pediment
C)mesa
D)terminal moraine

Question 30

Oval or spoon-shaped hills that form in groups beneath an ice sheet glacier and indicate the direction of movement are:

A)arêtes
B)kames
C)eskers
D)drumlins

Question 31

Great plates of floating ice on a continental glacier are:

A)ice shelves
B)inselbergs
C)outwash plains
D)drumlins

Question 32

When intersecting cirques carve away the mountain, steep peaks called what are formed?

A)arêtes
B)horns
C)kames
D)drumlins

Question 33

When an alpine glacier erodes to the sea then melts, the ocean flooded valley is a(n):

A)arête
B)tarn
C)esker
D)fiord

Question 34

All varieties and forms of rock debris deposited by glaciers are BEST called:

A)outwash
B)loess
C)till
D)glacial drift

Question 35

A snakelike ridge of sand and gravel formed at the bottom of an ice tunnel or channel that drains the ice sheet is a/an:

A)arête
B)esker
C)medial moraine
D)drumlin

Question 36

The process of the lateral moraines of two alpine glaciers joining often produces a(n):

A)medial moraine
B)terminal moraine
C)cirque
D)outwash plain

Question 37

When the floors of lesser troughs lie above the sea level of the main trough, they are called:

A)terminal moraines
B)hanging valleys
C)kettles
D)drumlins

Question 38

Continental ice sheets are associated with:

A)Antarctica and Iceland
B)Greenland and Iceland
C)Antarctica and Chile
D)Antarctica and Greenland

Question 39

Pieces of ice that break off of a glacier and drift out to open sea are:

A)kames
B)icebergs
C)inselbergs
D)drumlins

Question 40

A mixture of different sized rock fragments deposited by a glacier is BEST called:

A)alluvium
B)till
C)outwash
D)loess

Question 41

A single episode or time period in which ice sheets formed, spread, and disappeared is BEST called a(n):

A)glaciation
B)transgression
C)regression
D)orogeny

Question 42

The period with mild climate between glacial advances is called a(n):

A)orogeny
B)interglaciation
C)transgression
D)regression

Question 43

A depression resulting from gravel building up around stagnant ice, which then melts, is a/an:

A)kettle
B)kame
C)esker
D)drumlin

Question 44

During warm periods, melting of the ice in the soil forms a layer of mud that can slump down to form terraces and lobes through the process of:

A)permafrost
B)melting
C)gelifluction
D)ice wedges

Question 45

Glacial movement is:

A)fastest on the surface
B)fastest on the bottom
C)fastest in the middle
D)uniform throughout the ice mass

Question 46

The melting of an ice sheet during a period of warming climate is a(n):

A)aggregation
B)orogeny
C)lithification
D)deglaciation

Question 47

Soil, regolith, and bedrock at a temperature that remains below 0°C (32°F)on a perennial basis is the catalyst that can produce:

A)glaciers
B)permafrost
C)gelifluction
D)tarns

Question 48

The landform at A is a(n):

A)arête
B)horn
C)cirque
D)trough

Question 49

The landform at C is a(n):

A)horn
B)kame
C)inselberg
D)drumlin

Question 50

The current geologic epoch is the:

A)Pleistocene
B)Pliocene
C)Holocene
D)Paleozoic

Question 51

The rising of land areas in response to the disappearance of the weight of glacial ice is called:

A)ablation
B)rebound
C)calving
D)abrasion

Question 52

A conical hill or mound of water-laid sediment found on the outwash plain is a/an:

A)kame
B)barchan
C)esker
D)kettle

Question 53

One important hypothesis about the cause of the recent Ice Age involves the:

A)burning of fossil fuels such as coal by prehistoric Indians reduced insolation
B)astronomical hypothesis
C)weight of the continents flipped the earth over and caused a climatic chain reaction
D)vegetation became lighter in color and absorbed less energy

Question 54

The most recent glaciation in North America is called the:

A)Kansan
B)Wisconsinan
C)Illinoisan
D)Nebraskan

Question 55

On the illustration, the landforms at B are:

A)arêtes
B)eskers
C)medial moraine
D)drumlins

Question 56

The landform at G is a(n):

A)lateral moraine
B)esker
C)medial moraine
D)drumlin

Question 57

One important hypothesis about the cause of the recent Ice Age involves:

A) astronomical hypothesis
B)burning of fossil fuels such as coal by prehistoric Indians reduced insolation
C)the weight of the continents flipped the earth over and caused a climatic chain reaction
D)vegetation became lighter in color and absorbed less energy

Question 58

The astronomical hypothesis attempts to explain:

A)why the Ice Age occurred
B)the distribution of glacial and interglacial events
C)why glaciers are currently retreating
D)why glaciers are currently advancing

Question 59

On the illustration, the landforms at A are:

A)arêtes
B)kettles
C)horns
D)drumlins

Question 60

The man BEST noted for graphing insolation changes on Earth through time in an attempt to understand Pleistocene climatic patterns is:

A)Mohorovic
B)Wegener
C)Eratosthenes
D)Milankovitch

Question 61

On the illustration, the landform at L is a(n):

A)pediment
B)till plain
C)outwash plain
D)floodplain

Question 62

The surface of a glacier is more plastic than deeper into the ice.

Question 63

On the illustration, the landform at K is a(n):

A)outwash plain
B)till plain
C)floodplain
D)pediment

Question 64

Continental glaciers have altered areas of both the middle latitudes and the subarctic.

Question 65

A glacier can have many recessional moraines but just one terminal moraine.

Question 66

All till is drift, but not all drift is till.

Question 67

Glacial advances raise sea level.

Question 68

Ground moraine is made of till.

Question 69

On the illustration, the landform at D is a(n):

A)recessional moraine
B)interlobate moraine
C)terminal moraine
D)esker

Question 70

Terminal and recessional moraines differ only in that the terminal moraine is located farthest from the source of the ice.

Question 71

Glacial ice makes the Earth's albedo lower.

Question 72

On the illustration, land that was NOT beneath the ice is found at:

A)A
B)L
C)K
D)E

Question 73

Tributary glaciers more extensively erode their valleys than the main glacier they join.

Question 74

Most of New England and the north central United States is covered by less than three meters of glacial drift.

Question 75

The North Pole is covered by a continental ice sheet.

Question 76

On the illustration, the landform at E is a(n):

A)arête
B)recessional moraine
C)terminal moraine
D)esker

Question 77

No glaciers are located near the equator.

Question 78

Most deposition by glaciers occurs near the source of the ice.

Question 79

Lakes that form in glaciated valleys are called trough lakes.

Question 80

On the illustration, the landform at I is a(n):

A)terminal moraine
B)recessional moraine
C)ground moraine
D)lateral moraine