Deck 16: Biogeographic Processes

Question 1

Considering the energy flow of sphagnum moss under constant illumination and increasing temperatures,:

A)gross photosynthesis decreases
B)respiration increases
C)net photosynthesis decreased
D)gross photosynthesis decreases then levels off

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The transfer of energy in levels through an ecosystem is called:

A)photosynthesis
B)biomass
C)food web
D)decomposers

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A complex organic molecule that absorbs light energy for use by plant cells is a(n)

A)hydroxyl
B)bauxite
C)chlorophyll
D)carbon-14

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The distribution and abundance of organisms in regards to their physiological needs is called:

A)geomorphology
B)palynology
C)petrology
D)ecological biogeography

Question 5

The dry weight of living matter in an ecosystem within a designated surface area is the:

A)biotic pyramid
B)biomass
C)chloroplast
D)ecotone

Question 6

A byproduct of photosynthesis is:

A)H₂O
B)PbS
C)CO₂
D)O₂

Question 7

The organization of an ecosystem into levels through which energy flows as the organisms at each level consume energy from the bodies of the organisms in levels below is the:

A)photosynthesis
B)biome
C)ecotone
D)food web

Question 8

Energy and Matter Flow in Ecosystems on the average is highest for:

A)open ocean
B)estuaries
C)continental shelf
D)algal beds and reefs

Question 9

The remaining amount of carbohydrate after Energy and Matter Flow in Ecosystems is the:

A)gross photosynthesis
B)biotic pyramid
C)chloroplasts
D)net photosynthesis

Question 10

A collection of organisms and the environment with which they interact is called a(n):

A)ecosystem
B)habitat
C)food web
D)horizon

Question 11

Organisms that feed on decaying matter from all levels are:

A)primary producers
B)secondary consumers
C)primary consumers
D)decomposers

Question 12

The study of the distribution patterns of organisms over space and time and of the processes that produced these patterns is called:

A)anthropology
B)biogeography
C)cartography
D)paleontology

Question 13

Energy and Matter Flow in Ecosystems on the average is highest for:

A)freshwater swamps
B)mid-latitude grasslands
C)agricultural land
D)mid-latitude forests

Question 14

A bird eats a big fish that ate a smaller fish that ate a tiny fish exemplifies:

A)the biotic pyramid
B)a food chain
C)an ecotone
D)photosynthesis

Question 15

The breakdown of carbohydrates combined with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water is:

A)photosynthesis
B)biomass
C)chloroplasts
D)respiration

Question 16

Organisms that ingest other organisms as their food source are BEST called:

A)primary producers
B)ecotone
C)consumers
D)legumes

Question 17

The production of carbohydrates is:

A)photosynthesis
B)weathering
C)respiration
D)decomposition

Question 18

Plants and animals together are called the:

A)solum
B)biota
C)biomes
D)ecosystems

Question 19

Photosynthesis supplies carbohydrates to the:

A)primary producers
B)ecotone
C)consumers
D)decomposers

Question 20

The total amount of new carbohydrate placed in storage is:

A)gross photosynthesis
B)respiration
C)chloroplasts
D)net photosynthesis

Question 21

The stable community when the vegetation of an area stops changing through time is the:

A)herbivory
B)biomass
C)climax community
D)ecotone

Question 22

For an ecosystem, fire, flood, volcanic eruptions, storm waves, and high winds are examples of:

A)geomorphic factors
B)biomass
C)ecotones
D)disturbances

Question 23

When a relationship develops where one or both species cannot survive alone, the relationship is called:

A)allelopathy
B)mutualism
C)commensalism
D)protocooperation

Question 24

The positive interaction between species that is beneficial to at least one of the species and does not harm the other is called:

A)allelopathy
B)parasitism
C)herbivory
D)symbiosis

Question 25

The functional role played by an organism or its "profession" as well as the physical space it inhabits is BEST called the:

A)habitat
B)biome
C)ecotone
D)ecological niche

Question 26

When the vegetation of an area is destroyed, the regrowth and development is called:

A)primary succession
B)population equilibrium
C)demographic transition
D)secondary succession

Question 27

One species feeding on another is BEST called:

A)allelopathy
B)predation
C)mutualism
D)protocooperation

Question 28

Trees that shed their leaves seasonally are called:

A)epiphytes
B)evergreen
C)succulents
D)deciduous

Question 29

One species gaining nutrition from another is BEST called:

A)allelopathy
B)parasitism
C)mutualism
D)protocooperation

Question 30

The earliest communities developing in an area represent the:

A)herbivory
B)ecotone
C)climax
D)pioneer stage

Question 31

The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was written by:

A)Wegener
B)Humboldt
C)Carson
D)Darwin

Question 32

The largest storage pool for the nitrogen in Energy and Matter Flow in Ecosystems is the:

A)atmosphere
B)ocean
C)vegetation
D)legumes

Question 33

A collection of individual organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring is a(n):

A)alleles
B)species
C)class
D)family

Question 34

The sequence of distinctive plants and animal communities occurring within a given area of newly formed land or land cleared of plant cover is called:

A)biotic pyramid
B)biomes
C)competition
D)ecological succession

Question 35

The subdivision of the environment according to the needs and preferences of organisms or groups of organisms is the:

A)ecological niche
B)biome
C)ecotone
D)habitat

Question 36

The differences that arise between parent and offspring are:

A)dispersal
B)biomass
C)variation
D)speciation

Question 37

The term below that means something different than the other terms is a:

A)material cycle
B)biogeochemical cycle
C)food web
D)nutrient cycle

Question 38

The creation of diversity of life-forms through the process of natural selection is:

A)speciation
B)evolution
C)extinction
D)dispersal

Question 39

Biogeochemical cycles include:

A)rock cycle and hydrologic cycle
B)disaster cycle and solar cycle
C)carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle
D)ALL of these

Question 40

When new land forms and plant and animal communities begin to develop, the process is called:

A)primary succession
B)mutualism
C)commensalism
D)secondary succession

Question 41

On the illustration, letter B shows:

A)primary consumers
B)primary producers
C)secondary consumers
D)decomposers

Question 42

On the illustration, letter D shows:

A)primary consumers
B)primary producers
C)secondary consumers
D)higher level consumers

Question 43

On the illustration, letter C is:

A)assimilation
B)nitrification
C)fixation
D)ammonification

Question 44

Many species have been exterminated by:

A)prehistoric human hunters
B)periodic burning by prehistoric humans
C)human alteration of habitat
D)ALL of these

Question 45

On the illustration, letter A is:

A)ammonification
B)nitrification
C)fixation
D)denitrification

Question 46

On the illustration, letter E is:

A)assimilation
B)nitrification
C)fixation
D)ammonification

Question 47

On the illustration, letter B is:

A)ammonification
B)nitrification
C)fixation
D)denitrification

Question 48

The greatest threats to biodiversity are caused by:

A)humans
B)plate tectonics
C)natural hazards
D)aphelion and perihelion

Question 49

The picture shows a live oak of California that is adapted to water scarcity through its:

A)extensive surface root system
B)tough, waxy leaves
C)light colored leaves and bark
D)long, narrow leaf shape

Question 50

The picture shows a bear that has BEST adapted to:

A)hot temperatures
B)lack of light
C)cold temperatures
D)dry conditions

Question 51

The condition of the disappearance of a gene pool from Earth is called:

A)extinction
B)diffusion
C)extirpation
D)dispersal

Question 52

The greatest threats to biodiversity are:

A)habitat loss and fragmentation
B)invasion of non-native species
C)pollution and exploration
D)ALL of these

Question 53

On the illustration, letter C shows:

A)primary consumers
B)primary producers
C)secondary consumers
D)decomposers

Question 54

A collection of closely related species that share a similar evolutionary history is a(n):

A)genus
B)family
C)class
D)kingdom

Question 55

On the illustration, letter A shows:

A)primary consumers
B)primary producers
C)secondary consumers
D)decomposers

Question 56

The variety of biological life on Earth or within a region is the:

A)biogeographic region
B)biodiversity
C)competition
D)diffusion

Question 57

On the illustration, letter E shows:

A)primary consumers
B)primary producers
C)secondary consumers
D)higher level consumers

Question 58

The amount of Earth's land surface that is transformed by human use is nearest to:

A)25%
B)40%
C)55%
D)75%

Question 59

In the past four centuries, botanist estimate the number of species that have become extinct is nearest to:

A)200
B)600
C)1200
D)1600

Question 60

To preserve global diversity, we must:

A)protect species and their habitats
B)burn the tropical rainforest and replant with hardier species
C)increase carbon dioxide emissions to raise temperatures
D)do ALL of these

Question 61

An organism's tolerance and response to moisture and temperature changes are part of its ecological niche.

Question 62

At high latitudes, short periods of daylight compensate for the long growing season.

Question 63

The amount of nitrogen fixation from human activity is decreasing.

Question 64

Croplands have the largest biomass of all land uses.

Question 65

The most important of the biogeochemical cycles is the sulfur cycle.

Question 66

The chemical reaction of photosynthesis is H₂O + O₂ + light energy → ─HOH─ + O₂.

Question 67

Cold-blooded animals adapt to cold temperatures by raising their body temperatures.

Question 68

The cow parsnips in the foreground of the photo have adapted to:

A)shade
B)long growing season
C)cold temperatures
D)dry conditions

Question 69

Respiration is an example of carbon fixation.

Question 70

Biomass is a better measure of productivity than is net primary productivity.

Question 71

This photo illustrates:

A)mutation
B)predation
C)symbiosis
D)disturbance

Question 72

Nitrogen fixation indirectly reduces the oxygen content of the ocean.

Question 73

Many organisms share the same ecological niche.

Question 74

Geomorphic factors such as slope steepness, slope aspect, and relief have little to no impact on ecosystems.

Question 75

In many cases, wildfires are beneficial to forests and grasslands.

Question 76

Energy is lost at each level of the food web through respiration.

Question 77

This photo depicts:

A)ecological succession
B)mutation
C)natural selection
D)disturbance

Question 78

Soil burrows insulate an organism from extreme and rapidly fluctuating temperatures.

Question 79

This illustration BEST shows:

A)primary succession
B)secondary succession
C)mutation
D)disturbance

Question 80

One adaptation to dry conditions is a short life cycle so germination, growth, and reproduction occurs quickly and seeds are dormant during the dry periods.