Deck 3: Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Question 1

What do lacteals absorb?​

A)​glucose and water-soluble vitamins
B)​amino acids and enzymes
C)​fatty acids, glycerol, and fat-soluble vitamins
D)​minerals only

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is a hormone that triggers the release of gastric juices?​

A)​gastrin
B)​pepsin
C)​trypsin
D)​secretin

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which hormone causes the release of sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of chyme?​

A)​gastrin
B)​pepsin
C)​secretin
D)​cholecystokinin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What factor might increase someone's BMR?​

A)​fever
B)​aerobic exercise 
C)​strength training
D)​diet

Question 5

What is the lower end of the esophagus termed?​

A)​bolus
B)​cardiac sphincter
C)​ileum
D)​duodenum

Question 6

In what area of the stomach does the bolus of food first enter?​

A)​fundus
B)​pylorus
C)​body of the stomach
D)​duodenum

Question 7

Which of the following factors does not contribute to one's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?​

A)​lean body mass
B)​daily activity
C)​heredity
D)​climate

Question 8

What term is used to describe the movement caused by rhythmic contractions of the muscular wall of the gastrointestinal tract?​

A)​mechanical
B)​chemical
C)​peristalsis
D)​hydrolysis

Question 9

____ is the process that uses released energy to convert substances to simpler products.​

A)​Aerobic metabolism
B)​Catabolism
C)​Anaerobic metabolism
D)​Anabolism

Question 10

The process of digestion begins in the ____​.

A)​esophagus
B)​stomach
C)​mouth
D)​small intestine

Question 11

How much of the daily caloric intake provides the energy used to process food?​

A)​100%
B)​50%
C)​25%
D)10%

Question 12

Which one is NOT a role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?​

A)​activates the enzyme pepsin
B)​destroys bacteria in food
C)​destroys antibodies
D)​aids in the solubility of iron and calcium

Question 13

Projecting from the small intestine are microscopic fingerlike projections known as ____.​

A)​​villi​
B)​​cilia​
C)​​capillaries​
D)​lacteals

Question 14

Metabolism is the body's ____.​

A)​use of energy to conserve nutrients
B)​use of food to create energy
C)​process whereby food is broken down into smaller parts
D)​reduction of fats without the use of oxygen

Question 15

As people age, the lean body mass _______.​

A)​increases
B)​stays the same
C)​decreases
D)​fluctuates 

Question 16

Which statement is true?​

A)​As lean body mass decreases, so does one's BMR. 
B)​As lean body mass decreases, one's BMR increases. 
C)​There is no relationship between BMR and lean body mass. 
D)​BMR is inversely related to lean body mass.

Question 17

Where does the final chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?​

A)​mouth
B)​stomach
C)​esophagus
D)​small intestine

Question 18

After being absorbed into the small intestine, fructose and galactose are then carried to the ____.​

A)​stomach
B)​small intestine
C)​kidney
D)​liver

Question 19

What is the name of the process that takes released energy and builds new substances from simpler ones?​

A)​anabolism
B)​catabolism
C)​oxidation
D)​metabolism

Question 20

​_____________ is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats.

A)​Pancreatic amylase
B)​Pancreatic lipase
C)​Salivary amylase
D)​Trypsin

Question 21

Describe the pathology that occurs when a hiatal hernia exists. Correlate each symptom with the medical diagnosis and describe the cause. ​

Question 22

Describe the progression of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) throughout the life cycle. What factors, in addition to age, result in a change in the BMR?​

Question 23

A mouthful of food ready to be swallowed is called chyme. _________________________​

Question 24

The inner wall of the small intestine is smooth. _________________________ ​

Question 25

​What is digestion?

Question 26

What is the purpose of mechanical digestion?​

Question 27

​The cardiac sphincter prevents acid from flowing back into the esophagus. _________________________

Question 28

Describe the purpose of fiber in the diet. List the best food sources.​

Question 29

The __________ is the end of the stomach nearest the small intestine.​

A)​fundus
B)​cardiac sphincter
C)​duodenum
D)​pylorus

Question 30

Digestion is the process whereby food is broken down into smaller parts and is chemically changed. Digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine only. _________________________ ​

Question 31

Acid reflux disease is caused by malfunction of the pyloric sphincter. _____________________ ​

Question 32

​Calculate your basal metabolic rate. Calculate your usual caloric intake. Discuss the implications of your intake versus your metabolic rate.

Question 33

What additional symptoms that may occur should the client be made aware of? What are the complications of a hiatal hernia? ​

Question 34

Describe the function and the actions of the gallbladder. Include the action of the substances produced by the gallbladder.​

Question 35

_________is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of proteins.​

A)​Pancreatic amylase
B)​Carboxypeptidase
C)​Pancreatic lipase
D)​Bile

Question 36

One kilocalorie is equal to 4.184 kilojoules. _______________________ ​

Question 37

The hydrochloric acid that is secreted by the stomach lining makes iron and calcium more soluble. _________________________ ​

Question 38

Describe the relationship between the symptom "heartburn" and the heart. ​

Question 39

What are the activities of absorption that occur in the large intestine? Describe the movement of food residue through the large intestine that results in watery, liquid stools.​

Question 40

To be absorbed, nutrients must be in their most complex form. _________________________ ​

Question 41

What nutrients, vitamins, and minerals will she need to increase in order to sustain a good nutritional status? List foods that are good sources. ​

Question 42

What additional assessment data will you need before planning her dietary goals and nursing measures? ​

Question 43

What assessment data will be monitored to evaluate if the goals have been met? ​

Question 44

What nursing measures will the nurse perform? ​

Question 45

Determine the number of additional calories she will need to ingest for proper nutrition for the fetus. ​

Question 46

Ms. Moore tells you that she always ate the same whether she was pregnant or not. She also says that she never took vitamins or iron with her other pregnancies and that she doesn't see the need now. How will you teach her the importance of these dietary measures? ​

Question 47

How many additional calories will be needed for lactation? What other substances need to be ingested in adequate amounts? ​

Question 48

Is it appropriate for a pregnant woman to go on a weight loss program? Describe the rationale for your answer. ​

Question 49

What is the focus of nursing care? ​

Question 50

What is the goal of the initial medical treatment? ​

Question 51

List one dietary goal with nursing measures. ​

Question 52

Determine her current recommended body weight based on her height and sex.