Deck 9: Water

Question 1

When the sodium in the extracellular fluid is reduced, what condition might occur?

A)dehydration
B)hypertension
C)cellular edema
D)nausea

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which element is regulated by the buffer systems?

A)oxygen
B)hydrogen
C)carbon dioxide
D)chloride

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A pH of 3 is considered ____.

A)risky
B)basic
C)acidic
D)neutral

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How much water loss can result in circulatory failure?

A)10%
B)less than 10%
C)20% or more
D)50%

Question 5

What is the average daily adult requirement for water?

A)1,800 mL
B)5 mL for every calorie consumed
C)1 mL for every calorie consumed
D)at least 500 mL a day

Question 6

_____ is the principal electrolyte in intracellular fluid.

A)Chloride
B)Potassium
C)Sodium
D)Carbon dioxide

Question 7

Low blood pressure, dry skin, and fever are all symptoms of ____.

A)sodium deficiency
B)anxiety
C)dehydration
D)hypertension

Question 8

When there is an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood, what occurs?

A)heart rate increases
B)breathing rate increases
C)heart rate slows
D)breathing rate slows

Question 9

Water constitutes what percentage of body weight?

A)between 20 and 30%
B)between 50 and 60%
C)between 30 and 40%
D)over 60%

Question 10

Water lost by healthy individuals through urination, feces, perspiration, and respiration must be replaced in terms of _____.

A)volume and electrolyte content
B)electrolyte content only
C)volume only
D)homeostasis

Question 11

How many days can a human live without water?

A)30-45
B)3-5
C)15-30
D)10-14

Question 12

Which fluid is found in the intravascular fluid and glandular secretions?

A)intracellular fluid
B)extracellular fluid
C)interstitial fluid
D)electrolyte fluid

Question 13

What is the pH of blood plasma in a healthy person?

A)pH 6.8-7.1
B)pH 7.35-7.45
C)pH 7
D)below pH 7

Question 14

What condition can occur when the body has suffered a loss of hydrochloric acid?

A)acidosis
B)alkalosis
C)renal failure
D)hypertension

Question 15

Which of the following conditions may arise with a positive water balance?

A)hyperthyroidism
B)diabetes
C)low white blood cell count
D)congestive heart failure

Question 16

Which organ has the main role of helping electrolyte balance?

A)liver
B)stomach
C)heart
D)kidneys

Question 17

When the body is not able to balance the need for bases with the amount of acid retained, what condition might occur?

A)alkalosis
B)renal failure
C)acidosis
D)kidney disease

Question 18

Water is a _____ for nutrients and waste products.

A)solute
B)solvent
C)solution
D)none of the above

Question 19

What hormone is excreted in response to dehydration?

A)insulin
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)aldosterone
D)testosterone

Question 20

What are the solutes that maintain the balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids?

A)potassium, phosphorus, and chloride
B)sodium, potassium, and chloride
C)calcium, phosphorus, and potassium
D)sodium and copper

Question 21

List expected outcomes:

Question 22

In order to meet the body's fluid needs, the intake of fluids should be at least 1 L more than the output. _________________________

Question 23

The average adult's body contains approximately 75% water. _________________________

Question 24

The body must excrete 1,500 mL of water each day to rid the body of the waste products of metabolism. _________________________

Question 25

The fluid found between cells is called intracellular fluid. _______________________

Question 26

List good sources of fluid for clients who have difficulty swallowing thin liquids.

Question 27

Describe the steps in planning nursing care.

Question 28

List the functions of water in the body.

Question 29

List conditions when the need for fluids is increased.

Question 30

Which of the following conditions does NOT cause accumulation of excess fluid in the body?

A)hypothyroidism
B)heart failure
C)hypoproteinemia
D)hemorrhage

Question 31

List substances included in measurement of intake and output.

Question 32

If your body needs 2,000 calories daily, then you should consume 1,000 mL of water in order to maintain hydration and fluid balance. _________________________

Question 33

Give the priority nursing diagnosis statement for Mrs. James.

Question 34

Identify nursing goals.

Question 35

Describe the mechanism of thirst. Describe situations when thirst is not a reliable warning.

Question 36

The cerebrum regulates thirst. _________________________

Question 37

What is a buffer system and what mixture maintains the body's main buffer system?

Question 38

The percentage of body weight that is water is higher in males than females because men have more muscle tissue than women. __________________________

Question 39

The body has buffer systems that regulate _____ content in body fluids.

A)sodium
B)hydrogen ion
C)potassium
D)chloride

Question 40

Describe why infants and the elderly are more vulnerable to water deprivation.

Question 41

The body's buffer system serves as a first line of defense against fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Explain why.

Question 42

Which laboratory values are the most important when dehydration is present?