Deck 13: Music Perception

Question 1

A set of ordered notes starting at one note and ending at the same note one octave higher is known as ______.

A)melodic denotation
B)a beat pattern
C)a scale
D)timbre

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Transposition is the process of ______.

A)creating a set of ordered notes that ends one octave higher than it begins
B)varying the beat that is emphasized in a melody
C)recognizing when two notes fail to achieve harmony together
D)changing a melody from one key (tonic signature) to another

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Instead of the ______ scale used in Western music (C, D, E, F, G, A, B, and C), Chinese music uses only a five-note ______ scale.

A)reductionistic; holistic
B)equal-temperament; chromatic
C)diatonic; pentatonic
D)chromatic; scalar

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The perceived sound differences between sounds with the same pitch but possessing different higher harmonics is known as ______.

A)beat
B)augmentation
C)resonance
D)timbre

Question 5

A person is presented with a tone at 400 Hz and a tone at 420 Hz, and then is presented with one at 500 Hz and one at 1000 Hz.Which pair will sound more similar and why?

A)The 500 and 1000 Hz tones will sound more similar because they define an octave.
B)The 400 and 420 Hz tones will sound more similar because they are closer together in pitch.
C)The 400 and 420 Hz tones will sound more similar because one is a harmonic of the other.
D)The 500 and 1000 Hz tones will sound more similar because we have lower thresholds for the higher frequencies.

Question 6

Western music uses a tuning system in which the difference between each successive semitone is constant both in pitch and in frequency.This system is known as ______.

A)the equal-temperament scale
B)chromatic equivalence
C)Suzuki music theory
D)the Bach scale

Question 7

How long the fundamental frequency and harmonic remain at their peak loudness until they start to disappear is known as ______ and is a feature of ______.

A)beat; rhythm
B)consonance; harmony
C)decay; timbre
D)chroma; rhythm

Question 8

Tempo refers to ______.

A)the loudness or softness of a musical composition
B)the implied presence of higher harmonics
C)whether both consonances and dissonances appear in the musical piece
D)the pace at which a piece of music is played

Question 9

Janna writes down a rhythmically organized sequence of notes to express a feeling that she has.Janna has created a ______.

A)sequential musicale
B)harmonic pattern
C)melody
D)syncopation

Question 10

In Western music, major scales begin and end on a note ______.

A)that has the same beat pattern
B)one octave apart
C)two semitones apart
D)that signifies a melodic interval

Question 11

A flute and a piano are both playing a note with a fundamental frequency of 1138 Hz.Why do the two instruments sound different?

A)The two notes differ slightly in perceived frequency.
B)The dynamics differ between the two instruments.
C)Each instrument has a different pattern of higher harmonics.
D)Pianos play an octave lower than other instruments.

Question 12

The flute and the violin are associated with ______, while the tuba and the bassoon are associated with ______.

A)higher pitches; lower pitches
B)lower pitches; higher pitches
C)more harmonics; less harmonics
D)less harmonics; more harmonics

Question 13

Juan is learning to play the trumpet.His instructor asks him to listen to recordings of various instruments so he can learn to discriminate different notes and sounds.Juan hears a C played at 261.1 Hz, and then another very similar sounding note played by the same instrument at 523.2 Hz.Juan should recognize the second note as a(n) ______.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 14

Ivan wants to create a composition for his metal band that makes listeners feel a sense that something is wrong by making his notes sound as though they really do not fit together.He is creating ______.

A)consonance
B)assonance
C)divergence
D)dissonance

Question 15

In music, chroma refers to the ______.

A)initial buildup of a note
B)final note of a melody
C)subjective quality of a pitch
D)rich sound produced by harmonics

Question 16

Two tones that can be expressed as a simple ratio of each other tend to sound pleasant when played together.This relates to the concept of ______.

A)consonance
B)dissonance
C)assonance
D)convergence

Question 17

How fast music is played, the spaced pulses within it, and the temporal pattern of sound across time are all aspects of ______.

A)dynamics
B)articulation
C)rhythm
D)syncopation

Question 18

The interval between one note and a note with either double the frequency or half the frequency of that note is known as the ______.

A)chroma
B)chromatic interval
C)octave
D)musical constant

Question 19

On a piano keyboard, the keys on the far left of the instrument are the ______.

A)highest in pitch
B)lowest in pitch
C)highest in loudness
D)lowest in loudness

Question 20

In music, the term "dynamics" refers to ______.

A)the relative key signature of the music
B)relative loudness and how loudness changes across a composition
C)how fast or "dynamically" a piece of music should be played
D)the frequency distribution across the piece of music

Question 21

DeWitt and Samuel (1990) conducted an experiment in which participants heard an implied but missing note, similar to the perceptual restoration effect.They found that ______.

A)the missing note lowered the perception of consonance
B)many participants reported hearing the missing note
C)the missing note interfered with the perception of harmony
D)many participants reported noticing additional missing notes

Question 22

Peretz and her colleagues were concerned that an initial deficit in pitch perception may spiral in people with congenital amusia.They found that ______.

A)prolonged exposure to major scales reduces the effects of congenital amusia
B)patients with congenital amusia who are exposed to music over a long period of time do not show any improvement in pitch perception or in musical understanding
C)congenital amusia is a cultural phenomenon which is nonexistent in cultures that value music greatly
D)congenital amusia steadily improves in patients who are treated with a regimen of alternating exposure to music over a long period of time with brief recovery periods of no music exposure

Question 23

A musical style that features instruments such as the tanbur and the qernête comes from ______.

A)Java
B)Kurdistan
C)South America
D)Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 24

Which of the following explains why a person hears a scale that sounds like it increases in pitch continually in Shepard Tones?

A)Timbre differences create an illusion of higher pitch, but all the tones are the same frequency.
B)White noise is presented simultaneously with the scale to phase out the decreased frequencies.
C)It is an illusion created by simultaneously sweeping different pure tones, which are an octave apart.
D)Notes one octave apart go into each ear, and then are switched, making the pitch seem higher though the two notes do not change.

Question 25

One difference between Western and non-Western music is ______.

A)the number of different notes that make up a scale from one octave to the next
B)only in Western music does the melody express emotion
C)the use of timbre to express different themes in the music
D)in Western music, there is a greater attention to the audience relative to the performer

Question 26

Zamm, Schlaug, and Eagleman (2013) examined the brains of people with color-music synesthesia.They found that ______.

A)a tract from the sensory areas to the frontal lobe called the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus was enlarged in people with synesthesia
B)there was atrophy in both primary auditory cortex and primary visual cortex
C)there were lesions in the prefrontal parietal gyrus
D)a small portion of the occipital lobe never completely developed in people with synesthesia

Question 27

Joe has begun to train rigorously in music.If researchers take a scan of his brain before he started training, and take another one after he trains for a couple of years, they will probably find ______.

A)little or no change in how Joe's brain processes music
B)increased usage of Joe's left hemisphere in musical perception
C)decreased activity in Joe's right temporal lobe
D)increased separation between areas of Joe's brain used for speech and music

Question 28

Shane is much more musically inclined than Ollie.If their brains were examined the results would show that ______.

A)the different regions of Shane's brain perform essentially the same functions as those same regions in Ollie's brain
B)Shane's occipital lobe focuses on auditory perception and visual perception, whereas Ollie's only focuses on visual perception
C)Ollie's brain contains substantially less overall mass than Shane's brain, though the surface area may be similar
D)the cochlea in Ollie's brain has greater interaction with the right lobe than Shane's brain

Question 29

Cooper suffered brain damage years ago.Since that time he has had trouble perceiving music, but can process speech and other sounds without difficulty.Cooper likely has a condition known as ______.

A)amusia
B)distonic harmonic perception
C)aharmonia
D)musical deafness

Question 30

Which of the following are considered musical illusions?

A)the amusia-specific illusion
B)the Muller-Lyer illusion
C)the tritone paradox
D)the principle of closure

Question 31

Jeven has spent his life drumming in bands that feature traditional Western rhythms.He has been asked by his friend, Carl, to join a band that follows West African traditions and rhythms.What can Jeven expect to experience in his new band?

A)more use of harmonic tones
B)less emphasis on rhythm
C)decreased syncopation
D)increased syncopation

Question 32

A condition in which a stimulus in one modality consistently triggers a response in another modality is known as ______.

A)interweaving
B)mnesic intersensory perception
C)haptic-auditory syndrome
D)synesthesia

Question 33

Marta is both a painter and a pianist.When she hears certain chords in a piece of music, she experiences color in very specific ways.For example, when she hears a minor seventh, she experiences a feeling of seeing violet.As a result, Marta often plays recorded music when she creates abstract paintings so she can paint what she "sees." Marta likely has ______.

A)cerebral achromatopsia
B)color-music synesthesia
C)a form of blindsight
D)a condition known as McFadden's disease

Question 34

Archaeological evidence dates the earliest flutes to ______.

A)ancient Greek civilization
B)500 B.C.E.
C)1,000 years ago
D)more than 30,000 years ago

Question 35

Plantinga and Trainor (2005) examined melody perception in 6-month-old infants.In the study, Plantinga and Trainor played particular melodies to infants numerous times over a 7-day period.They found that infants looked ______.

A)more often toward the source of a novel melody, rather than the transposed melody, indicating that they perceived the transposed melody as being similar to something heard earlier
B)more often toward the source of familiar melody, rather than the novel melody, indicating that they perceived the timbre differences between the two melodies
C)no more often toward the source of familiar melody than the novel melody, indicating that they have not yet begun to perceive melody
D)more often toward the source of a transposed melody than the novel melody, indicating they had had not yet begun to perceive melody

Question 36

Which of the following is a feature of congenital amusia?

A)pitch confusion
B)poor mathematical ability
C)difficulties in understanding written language
D)enhanced pitch discrimination

Question 37

Krings et al.(2000) examined the brain areas used by professional piano players and a control group.They found that ______.

A)the professional piano players required lower levels of cortical activation in motor areas of the brain relative to controls while doing the same task
B)there was increased activity in the parabelt region of professional relative to controls
C)there was decreased activity in the posterior parietal region of professional relative to controls
D)the control group showed no appreciable difference in brain activity from the professional piano player group

Question 38

A form of synesthesia that occurs when particular pitches, notes, or chords elicit experiences of particular visual colors is known as ______.

A)chromic aphasia
B)harmonic chromotopsia
C)Archibald syndrome
D)color-music synesthesia

Question 39

Hyde, Peretz, and Zatorre (2008) used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the function of the right and left auditory cortical regions in frequency processing of melodic sequences.They found that ______.

A)only the left auditory cortex becomes active during the presentation of melodic sequences
B)better behavioral pitch resolution was associated with activity in the right secondary auditory cortex

C)the louder the melodic sequences were presented, the more cross-talk there was between the two hemispheres
D)the fMRI revealed that even moderate exposure to non-Western music can disorient the brain regions usually associated with perceiving consonance

Question 40

Which of these brain regions is most associated with pitch perception?

A)the anterior cingulate gyrus
B)area MT in the occipital lobe
C)Panum's area
D)right secondary auditory cortex

Question 41

The Shepard tone illusion occurs when people misperceive pure tones as chords.

Question 42

All forms of Western music-from rap to jazz to classical-share a common scale system.

Question 43

Timbre is the perceived sound differences between sounds with the same pitch but possessing different higher harmonics.

Question 44

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Western music traditions include ______.
a.music as diverse as rock music and classical music
b.the use of the same scale system across different musical genres
c.a common means of notating music
d.different scales related to different seasons

Question 45

Briefly explain the relationship between different types of Western music, such as reggae, grunge, and country.

Question 46

Why was Beethoven's life was somewhat tragic?

A)A genetic disorder caused him to hallucinate whenever music was played too loudly.
B)Doctors restored his hearing with the use of horns, and then he lost his sight.
C)He was born deaf and never could hear any of his own compositions.
D)Music was his life, and he lost his ability to hear and conduct music at an early age.

Question 47

Adrian has been a concert violinist for decades.Now, he finds that all those years of performing loudly have impaired his hearing ability in the range played by his violin.What can Adrian do to continue performing?

A)Use handheld horns to amplify the sound.
B)Switch to the viola because it plays fewer high range notes.
C)Put tape over his ears to protect them from high pitches.
D)Use a hearing aid especially potent at dampening loud sounds.

Question 48

Describe the relationship between pitch and frequency.

Question 49

Anastasia has been playing the piano since she was a young child.Now, she would like to learn to play Indian music.Anastasia will soon find that ______.

A)she will need a new instrument because Indian music cannot be played on a piano
B)the notes used in Indian music are the same notes used in Western music
C)there are fewer notes in each octave in Indian music
D)she will only need to learn one scale for Indian music

Question 50

Bill, who was raised in Boston, travels to several countries in Asia and Africa to enjoy different regional forms of music.How might he find his role as part of the audience different as he enjoys musical performances in many of those places?

Question 51

The earliest musical instruments that archaeologists have found are drums from about 3,000 years ago.

Question 52

In major scales, every step is one semitone.

Question 53

To date, the research suggests that people with amusia do not have difficulties with other aspects of audition, such as speech perception.

Question 54

Explain the relationship between musical recognition and the right hemisphere of the brain.

Question 55

The octave is the interval between one note and a note with either double the frequency or half the frequency of that note.

Question 56

Explain the difficulties that affect both cochlear implant and hearing aid users who wish to enjoy music.

Question 57

Dissonance is the perception of pleasantness or harmony when two or more notes are played; that is, the notes fit with each other.

Question 58

For years, Hector has played very loud music as the drummer of a classic rock band.If he does not protect his hearing, he will most likely experience future hearing impairment at ______ frequencies.

A)low
B)high
C)middle
D)all

Question 59

Synesthesia is a condition in which a stimulus in one modality consistently triggers a response in another modality.