Deck 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions is correct?

A)Responsiveness-obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food
B)Assimilation-sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them
C)Respiration-changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids
D)Circulation-the movement of substances in body fluids

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of organelles?

A)They carry on specific activities.
B)They are only in cells of humans.
C)They are composed of aggregates of large molecules.
D)They are found in many types of cells.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form

A)tissues, which build organs.
B)organs, which build tissues.
C)organ systems, which build tissues.
D)atoms, which comprise tissues.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is

A)metabolism.
B)absorption.
C)assimilation.
D)excretion.

Question 5

Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism?

A)Responsiveness
B)Movement
C)Reproduction
D)Respiration

Question 6

Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because

A)physiological functions depend on anatomical structures.
B)physiological functions in an organism are ongoing.
C)body parts take up space.
D)our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy.

Question 7

Homeostasis is the

A)inability to keep body weight within normal limits.
B)decrease in room temperature because a window is open.
C)ingestion of more food than you need to eat.
D)tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 8

Metabolism is defined as ________.

A)the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions
B)the breakdown of substances into simpler forms
C)the taking in of nutrients
D)all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life

Question 9

The term "physiology" is related to

A)the Latin for "physical shape."
B)the structure of internal organs.
C)the Greek for "cutting up."
D)the Greek for "relationship to nature."

Question 10

In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is

A)the atom.
B)the molecule.
C)the macromolecule.
D)the cell.

Question 11

The recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine that detect sweetness illustrates that

A)chemical responses occur in only one part of the body.
B)new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made.
C)everything there is to know about anatomy and physiology has been discovered.
D)the molecular and cellular levels are of little interest in anatomy and physiology.

Question 12

Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?

A)Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems
B)Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems
C)Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues
D)Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Question 13

The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to

A)the Greek word for "function."
B)the name of the first anatomist.
C)the Greek word for "cutting up."
D)the function of internal organs.

Question 14

The activities of an anatomist consist of ________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of ________.

A)observing body parts; studying functions of body parts
B)conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations
C)studying molecules; observing forms of the body parts
D)sketching; dissecting

Question 15

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)

A)anatomist.
B)physiologist.
C)chemist.
D)biochemist.

Question 16

The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates

A)circulation.
B)respiration.
C)responsiveness.
D)absorption.

Question 17

Assimilation is

A)changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms.
B)breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb.
C)eliminating waste from the body.
D)an increase in body size without a change in overall shape.

Question 18

Signs of aging at the cellular level are (Select all that apply) 

A)graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles.
B)unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.
C)impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.
D)a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.

Question 19

Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n)

A)organ system.
B)organ.
C)tissue.
D)molecule.

Question 20

Which of the following processes is most important to the continuation of the human species?

A)Responsiveness
B)Movement
C)Reproduction
D)Respiration

Question 21

Blood cells are produced in the organs of the ________system.

A)endocrine
B)skeletal
C)respiratory
D)muscular

Question 22

Living organisms use oxygen to ________.

A)reduce heat production
B)donate electrons for cellular metabolism
C)release energy stored in the molecules of food
D)remove metabolic wastes

Question 23

A parietal layer of a serous membrane ________, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane ________.

A)covers organs; lines cavities
B)lines cavities; covers organs
C)secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus
D)secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

Question 24

Which of the following diseases would originate in the abdominopelvic cavity? 

A)Asthma
B)Laryngitis
C)Myopia (near-sightedness)
D)Pancreatitis

Question 25

Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)is a condition that occurs when space forms between the lung and the wall of the pleural cavity. This space would be between ________. 

A)the parietal pleura and visceral pleura
B)parietal pleura and the visceral pericardium
C)visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium
D)parietal pericardium and the parietal pleura

Question 26

Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce

A)changes returning values toward a set point.
B)stable conditions around a set point.
C)unstable conditions.
D)long-term changes.

Question 27

Which of the following is not an example of a negative homeostatic mechanism in the human body?

A)Shivering when body temperature falls below normal
B)Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls
C)Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid
D)Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal

Question 28

Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires

A)positive feedback mechanisms.
B)an unstable outside environment.
C)decreased atmospheric pressure.
D)negative feedback mechanisms.

Question 29

Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism?

A)Maintaining blood pressure
B)Uterine contractions during childbirth
C)Body temperature control
D)Control of blood sugar

Question 30

Positive feedback mechanisms

A)cause long-term changes.
B)move conditions away from the normal state.
C)bring conditions back to the normal state.
D)usually produce stable conditions.

Question 31

Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?

A)Nitrogen
B)Wastes
C)Water
D)Carbon dioxide

Question 32

Which of the following is true concerning the female reproductive system?

A)It produces female sex cells.
B)It transports the female sex cells.
C)It can support the development of an embryo.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system?

A)The uterus
B)The uterine tube
C)The vulva
D)The bulbourethral gland

Question 34

Wrinkled and sagging skin results from

A)drinking too much water.
B)heredity only.
C)loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen.
D)excess subcutaneous fat.

Question 35

Which action is the main function of the digestive system?

A)Formation of cells
B)Movement of body parts
C)Absorption of nutrients
D)Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients

Question 36

In negative feedback mechanisms, changes away from the normal state

A)stimulate changes in the same direction.
B)inhibit all body reactions.
C)stimulate changes in the opposite direction.
D)stimulate a reduction in all requirements of the body.

Question 37

You accidentally cut your hand. Blood platelets in the area begin to attach to the broken blood vessels in the wound. What needs to happen next to create a positive feedback mechanism?

A)The platelets change shape to encourage more to rush in and stick to each other to form plugs over the broken vessels.
B)The action of platelets sticking to the broken area signals for blood to stop flowing to that area, stopping the bleeding.
C)The sensation of pain in your hand causes your muscles to jerk your hand away from the danger.
D)The platelets send signals to the brain to slow heart rate and slow the bleeding.

Question 38

Cell death first occurs

A)at age 60.
B)at age 50.
C)at puberty.
D)in the fetus.

Question 39

The thoracic cavity lies ________the abdominopelvic cavity.

A)dorsal (posterior)to
B)ventral (anterior)to
C)superior to
D)inferior to

Question 40

Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure ________.

A)decrease steadily
B)remain within certain limited ranges
C)increase when the body is stressed
D)fluctuate greatly between very high and low values

Question 41

A body has been sectioned in such a way that there is one whole lung per section and the urinary bladder has been split in half. What type of section is this?

A)Frontal
B)Transverse
C)Coronal
D)Sagittal

Question 42

Cells with similar functions aggregate into organelles.

Question 43

The anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology.

Question 44

Patterns of growth in preserved bones and tooth decay reflect the health of the people of which they were a part.

Question 45

The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the ________ region.

A)hypochondriac
B)iliac
C)hypogastric
D)epigastric

Question 46

Cadaver dissection is against the law in the United States.

Question 47

A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.

Question 48

Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from

A)Latin and Greek.
B)English and Italian.
C)picture drawings on the cave walls of our ancestors.
D)the language of hunter-gatherers.

Question 49

The chemical reaction of blood oxygenation is an example of a metabolic process.

Question 50

Organ systems consist of organs, which consist of tissues.

Question 51

We know all there is to know about the structure and function of the human body.

Question 52

One characteristic that centenarians share is

A)a high level of exercise throughout life.
B)long-lived relatives.
C)following the Mediterranean diet.
D)never having smoked.

Question 53

When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?

A)The head is facing to the front.
B)The palms are facing backward.
C)The body is erect.
D)The upper limbs are at the sides.

Question 54

The field of medicine arose as early healers abandoned superstition and ideas about magic and started using natural chemicals and wondering why they were effective at treating illness.

Question 55

Paired organs that are bilateral on the left-right plane of the body would be separated by a sagittal section.

Question 56

Magnetic resonance imaging uses

A)X-rays.
B)radio waves.
C)radioisotopes.
D)high-frequency sound waves.

Question 57

The transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle greatly changed the types of diseases and injuries that early peoples suffered.

Question 58

The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is

A)anterior.
B)proximal.
C)superficial.
D)superior.

Question 59

Macromolecules are built of atoms.

Question 60

Ultrasonography is most useful for diagnostic examination of

A)dense organs, such as bones.
B)air-filled organs, such as lungs.
C)soft internal structures, such as fetuses.
D)microscopic structures.

Question 61

Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide.

Question 62

Reproduction is the change in body characteristics over time.

Question 63

The parietal pleura is a visceral membrane.

Question 64

The elbow is distal to the wrist.

Question 65

The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems.

Question 66

Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of an unstable internal environment.

Question 67

Kidneys are part of the lymphatic system.

Question 68

Aging begins in the fetus.

Question 69

The ears are lateral to the eyes.

Question 70

The anatomical position is lying down, as a cadaver would be positioned.

Question 71

Chromosomes get longer as a cell ages.

Question 72

Ceroid pigments and lipofuscin accumulate with aging, impairing a cell's ability to withstand the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals.

Question 73

Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature.

Question 74

The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities.

Question 75

The digestive system filters wastes from the blood.

Question 76

The parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart.

Question 77

The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat.

Question 78

The following list accurately represents levels of organization in the body from smallest to
largest: nucleus → chromosome → liver cell→ liver epithelial tissue → liver→ digestive system

Question 79

The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis.

Question 80

Oxygen is the primary raw material for new living material.