Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

The sequence of organelles and cell parts involved in milk secretion is

A)cell membrane, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus.
B)nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane.
C)nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, cell membrane.
D)vesicles, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, cell membrane.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A cell is surrounded by an extremely thin, flexible membrane. Why is the membrane selectively permeable?

A)It allows all substances to pass through, making it easier to absorb nutrients.
B)It allows all organic substances to pass through, but excludes all inorganic substances that could be harmful.
C)It allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors.
D)It does not allow any substances to pass through as they could damage the cell.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Vesicles are formed from the

A)lysosomal membrane.
B)nuclear membrane.
C)cell membrane.
D)mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A young man who ran 6 miles a day throughout high school is injured during his first season running cross country in college. He must rest for three months and then gradually begin exercising again. The skeletal muscles in his lower limbs decrease in size during this prolonged period of inactivity. The organelles that break down his muscle proteins are

A)peroxisomes.
B)lysosomes.
C)centrosomes.
D)ribosomes.

Question 5

When you scrape your skin, white blood cells arrive to fight infection. To slow down near the site of the cut, they use selectin, which provides traction. Since selectin helps white blood cells bind to a surface, they are part of a protein group known as

A)cellular adhesion molecules.
B)integral proteins.
C)cellular binding molecules.
D)receptors.

Question 6

The body is made up of many different cell types, from small circular red blood cells to the elongated smooth muscle cells 20X its size. Why is there such variation in size and shape?

A)Different cell sizes are due to nutritional differences.
B)Different variations in size and shape allow differentiated cell types to perform unique functions.
C)Variations in cell shape and size are due to chromosomal differences between cells.
D)Cell size and shape does not vary among cell types.

Question 7

Cellular adhesion molecules are

A)peripheral proteins.
B)integral proteins.
C)lipids.
D)receptors.

Question 8

Buildup of incorrectly folded proteins induces a stress response known as unknown protein response (UPR)that, when prolonged, has a high correlation with neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinson's. which organelle Is likely malfunctioning and allowing for the buildup?

A)Mitochondrion
B)Vesicles
C)Nucleus
D)Lysosome

Question 9

ATP is used to power many cellular processes. Some genetic disorders are the result of defects in ATP creation. Which organelle is likely affected in these disorders?

A)Mitochondrion
B)Ribosome
C)Peroxisome
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 10

For which of the following organelles are the structure and function correctly described?

A)Endoplasmic reticulum-a network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals that packages protein molecules for secretion
B)Ribosomes-membranous vesicles containing digestive enzymes
C)Golgi apparatus-particles, composed of protein and RNA, which synthesize proteins
D)Mitochondrion-nonmembranous structure that synthesizes proteins

Question 11

About how many cells constitute the body of an adult?

A)50 to 100 million
B)50 to 100 billion
C)50 to 100 trillion
D)50 to 100 quadrillion

Question 12

The main function of cristae in mitochondria is to

A)supply enzymes for reactions.
B)increase chemical transport in mitochondria.
C)facilitate diffusion of substances into the mitochondria.
D)increase the surface area for chemical reactions.

Question 13

A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n)

A)receptor protein.
B)integral protein.
C)peripheral protein.
D)anchoring protein.

Question 14

Anderson's disease results in the failure to secrete large proteins called chylomicrons. Which organelle is most likely affected?

A)Nucleus
B)Lysosome
C)Vesicles
D)Mitochondrion

Question 15

The three major parts of a cell are

A)the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.
B)the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope.
C)microtubules, ribosomes, and centrosomes.
D)the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

Question 16

Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the membrane?

A)Phospholipid bilayer
B)Integral proteins
C)Polysaccharides
D)Carbohydrates

Question 17

Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a

A)component of the cytoskeleton.
B)cellular inclusion.
C)nuclear pore.
D)network of interconnected membranes.

Question 18

Which of the following describes a lysosome?

A)A double-membraned organelle that is the "powerhouse" of the cell
B)A complex network of interconnected membranes that is a communication system in the cell
C)A tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade worn cell parts and debris
D)A nonmembranous structure that is essential for mitosis

Question 19

The major components of the cell membrane are

A)lipids and carbohydrates.
B)proteins and carbohydrates.
C)lipids and proteins.
D)carbohydrates and polysaccharides.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane?

A)A solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules
B)A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move
C)Rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended
D)Three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates (and polysaccharides)on the outside

Question 21

What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share?

A)Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances.
B)Both move water across a semipermeable membrane.
C)Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane.
D)Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without using cellular energy.

Question 22

DNA molecules are in the nucleus

A)as free molecules.
B)complexed with protein, forming chromatin fibers.
C)complexed with protein, forming nucleoli.
D)complexed with protein on the nuclear envelope.

Question 23

Red blood cells are placed in a solution of 0.9% NaCl and no diffusion or osmosis is observed. This means that the solution is ________. 

A)isotonic
B)hypotonic
C)hypertonic
D)isertonic

Question 24

Cells are placed in a solution that causes them to absorb liquid until they burst. When more water is removed from the solution, newly added cells do not burst. The original solutions was ________ , while the second was ________ to the cells. 

A)isotonic; hypotonic
B)isotonic; hypertonic
C)hypotonic; isotonic
D)hypertonic; isotonic

Question 25

When there is a surplus of dietary carbohydrates, they are converted to lipids through lipogenesis. Where are they synthesized?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D)Mitochondria

Question 26

Salt is placed in a glass of water. Slowly the salt begins to even out in concentration due to what factor?

A)Distance gradient
B)Distance vector
C)Concentration vector
D)Concentration gradient

Question 27

The function of the nucleus is to

A)direct the activities of the cell.
B)form mitochondria.
C)transfer energy.
D)provide cell shape.

Question 28

The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration requires

A)osmotic pressure.
B)hydrostatic pressure.
C)atmospheric pressure.
D)barometric pressure.

Question 29

During cell division, the chromosomes did not separate properly. This likely means that the centrioles failed to attach to what structure?

A)Centrosome
B)Cilia
C)Nucleus
D)Microtubules

Question 30

If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution,

A)the cell will shrink.
B)only permeable substances will leave; but concentrations in the cell do not change.
C)the cell will remain the same size and shape.
D)the cell will swell and may eventually burst.

Question 31

The nucleolus contains

A)DNA only.
B)RNA and protein.
C)DNA and protein.
D)RNA only.

Question 32

If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside,

A)water will enter the cell by osmosis.
B)water will leave the cell by osmosis.
C)glucose will enter the cell by osmosis.
D)glucose will leave the cell by osmosis.

Question 33

Cytoskeletal structures that are not found in all cell types are

A)microtubules.
B)microfilaments.
C)myofibrils.
D)intermediate filaments.

Question 34

Osmosis is the movement of

A)molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.
B)water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute.
C)water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a lower concentration of impermeant solute.
D)ions from a low pressure region to a high pressure region through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 35

Which of following does not influence the rate of molecular movement? 

A)Distance
B)The concentration of the substance
C)The amount of energy available for transport molecules
D)The molecular weight of the diffusing molecules

Question 36

Which organelle contains the nucleolus?

A)The mitochondrion
B)The endoplasmic reticulum
C)The Golgi apparatus
D)The nucleus

Question 37

If cells placed in a solution shrivel up, the solution is ________.

A)hypertonic
B)hypotonic
C)isotonic
D)isertonic

Question 38

What is the relationship of osmotic pressure to the number of solute particles in a solution?

A)The lower the number of impermeant solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.
B)The greater the number of impermeant solute particles, the lower the osmotic pressure.
C)The greater the osmotic pressure, the lower the number of impermeant solute particles.
D)The greater the number of impermeant solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

Question 39

An isotonic solution

A)has a greater concentration of impermeant solute than a cell.
B)has more water entering than leaving a cell.
C)has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution.
D)causes a cell to shrink.

Question 40

A hypotonic solution

A)has a lower concentration (number)of impermeant solute than do the cells in the solution.
B)would cause cells in the solution to lose water.
C)has a higher osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution.
D)causes cells to shrink.

Question 41

Coffee grounds are mixed with water before being placed in a funnel filter. The large grounds remain in the filter, but the small particles pass through

A)from low concentration to high concentration.
B)from low hydrostatic pressure to high hydrostatic pressure.
C)by hydrostatic pressure that is greater on one side of the membrane than on the other.
D)from low osmotic pressure to high osmotic pressure.

Question 42

Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of

A)pinocytosis.
B)phagocytosis.
C)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D)exocytosis.

Question 43

A researcher has been studying genes that result in abnormal cell growth and has linked them to cancer. What two types of genes is the researcher studying?

A)Kinases and cyclins
B)Oncosuppressors and tumor activators
C)Metastatic activators and apoptosis stimulators
D)Tumor suppressors and oncogenes

Question 44

The average number of divisions that a human cell cultured in a dish can undergo is

A)10-20.
B)30-40.
C)40-60.
D)60-100.

Question 45

Centromeres of replicated chromosomes separate during mitotic

A)prophase.
B)metaphase.
C)anaphase.
D)telophase.

Question 46

Chloride ions follow the concentration gradient, but require a membrane protein for passage. Which transport method is occurring?

A)Diffusion
B)Active transport
C)Pinocytosis
D)Facilitated diffusion

Question 47

Researchers in a lab are working with a form of stem cells that can divide and give rise to any cell type, allowing them to research development. This cell type is known as

A)pluripotent.
B)multipotent.
C)totipotent.
D)a differentiated cell.

Question 48

The structures in the nucleus that serve as a "mitotic clock" are

A)telomeres.
B)kinases.
C)ribosomes.
D)hormones.

Question 49

In phagocytosis

A)a cell membrane engulfs solid particles.
B)a particle enters a cell by moving down its concentration gradient.
C)a cell membrane engulfs droplets.
D)a carrier molecule moves a substance across a cell membrane using ATP.

Question 50

Which stages have double the amount of chromosomal DNA compared to stage G1?

A)G2
B)Prophase
C)Metaphase
D)Apoptosis

Question 51

The defining characteristic of a stem cell is

A)self-repair.
B)self-renewal.
C)the ability to turn into a cancer cell.
D)origin from a progenitor cell.

Question 52

Chromosomes duplicate during

A)prophase.
B)interphase.
C)metaphase.
D)telophase.

Question 53

Programmed cell death occurs during development, including the removal of webbing between fingers of the fetus. This process is known as

A)cell specialization.
B)apoptosis.
C)mitosis.
D)cell differentiation.

Question 54

If a human cell has 23 chromosomes, it likely just finished

A)mitosis.
B)meiosis.
C)cytokinesis.
D)osmosis.

Question 55

Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because

A)each expresses a different subset of genes.
B)each has different genes.
C)each has different chromosomes.
D)they express the same subset of genes.

Question 56

A temporary cell that is no longer useful for development undergoes preprogrammed cell death. During this process,

A)chromosomes join.
B)the cytoskeleton forms large, complex structures.
C)mitochondria merge.
D)the cell can no longer adhere to other cells.

Question 57

Tara discovers a rapidly growing lump that doubles in size over a month. A doctor does a biopsy and discovers it's a form of cancer, which can result if

A)mitosis is too infrequent.
B)mitosis is too frequent.
C)the cell cycle stops.
D)the cell cycle runs backward.

Question 58

Following the nomenclature for cells, what type of cells take in solid particles like bacteria?

A)Phagozyme
B)Phagase
C)Phagocyte
D)Phagosome

Question 59

As a cell grows,

A)the relationship between its surface area and volume remains unchanged.
B)its surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume.
C)its volume increases to a lesser degree than its surface area.
D)its requirement for nutrients increases to a lesser degree than its requirement for oxygen.

Question 60

Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order:

A)differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis, interphase.
B)interphase, differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis.
C)interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation.
D)mitosis, interphase, cytoplasmic division, differentiation.

Question 61

The cellular abnormality that causes cystic fibrosis is

A)absence of the ability to feel pain.
B)abnormal chloride channels that trap salt inside cells lining the lung passageways.
C)abnormal potassium channels in heart muscle.
D)extra receptors for a growth factor.

Question 62

Some types of active transport use energy provided by ATP molecules.

Question 63

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum does not.

Question 64

If a nerve cell has a greater concentration of Na⁺ on the outside the cell membrane, compared to inside, then the movement of Na⁺ outside is by diffusion.

Question 65

Peroxisomes and lysosomes are sacs that contain enzymes.

Question 66

Some people cannot be infected with HIV because

A)they are already infected.
B)their cells lack receptors that admit the virus.
C)their cells have extra receptors for HIV.
D)they were vaccinated.

Question 67

Chromatin consists of DNA and protein.

Question 68

Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move.

Question 69

Energy is stored in ATP molecules in ribosomes.

Question 70

Cytoplasm is located between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope.

Question 71

Adrenoleukodystrophy is caused by deficiency of a protein in the outer membrane of

A)cells.
B)lysosomes.
C)mitochondria.
D)peroxisomes.

Question 72

Facilitated diffusion moves a substance following its concentration gradient, with the aid of a carrier protein.

Question 73

The framework of a cell membrane is a lipid bilayer.

Question 74

A cell that secretes abundant proteins would have many nucleoli.

Question 75

The Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum take part in secretion.

Question 76

The nucleus is in the nucleolus.

Question 77

Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton.

Question 78

Stem cells taken from a person to be used to treat a disease in that same person come from

A)embryos or fetuses.
B)the person or a blood relative.
C)existing cell populations or reprogrammed cells.
D)two different cell types.

Question 79

Certain white blood cells take in bacterial cells by phagocytosis.

Question 80

Proteins are manufactured in mitochondria.