Deck 6: Integumentary System

Question 1

Skin cells play an important role in producing

A)vitamin A.
B)vitamin B.
C)vitamin C.
D)vitamin D.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of

A)melanin.
B)carotene.
C)hemoglobin.
D)cyanin.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What determines the color of skin?

A)The number of melanocytes in the epidermis
B)The thickness of the epidermis
C)The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce
D)The density of hair

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The dermis is composed largely of

A)stratified columnar epithelium.
B)dense regular connective tissue.
C)stratified squamous epithelium.
D)dense irregular connective tissue.

Question 5

The melanocytes in very dark skin

A)are more abundant than they are in light skin.
B)contain single, large, pigment granules.
C)lack pigment but shrivel up and turn black.
D)contain many small pigment granules.

Question 6

In a condition called incontinentia pigmenti, the skin has deep dark splotches, due to melanin that seeps down into the dermis. Normally, melanin is confined to the

A)epidermis.
B)basement membrane.
C)papillae.
D)hair.

Question 7

The functions of skin include

A)acting as a protective covering.
B)housing sensory receptors.
C)regulating body temperature.
D)all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 8

The subcutaneous layer consists of

A)epithelial tissue.
B)areolar and adipose tissue.
C)epithelial tissue and areolar tissue.
D)adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.

Question 9

Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called

A)subcutaneous.
B)intradermal.
C)intramuscular.
D)hypodermic.

Question 10

The human integumentary system includes

A)skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
B)the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
C)bones and muscles.
D)only one type of tissue.

Question 11

An organ consists of

A)skin and bones.
B)two or more tissues grouped together that function together.
C)at least four tissues grouped together that function together.
D)one variety of each of the four tissue types.

Question 12

If a nerve blocker were injected into the dermis, which structures would be primarily affected?

A)Hair, melanocytes, and pores
B)Bone, tendons, and muscles
C)Fingernails and toenails
D)Muscles, glands, and sensory receptors

Question 13

Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

A)The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis.
B)The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
C)The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.
D)The dermis contains smooth muscle and nervous tissue.

Question 14

The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much

A)collagen.
B)carotene.
C)cyanin.
D)melanin.

Question 15

In the inherited disease ichthyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as skin normally does. The part of the skin that is affected is the

A)epidermis.
B)basement membrane.
C)dermis.
D)subcutaneous layer.

Question 16

The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum granulosum.
C)stratum spinosum.
D)stratum basale.

Question 17

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,

A)they divide continually.
B)their supply of nutrients improves.
C)they die.
D)they become dermal cells.

Question 18

Blood vessels in the ________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients.

A)epidermis
B)dermis
C)stratum basale
D)hair follicle

Question 19

Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with

A)hair, melanocytes, and pores.
B)bone, tendons, and muscles.
C)fingernails and toenails.
D)muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.

Question 20

Epidermis is ________, whereas dermis is ________.

A)the innermost layer of the skin; under the epidermis
B)largely composed of dense connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
C)the outermost layer of the skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
D)composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes

Question 21

Eumelanin and pheomelanin are

A)reddish-yellow and brownish-black pigments, respectively.
B)brownish-black and reddish-yellow pigments, respectively.
C)types of keratin.
D)present in excess in a person with albinism.

Question 22

The nail plate is produced by

A)bone cells.
B)fibroblasts.
C)melanocytes.
D)specialized epithelial cells.

Question 23

Corns are

A)areas of white skin pigmentation.
B)scaly scalp areas.
C)keratinized conical masses on toes.
D)growths emanating from the nostrils.

Question 24

Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin blisters in response to any touch?

A)The skin has too many melanocytes that produce too much melanin.
B)Melanocytes cannot produce melanin.
C)Collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down.
D)The skin layers are reversed.

Question 25

The epidermis is about ________ mm thick and the dermis is about ________ mm thick.

A)1)0 to 2.0; 0.07 to 0.12
B)0)07 to 0.12; 1.0 to 2.0
C)3)0 to 4.0; 5.0 to 6.0
D)0)01 to 0.10; 0.10 to 1.0

Question 26

You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin with a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel, you would find skin cells. They are most likely

A)subcutaneous layer cells.
B)from the dermis.
C)keratinized epidermal cells.
D)fibroblasts.

Question 27

In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent.

A)stratum lucidum
B)stratum granulosum
C)stratum corneum
D)stratum basale

Question 28

Two thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the jewelry, and an officer explains on the evening news that fingerprints were obtained from the back of a watch. The thieves, whose prints are not on file, believe that they can escape prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their fingerpads, so as not to be a match for the fingerprints on the watch. They are wrong because

A)the prints arise from the subcutaneous layer, which is not destroyed.
B)the prints arise from friction ridges of the dermis, which are not destroyed.
C)the epidermis will regrow the friction ridges in a day.
D)the friction ridges will not grow back in the same pattern.

Question 29

Melanocytes transfer melanin granules to

A)mast cells.
B)nearby keratinocytes.
C)macrophages.
D)the subcutaneous layer.

Question 30

The hardness of a nail comes from

A)carotene.
B)collagen.
C)calcium.
D)keratin.

Question 31

After a severe burn, new skin may grow outward from the hair follicles. New growth begins here because

A)the hair follicles are very resistant to fire and heat.
B)a person has many hair follicles.
C)a hair follicle contains stem cells in the bulb region.
D)the hair follicles are located in the subcutaneous layer.

Question 32

The subcutaneous layer is

A)made of squamous epithelium.
B)part of the basement membrane.
C)between the epidermis and the dermis.
D)not part of the skin.

Question 33

A nail consists of

A)dense connective tissue.
B)bone.
C)a nail bed and nail plate.
D)collagen and elastin.

Question 34

The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the

A)epidermis.
B)basement membrane.
C)dermis.
D)subcutaneous layer.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation?

A)Massaging the skin
B)Eating foods rich in protein
C)Providing adequate fluid intake
D)Maintaining one body position

Question 36

Shafts of hair are composed of

A)living dermal cells.
B)dead epidermal cells.
C)living epidermal cells.
D)dead dermal cells.

Question 37

The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate

A)blood vessels in the epidermis.
B)muscles and glands in the dermis.
C)melanocytes in the epidermis.
D)fat cells in the subcutaneous layer.

Question 38

Reddened skin reflects

A)dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis.
B)eating too many carrots.
C)inheriting extra melanin.
D)constricted blood vessels with more blood entering the epidermis.

Question 39

Which of the following describes the epidermis?

A)Retains water in deeper skin layers
B)Keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens
C)Protects the skin against mechanical injury
D)All of the answer choices are correct

Question 40

Accessory structures of the skin originate from the

A)epidermis.
B)basement membrane.
C)dermis.
D)subcutaneous layer.

Question 41

Eccrine sweat glands

A)are most common in the armpits and groin.
B)respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
C)respond primarily to emotional stress.
D)usually are associated with hair follicles.

Question 42

Sebaceous glands secrete

A)fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum.
B)hormones.
C)sweat in the armpits.
D)mucus.

Question 43

Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include

A)homeless people exposed to the outdoors.
B)the very old and the very young.
C)very thin people.
D)all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 44

The arrector pili muscles are attached to

A)nail beds.
B)sebaceous glands.
C)the hypodermis.
D)hair follicles.

Question 45

Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment?

A)Dermal blood vessels constrict.
B)Sweat glands become active.
C)Smooth muscles relax.
D)Dermal blood vessels dilate.

Question 46

Inflammation makes skin

A)red, swollen, and painful to touch.
B)cool and clammy.
C)secrete abundant antibodies.
D)peel off.

Question 47

Body heat is lost primarily by

A)conduction.
B)convection.
C)evaporation.
D)radiation.

Question 48

Once a scab has formed, what happens next?

A)phagocytic cells remove dead material.
B)the scab sloughs off.
C)fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.
D)blood vessels send out new branches under the scab.

Question 49

Gray hair is

A)caused by a pigment, pseudomelanin.
B)a mixture of red and brown hairs.
C)a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented hairs.
D)a form of albinism.

Question 50

A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop

A)fatigue and dizziness.
B)heat exhaustion.
C)headache, muscle cramps, and nausea.
D)all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 51

Inflammation

A)is a type of infection.
B)is a result of exposure to very low temperatures.
C)is a normal response to stress or injury.
D)is an abnormal response to injury or stress.

Question 52

The skin dissipates excess body heat by

A)dilating dermal blood vessels.
B)activating eccrine sweat glands.
C)radiation.
D)all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 53

Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the

A)forehead.
B)axilla.
C)neck.
D)palms of the hands.

Question 54

Hypothermia is

A)associated with exercising vigorously in the heat.
B)accompanied by fever.
C)a lowered body temperature.
D)a form of hair loss.

Question 55

Milk and ear wax

A)are not secretions.
B)are secreted from modified sweat glands.
C)are secreted from modified sebaceous glands.
D)are in the blood.

Question 56

A burn affecting only the epidermis is a

A)superficial partial-thickness burn.
B)deep partial-thickness burn.
C)second-degree burn.
D)third-degree burn.

Question 57

Sweat cools the body by

A)convection.
B)conduction.
C)evaporation.
D)radiation.

Question 58

A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by

A)radiation.
B)evaporation.
C)conduction.
D)convection.

Question 59

The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed mainly of

A)blood clots.
B)phagocytic cells.
C)fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels.
D)scar tissue.

Question 60

Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands

A)in type of secretion.
B)in their location.
C)in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles.
D)all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 61

Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma?

A)A light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends and does not use sunblock because he likes to be tan
B)An eighty-year-old who spends most of her time indoors
C)A twenty-two-year-old college student who is outdoors often and uses sunblock
D)A black woman who spends most of her time in her office

Question 62

A future treatment for baldness may potentially be

A)head massages.
B)high protein shakes.
C)scalp transplants.
D)stimulation of stem cells from the hair bulb of hair follicles.

Question 63

The flexible proteins that link the cell membranes of squamous epithelial cells in skin are

A)cadherins.
B)collagens.
C)cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs).
D)keratins.

Question 64

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing

A)heart disease.
B)diabetes.
C)skin cancer.
D)glaucoma.

Question 65

As a person ages, the skin typically becomes

A)thicker.
B)more opaque.
C)more elastic.
D)spotted with patches of pigment.

Question 66

A man donates part of his liver to his daughter, who suffers from cystic fibrosis. This procedure is a(n)

A)xenograft.
B)autograft.
C)allograft.
D)isograft.

Question 67

In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the

A)depth of the burn.
B)surface area of the burn.
C)degree and source of the burn.
D)type of scar that will form.

Question 68

The advantage of cryo-electron tomography is that it

A)enables cells to divide continually.
B)is cheaper than other methods.
C)provides a static view of the skin.
D)preserves intercellular junctions.

Question 69

Mira Dry is a cosmetic procedure where the underarm areas are microwaved. After this procedure, patients notice a drastic reduction in both the usual foul smell of body odor and wetness from regular sweating. Hair structures remain unaffected. According to these results, what structures must be damaged?

A)Eccrine sweat glands
B)Eccrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands
C)Eccrine and apocrine sweat glands
D)Sebaceous glands

Question 70

Skin cancer is most likely to develop from

A)pigmented epithelial cells.
B)pigmented melanocytes.
C)nonpigmented epithelial cells.
D)nonpigmented melanocytes.

Question 71

Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by regular exposure to

A)X-rays.
B)gamma radiation.
C)ultraviolet light.
D)mutagenic chemicals.

Question 72

Skin wrinkles with age because

A)collagen degrades in the subcutaneous layer as the epidermis shrinks.
B)fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks.
C)the number of sweat glands diminishes.
D)epidermal cells undergo a burst of cell division.

Question 73

Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperature because

A)they sweat excessively.
B)their sebaceous glands become overactive.
C)the number of sweat glands diminishes.
D)the skin becomes too oily.

Question 74

We enjoy sunbathing because it stimulates keratinocytes to release

A)beta endorphin.
B)collagen.
C)carotene.
D)keratin.

Question 75

Acne is a disorder of the

A)sweat glands.
B)hair follicles.
C)sebaceous glands.
D)apocrine glands.

Question 76

Cutaneous melanomas are associated with

A)short exposure to high-intensity sunlight.
B)prolonged exposure to low-intensity sunlight.
C)occasional exposure to X-rays.
D)exposure to background radiation.

Question 77

A woman undergoes coronary bypass surgery, in which a blood vessel from her leg is moved to her heart, where it supplements the blood supply following a heart attack. This procedure is a(n)

A)xenograft.
B)autograft.
C)allograft.
D)isograft.

Question 78

A new tattoo artist is doing their first tattoo. Being nervous, they don't adjust the needle depth setting on the tattoo machine properly and this causes the ink to barely reach the dermis. The ink is only deposited into the dermis in some spots, while much of it is deposited into the lower layers of the epidermis. What will happen to the tattoo?

A)The tattoo won't show through the layers of the skin.
B)In about a month or so, the areas where the ink penetrated only the epidermis will be gone.
C)The tattoo will be perfectly fine.
D)The ink will bleed and the tattoo will be blurry, but the ink will be retained.

Question 79

An autograft covers an injured area of skin with

A)skin from a person other than the patient.
B)a skin substitute, such as an artificial membrane.
C)skin from a skin bank.
D)skin from an uninjured region of the patient's body.

Question 80

Fever is

A)a result of inflammation.
B)due to exposure to heat.
C)a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically in response to infection.
D)a special case of hypothermia in which body temperature falls to protect the core from infection.