Deck 14: Blood

Question 1

The formed elements in the blood are

A)mostly red blood cells.
B)mostly white blood cells.
C)mostly platelets.
D)about equal numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

"Formed elements" are

A)sodium and potassium.
B)blood cells and platelets.
C)serum and plasma.
D)blood and lymph.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into

A)iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is eventually converted to bilirubin.
B)iron and the bile pigment bilirubin, which is eventually converted to biliverdin.
C)iron and interleukins.
D)serum and plasma proteins.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A condition occurs where the number of basophils in the blood drastically decreases. Which of the following would directly result from the loss of basophils?

A)Bacteria and fungi would not be phagocytized and removed from an infected tissue.
B)Tumors and microorganisms would not be directly attacked by T cells.
C)Increased susceptibility to parasitic infections and loss of allergic responses would occur.
D)Wound areas won't produce an inflammatory reaction and attract an immune response from defensive leukocytes.

Question 5

The familiar brown color of human feces comes primarily from the orange-colored product of red blood cell breakdown that has been secreted in the bile and has become brown as it travels through the intestines. Which product contributes to this color?

A)Biliverdin
B)Degraded platelets
C)Bilirubin
D)Ferritin

Question 6

The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the

A)white blood cells.
B)red blood cells.
C)platelets.
D)macrophages.

Question 7

The normal white blood cell count is ________ cells per microliter of blood.

A)500
B)4,500
C)45,000
D)5,000,000

Question 8

Vitamin B₁₂ is poorly absorbed in the absence of

A)folic acid.
B)erythropoietin.
C)intrinsic factor.
D)extrinsic factor.

Question 9

A primary function of lymphocytes is to

A)phagocytize damaged cells.
B)produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots.
C)release substances that initiate blood clots.
D)act against foreign substances.

Question 10

Leukopenia is a disorder resulting from conditions like HIV and aplastic anemia that causes levels of white blood cells to drop below the normal standard. Which of the following white blood cell counts suggests leukopenia?

A)5,000 WBCs per microliter of blood
B)3,000 WBCs per microliter of blood
C)3,900 WBCs per microliter of blood
D)10,000 WBCs per microliter of blood

Question 11

Hematocrit is

A)the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample.
B)a disease.
C)a clotting factor.
D)the color of plasma.

Question 12

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about

A)15%.
B)30%.
C)45%.
D)60%.

Question 13

Blood volume varies with

A)body fat content.
B)bone density.
C)muscle mass.
D)strength of nervous signals.

Question 14

Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of red blood cells. Biliverdin is ________ in color and bilirubin is ________ in color.

A)greenish; purple
B)greenish; orange
C)black; red
D)brownish; orange

Question 15

Which two mature blood cell types descend from myeloblasts?

A)T cells and B cells
B)Erythrocytes and platelets
C)Neutrophils and basophils
D)Monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 16

While looking at a sample of blood in a microscope, you see a purple-stained cell that is markedly larger than a red blood cell (about two to three times larger). It has a large kidney-shaped nucleus. What type of blood cell is this?

A)A monocyte
B)An eosinophil
C)A basophil
D)A neutrophil

Question 17

Which is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood cell?

A)Hematopoietic stem cell, erythrocyte, hematoblast, erythroblast
B)Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, erythrocyte, reticulocyte
C)Hematopoietic stem cell, hemocytoblast, erythrocyte, erythroblast
D)Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Question 18

Which of the following are agranulocytes?

A)Basophils
B)Eosinophils
C)Neutrophils
D)Monocytes

Question 19

Platelets are best described as

A)giant, multinucleated cells.
B)immature leukocytes.
C)cytoplasmic fragments of cells.
D)lymphoid cells.

Question 20

A patient comes to the hospital with a suspected case of MRSA (a dangerous bacterial infection). Which of the following blood components would you expect to show elevated numbers in a blood test?

A)Red blood cells
B)Eosinophils
C)Neutrophils
D)Monocytes

Question 21

Athletes abuse erythropoeitin (EPO)because it

A)increases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells.
B)decreases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells.
C)increases the red blood cell supply, which depletes oxygen from muscle cells.
D)increases the white blood cell supply, which prevents infection.

Question 22

Blood vessel spasms following an injury are stimulated by

A)parasympathetic impulses.
B)the formation of a fibrin clot.
C)serotonin released from platelets.
D)the release of heparin from eosinophils.

Question 23

Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of

A)deoxyhemoglobin.
B)oxyhemoglobin.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)carbon monoxide.

Question 24

The proteins that B cells produce that attack foreign molecules are

A)MHC complexes.
B)interleukins.
C)lymphocytes.
D)antibodies.

Question 25

Pus is composed of

A)neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
B)bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells.
C)mucus, sputum, and platelets.
D)water, serum, and fibers.

Question 26

Which of the following formed elements releases serotonin?

A)Erythrocytes
B)Platelets
C)Neutrophils
D)Basophils

Question 27

Alice has iron deficiency anemia. She takes iron supplements as instructed by a doctor, but the symptoms of her disease persist. After talking to her doctor, she discovers that a certain substance she drinks frequently is stopping her iron supplements from being effective. Which of the following is most likely the drink affecting her iron absorbance?

A)Milk
B)Tea
C)Coffee
D)Wine

Question 28

Which of the following are most active as phagocytes?

A)Erythrocytes
B)Neutrophils
C)Basophils
D)Eosinophils

Question 29

Sickle cell disease is caused by

A)a lack of dietary iron.
B)a lack of intrinsic factor.
C)an excess of hemoglobin.
D)a mutation.

Question 30

Hydroxyurea treats sickle cell disease by

A)activating production of hemoglobin normally produced only in a fetus.
B)removing sickled cells.
C)stimulating hematopoietic stem cells.
D)transfusing new blood.

Question 31

Diapedesis is

A)the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes.
B)filling of red blood cells with hemoglobin.
C)movements of white blood cells out of the circulation.
D)squeezing of red blood cells through narrow capillaries.

Question 32

Blood platelets

A)form from lymphoid stem cells.
B)release serotonin.
C)number from 3,500 to 10,500 per microliter blood.
D)release histamine.

Question 33

The form of anemia caused by lack of dietary iron is

A)pernicious anemia.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)hemolytic anemia.
D)iron deficiency anemia.

Question 34

Which plasma protein is accurately described?

A)Albumin-blood clot formation
B)Gamma globulin-maintaining blood osmotic pressure
C)Fibrinogen-transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
D)Beta globulins-transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 35

Heparin prevents blood clotting by

A)binding to calcium ions.
B)interfering with the formation of thrombin and fibrinogen.
C)inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.
D)depleting the blood of platelets.

Question 36

What is the substance in tea that binds iron, reducing the amount absorbed?

A)Ascorbic acid
B)Caffeine
C)Folic acid
D)Tannic acid

Question 37

As a result of starvation or a protein-deficient diet, blood protein concentration

A)increases and water accumulates in tissue spaces.
B)decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces.
C)increases and water accumulates in cells.
D)decreases and water accumulates in cells.

Question 38

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances include

A)cholesterol.
B)red blood cells.
C)creatinine.
D)calcium ions.

Question 39

What occurs with edema?

A)The body shrivels from dehydration.
B)Tissues swell with fluid.
C)Blood clots form inappropriately.
D)Monocytes dominate the blood.

Question 40

Plasma electrolytes include

A)bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions.
B)monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils.
C)fibrinogen, globulins, and albumin.
D)creatinine, urea, and uric acid.

Question 41

Marianne has small, bruise-like spots on her skin and a low platelet count. These blemishes are most likely

A)pinpricks.
B)blood blisters.
C)petechiae.
D)hematomas.

Question 42

The final step in the formation of a blood clot is

A)the formation of prothrombin activator.
B)the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.
C)the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by prothrombin activator.
D)tissue damage.

Question 43

After chemotherapy, a patient notices that they bleed readily and excessively when they injure themselves. They also begin to notice small red spots resembling tiny bruises all over certain areas of their body. Which of the following conditions do these symptoms suggest?

A)Anemia
B)Thrombocytopenia
C)Leukemia
D)Hemophilia

Question 44

The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces

A)antigens A and B.
B)antigen A only.
C)antigen B only.
D)neither antigens A nor B.

Question 45

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of

A)fibrinogen to fibrin.
B)fibrin to fibrinogen.
C)thrombin to prothrombin.
D)vitamin K to prothrombin.

Question 46

The release of tissue thromboplastin initiates

A)the intrinsic clotting mechanism.
B)the extrinsic clotting mechanism.
C)platelet plug formation.
D)hemolysis.

Question 47

Tom has a condition in which the endothelial lining of his blood vessels cannot secrete prostacyclin (PGI₂). How will this affect his blood?

A)Because prostacyclin is a clotting factor that encourages formation of platelet plugs, bleeding will not be slowed.
B)Prostacyclin is involved in the activation of prothrombin, so the process of clotting will not be complete.
C)Prostacyclin is a clot-dissolving enzyme, so clots will not be broken down and Tom will be at risk for an embolism or thrombosis.
D)Because prostacyclin prevents platelets from sticking to the inside of healthy blood vessels, Tom will experience clotting and general narrowing of the blood vessels.

Question 48

A man is taking a prescription blood thinner. His doctor informs him that if he sustains a minor injury, he needs to take vitamin K supplements to help prevent excessive bleeding and related complications. Why would vitamin K be required in this situation?

A)Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin.
B)Vitamin K is used to make hemoglobin.
C)Vitamin K is required for leukocyte function in immunity.
D)Vitamin K is a clotting factor.

Question 49

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

A)Plasma contains calcium; serum does not.
B)Plasma does not have blood cells; serum does.
C)Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not.
D)Plasma contains albumin; serum does not.

Question 50

The distribution of ABO blood types among Korean Americans differs markedly from that of Native Americans in that

A)Native Americans have about equal frequency of types O, A, and B, with 10% AB, whereas Korean Americans have mostly type O, with type AB very rare.
B)nearly all Korean Americans are blood types A or B.
C)nearly all Native Americans are type AB, with very few type O.
D)Korean Americans have about equal frequency of types O, A, and B, with 10% AB, whereas Native Americans have mostly type O, with type AB very rare.

Question 51

A child is born with a genetic mutation in which the plasminogen protein is absent in blood plasma. How will this affect hemostasis?

A)Plasminogen activates Factor III to begin the extrinsic clotting mechanism, so clotting will be prevented.
B)Blood clots will not be dissolved because plasminogen becomes a clot-dissolving substance.
C)Clotting will be prevented because plasminogen activates Hageman Factor to begin the intrinsic clotting mechanism.
D)Plasminogen causes platelets to adhere to collagen in the broken surfaces of blood vessels, so the platelet plug will not form.

Question 52

Which is the rarest ABO blood type in the United States?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O

Question 53

Hemophilia is a disorder in which bleeding is severe and prolonged due to a lack of clotting factor VIII. The factor activation cascade is interrupted at the Factor IX activation step. Which pathway is inhibited by this interruption?

A)The extrinsic clotting mechanism
B)The Hageman mechanism
C)The prothrombin clotting mechanism
D)The intrinsic clotting mechanism

Question 54

Which of the following is not required for the formation of a blood clot?

A)Calcium
B)Fibrinogen
C)Vitamin K
D)Albumin

Question 55

A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is a(n)

A)aneurysm.
B)embolus.
C)thrombus.
D)platelet plug.

Question 56

Thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of

A)vitamin K.
B)platelets.
C)leukocytes.
D)factor VII.

Question 57

As a platelet plug forms, platelets release

A)collagen.
B)creatine.
C)serotonin.
D)fibrin.

Question 58

A patient experiencing pain, nausea, and lack of urination goes to the hospital and is given a blood test. The test reveals high amounts of nonprotein nitrogenous substances in the blood plasma, particularly urea. Which of the following organs is most likely malfunctioning?

A)Liver
B)Heart
C) Kidneys
D)Small intestine

Question 59

A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching

A)a lung through a pulmonary artery.
B)a lung through a pulmonary vein.
C)the heart through a pulmonary artery.
D)the heart through a pulmonary vein.

Question 60

Prothrombin time is a blood test used to evaluate

A)intravascular clotting.
B)the Hageman factor.
C)extrinsic clotting mechanism.
D)intrinsic clotting mechanism.

Question 61

Stacy has been tired and bruising easily, and she's had three respiratory infections in the past few months. She has also had headaches and a few nosebleeds. A physician should check her for

A)erythroblastosis fetalis.
B)leukemia.
C)sickle cell disease.
D)edema.

Question 62

In leukemia,

A)the blood has too many immature leukocytes.
B)the body doesn't produce enough red blood cells.
C)red blood cells become occupied by parasites.
D)red blood cells are misshapen and become lodged in capillaries.

Question 63

A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.

Question 64

Two substances that are useful for dissolving blood clots are

A)thrombus and embolus.
B)urokinase and streptokinase.
C)factor IV and factor XII.
D)calcium ions and prothrombin activator.

Question 65

Which of the following elements is included in hemoglobin molecules?

A)Cobalt
B)Iron
C)Copper
D)Iodine

Question 66

A person with type AB blood can successfully receive blood from

A)only one of the blood types.
B)only two of the blood types.
C)only type O blood.
D)all blood types.

Question 67

Plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not.

Question 68

Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample?

A)Monocytes
B)Eosinophils
C)Basophils
D)Neutrophils

Question 69

A patient is suffering from a condition requiring multiple blood transfusions. They have type A blood and their first transfusion was perfectly successful. However, their second transfusion of type A blood causes them to become very ill and observation of their blood reveals agglutination. What has happened to cause their second transfusion to fail?

A)The blood used in the first transfusion contained Rh antigens, which caused the patient to produce anti-Rh antibodies and attack the blood from the second transfusion.
B)They have developed a sensitivity to A antigens after being exposed to the first transfusion.
C)The second transfusion must have had anti-A antibodies, which began attacking their blood.
D)The blood used in the second transfusion must have come from a pregnant woman with Rh-negative blood.

Question 70

What percentage of the US population is Rh negative?

A)1)5% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans
B)5% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans
C)15% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans
D)25% of the total population

Question 71

The most important action of plasma albumin is

A)acting as antibodies of immunity.
B)transporting lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
C)serving as energy sources.
D)helping maintain colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 72

Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors.

Question 73

Vitamin B₁₂ is important for the production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of intrinsic factor.

Question 74

You see a program on TV about deep vein thrombosis and are afraid you might develop it, as you take a medication that increases the risk of blood clots. What is something you can do to reduce the risk of experiencing a deep vein thrombosis?

A)Avoid prolonged periods of staying still in one position.
B)Stop use of oral antibiotics like tetracycline.
C)Stop excessive consumption of vitamin K.
D)Avoid over exertive and too-frequent bouts of exercise.

Question 75

Universal precautions are

A)specific measures that astronauts take in space to avoid leaving microorganisms beyond the Earth.
B)specific measures that health-care workers should take to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace.
C)rules used to avoid mismatched blood types in transfusions.
D)the careful administration of clotting factors to stop bleeding during surgery.

Question 76

Blood is a type of epithelial tissue.

Question 77

Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur in

A)a second Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
B)a first Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
C)a second Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
D)a first Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.

Question 78

A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to a person with type ________ blood.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)O

Question 79

A red blood cell contains a large nucleus; it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim of the cell.

Question 80

On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-aged man gets up and exercises in the aisle, moving his hands, feet, arms, and legs as much as he can. He does this every two hours. The flight attendant asks him to sit down, but he explains that he is trying to prevent a very dangerous medical condition. He is talking about the condition called

A)leukemia.
B)deep vein thrombosis.
C)aplastic anemia.
D)thrombocytopenia.