Deck 7: The Self: Mind, Gender and Body

Question 1

According to the sociological tradition of ________, relationships with other people play a large part in forming the self.

A)self-image congruence
B)self-completion theory
C)symbolic interactionism
D)body cathexis

Answer 1

symbolic interactionism

Question 2

________ summarises the beliefs a person holds about his own attributes and how he/she evaluates their self on those qualities.

A)Actual self
B)Self-esteem
C)Self-concept
D)Self-ego

Answer 2

Self-concept

Question 3

A person's conception of how he/she would like to be is called ________.

A)self-image
B)ideal self
C)self-concept
D)self-esteem

Answer 3

ideal self

Question 4

Rudi Gonzalez sees himself as being handsome rather than intellectual.Which of the following self-concept dimensions best applies to Rudi's view of himself?

A)Content
B)Positivity
C)Intensity
D)Stability over time

Question 5

Bart was a mortuary worker who noticed that there seemed to be a social class difference in what people placed on the graves of departed family members.What Bart observed was a class difference in how people manifest the relationship between external objects and the ________ self.

A)extended
B)actual
C)social
D)looking-glass

Question 6

The ideal self is a person's conception of how she ________.

A)adapts to play different roles
B)imagines other think of her
C)would like to be
D)realistically thinks she is

Question 7

Pamela Ortiz rarely makes eye contact with others in social settings.Though by many standards she is physically attractive, she perceives that others find her plain and uninteresting.By not making eye contact, she is somewhat creating a self-fulfilling prophecy with respect to males in her social circle.This situation matches occurrences in which of the following 'self' situations?

A)The dynamic self
B)The dependency self
C)The frustrated self
D)The looking-glass self

Question 8

The ________ refers to our more realistic appraisal of the qualities we have and don't have.

A)ideal self
B)inner self
C)actual self
D)outer self

Question 9

________ is when the person tries to evaluate their appearance by comparing it to the people depicted in these artificial images.

A)Social comparison
B)Self-esteem
C)Real self
D)Ideal self

Question 10

Understanding our social roles are part of our ________.

A)self-image
B)self-esteem
C)looking-glass self
D)extended self

Question 11

If a person's identity is derived in large measure from his or her social group, this is called ________.

A)the inner identity
B)the occupational identity
C)the collective identity
D)the dynamic identity

Question 12

A person's physical appearance is large part of his or her ________.

A)inner pattern
B)self-concept
C)group status
D)cultural right

Question 13

________ is where a person derives his or her identity in large measure from a social group.

A)Nano frame
B)Micro frame
C)Looking-glass self
D)Collective identity

Question 14

Consumers who have ________ are particularly good targets for marketing communications that use fantasy appeals.

A)self-fulfilling prophecies
B)looking-glass selves
C)a small gap between their real and ideal selves
D)a large gap between their real and ideal selves

Question 15

Through the process of ________, people try to 'manage' what others think of them by strategically choosing clothing and other products that will convey a positive image.

A)impression management
B)self-extension
C)self-esteem
D)social comparison

Question 16

Jim Smith thinks he should be more outgoing.He is looking at his ________.

A)ideal self
B)self-concept
C)looking-glass self
D)self-esteem

Question 17

Which of the following is a level of a people extended self?

A)Individual level
B)Family level
C)Community level
D)All of the above

Question 18

University student Jeff Barnes sees himself as a rich banker who drives a top of the line BMW.This fantasy is an expression of the ________.

A)ideal self
B)actual self
C)looking-glass self
D)collective self

Question 19

If Volkswagen owners see themselves as being more economical and conservative than do owners of the Buick Regal, ________ is probably at work.

A)self-image congruence model
B)self-concept
C)self-image
D)looking-glass self

Question 20

If a female consumer sees an ad about a woman who can no longer fit into her old bathing suit, the consumer might think about her own situation and make a personal pledge to lose weight before summer arrives.This would be an example of marketing communications that attempt to influence a consumer's level of ________.

A)doubt and regret
B)self-esteem
C)dedication and control
D)strength and conviction

Question 21

Social comparison is a basic human tendency.

Question 22

________ refers to the possession of both masculine and feminine traits.

A)Heterosexual
B)Homosexual
C)Amorphany
D)Androgyny

Question 23

The body is adorned or altered in some way in every culture.Decorating the self serves a number of purposes.Which of the following is NOT one of those purposes?

A)To indicate negative feelings toward oneself
B)To separate group members from nonmembers
C)To place the individual in the social organisation
D)To provide a sense of security

Question 24

Historically, tattoos have been associated with people who are considered ________.

A)social outcasts
B)members of the ruling class
C)members of fraternities
D)members of religious orders

Question 25

If products take on masculine or feminine attributes, they are said to be ________.

A)sexy
B)sexually explicit
C)sex-typed
D)androgynous

Question 26

________ refers to a consumer's subjective evaluation of his or her physical self.

A)Looking-glass self
B)Actual self
C)Ideal self
D)Body image

Question 27

________ refers to a consumer's subjective evaluation of his or her physical self.

A)Body dialect
B)Body tone
C)Body fantasy
D)Body image

Question 28

People who have an incomplete self-definition in some context will compensate by acquiring symbols associated with a desired social identity.This perspective is known as ________.

A)symbolic interactionism
B)the self-image congruence model
C)the dramaturgical perspective
D)symbolic self-completion theory

Question 29

Which of the following explains why people decorate or mutilate their bodies?

A)To separate group members from nonmembers
B)To place a person in a gender category
C)To enhance social role identification
D)All of the above

Question 30

Children that are born with genitals or ambiguous sex characteristics are known as ________ children.

A)gender-bending
B)intersex
C)third-gender
D)androgynous

Question 31

Mary Jane is a very conservative businesswoman by day.However, when she decides to 'go out on the town,' she likes to party and 'kick up her heels.' This would be an example of a reaction due to the fact that many consumers ________.

A)have low self-image
B)have multiple selves
C)are not confident with their real selves
D)prefer their ideal selves

Question 32

Men are more likely to use a woman's body shape as a sexual cue.One explanation of this phenomenon is that feminine curves provide evidence of ________.

A)compatibility
B)reproductive potential
C)intellectual capacity
D)sociability

Question 33

Personal objects, places, and things allow people to feel that they are rooted on their larger social environments.The home can be symbolic for the extended self.Which of the following categories or levels of the extended self would be the home most likely be associated with ________.

A)family level
B)individual level
C)community level
D)group level

Question 34

The preference in a culture for a particular model of beauty (or exemplar) is called a(n) ________.

A)ideal of sexuality
B)ideal of beauty
C)narcissism
D)amorphous

Question 35

A(n) ________ is a particular model, or exemplar, or appearance.

A)ideal of beauty
B)self-concept
C)cathexis
D)ideal self

Question 36

Fred Johnson lives, eats, and breathes AFL.His favourite team is the Western bulldogs.His is decorated with the Bulldogs paraphernalia.Which level of the extended self would most likely apply to Fred's situation?

A)family level
B)individual level
C)community level
D)group level

Question 37

Many of the props and settings consumers use to define their social roles become part of themselves.For example, one of Mary Bennett's last requests was that when she died, she wanted to be buried in her favourite dress.This situation illustrates ________.

A)real self
B)ideal self
C)extended self
D)looking-glass self

Question 38

Anna Jones thinks she should lose some weight even though she is skinny.Anna is concerned about her ________.

A)looking-glass self
B)body image
C)actual self
D)ideal self

Question 39

People across all cultures appear to favour physical features that are associated with ________.

A)intellect
B)wealth
C)youth
D)confidence

Question 40

________ refers to the positivity of a person's self-concept.

A)Content
B)Self-esteem
C)Intensity
D)Stability over time

Question 41

Dove's campaign for Real Beauty features women with imperfect bodies modeling in advertisements for skin and hair care products The nature of the social comparison that occurs when a consumer uses these marketing images as a benchmark is likely different than the social comparison that occurs when a consumer sees advertisements for similar products that use professional models.

Question 42

A person's actual self is a person's conception of how he/she would like to be.

Question 43

Every time Tim goes for goal in his footy game, he rubs the charm on the necklace that his professional footballer uncle gave him.This charm has never failed to help him kick a goal.The charm has become part of Tim's extended self.

Question 44

Research has shown that consumer's food choices at a restaurant are unaffected by the body shape and size of the server attending to the consumers.

Question 45

The reason why a sixteen-year-old boy may choose to use typically 'macho' products like cigarettes or alcohol can be explained by symbolic self-completion theory.

Question 46

The looking-glass self is moulded by elements of pop culture, such as comic book heroes.

Question 47

The looking-glass self is modelled by elements of the pop culture, such as comic book heroes.

Question 48

Self-concept refers to the beliefs a person holds about his or her own attributes and how he or she evaluates these qualities.

Question 49

The self-image congruence model helps to explain why it is a deal killer in the Japanese business culture to mishandle a business card for a prospective client.

Question 50

One of the most important levels of the extended self is the family level.

Question 51

Isaac spends significant time curating his Facebook account.He painstakingly lists out prominent classical musicians and postmodern fiction writers on his 'interests' page.He also deletes any photos of himself that don't show him in the types of clothing he now wears.Isaac is engaging in ________.
D.gender socialisation

Question 52

Self-esteem refers to the intensity and stability over time of a person's self-concept.

Question 53

Promotions featuring fantasy appeal have been found to be effective with customers whose real self and ideal self are close and consistent.

Question 54

Studies suggest that men and women who are exposed to beautiful models in advertisements are likely to alter their perceptions of their own body shapes.

Question 55

The symbolic self-completion theory suggests that people who have an incomplete self-definition will tend to complete this identity by buying products that are associated or symbolic of their self-definition.

Question 56

Mary Ann reads fashion magazines weekly.Many times she is frustrated because she has been unable to achieve 'a look' that she thinks features the 'real her.' When Mary Ann thinks this way, she is going through a social comparison process.

Question 57

The ideal self is a reference to our more realistic appraisals of the qualities we have and don't have.

Question 58

Watching as little as 30 minutes of television can alter both men's and women's perceptions of their own body shape and body size.

Question 59

Self-esteem refers to the positivity of a person's self-concept.

Question 60

A consumer is attached to an object to the extent that she relies upon it to maintain her self-concept.

Question 61

Agentic goals are often associated with traditional male gender roles.Communal goals are often associated with traditional female gender roles.

Question 62

Discuss the terms 'symbolic interactionism' and 'looking-glass self.' Give an example of each term.

Question 63

It has been established that consumers buy products that they see as similar to themselves rather than consumers assuming that such products must be similar to themselves because they bought them.

Question 64

Males are more other-oriented, whereas females are more self-oriented.

Question 65

Among generations, Millennials rely most heavily on the use of the smartphone.

Question 66

In South Korean shopping malls, teenage girls line up at photo machines that provide high-tech makeovers, including glamor lighting, a hair-blowing breeze, and virtual plastic surgery.If one of these girls sends a photo from this machine to her boyfriend, she is expressing the actual self state.

Question 67

A professor came to class dressed in a formal shirt and tie.He stated that he would like to explain the concept of self.He took off his tie and shirt.Underneath he had a on a T-shirt with a picture of a handsome tennis player on the front.Then the professor turned around to show a picture of a cartoon clown on the back.'All of these express who I am,' he said.What point was the professor trying to make? What did his choice of varying dress forms and associated iconic symbols most likely represent?

Question 68

The body is adorned or altered in some way in every culture.One of the chief purposes for doing this is to place the individual in the social organisation.

Question 69

Explain the concept of 'social comparison.'

Question 70

A person's feelings about his or her body can be described in terms of body image.

Question 71

Males are more other-oriented, whereas females are more self-oriented.

Question 72

Define self-concept.

Question 73

Explain the concepts of the ideal and actual self.How do we bridge the gaps between these two selves?

Question 74

Max views himself as knowledgeable and intelligent and cultured, and thus only subscribes to the New York Times, the Paris Review, and Artforum magazine.His product choices can be explained by the self-image congruence model.

Question 75

Lars has developed an online, multiplayer game that he thinks could be the next big hit in computer-mediated environments.Lars is in the process of looking for financial backers as he moves from the prototype of his game to the finished product.To encourage financial backers, Lars should explain that for most people interested in playing online games, the gap between their online and offline selves is narrowing.

Question 76

Explain how the concept of self-esteem is used in advertising.

Question 77

Products that reflect stereotypical masculine or feminine attributes are known as androgynous products.

Question 78

Ideals of male beauty are based on facial features, musculature, and facial hair.

Question 79

Today's culture of heavy smartphone usage and narcissism aligns with the concept of the ________.
D.torn self

Question 80

Describe the self-concept.Then, discuss and describe the dimensions that can be used to describe the attributes of the self-concept.