Deck 17: Death, Dying, and Grieving

Question 1

The influence of wealth on health is illustrated in differences in the leading causes of death in low-income versus high-income countries. The wealth of a nation is particularly valuable in that it is associated with:

A) prevention and protection from curable diseases and illnesses.
B) interventions that reduce incidence of death due to heart disease.
C) novel cancer treatments.
D) reducing deaths due to childhood diseases.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

People who sign a do not resuscitate (DNR) order ask that no measures be taken to keep them alive if their heart stops beating.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The term irreversible coma was introduced as a medical diagnosis referencing ________________ death.

A) brain
B) interim
C) primary
D) secondary

Answer 3

A

Question 4

With technological advances, the line between life and death becomes more complicated.

Question 5

One factor that can be used to determine death is an irreversible cessation of:

A) circulatory and respiratory function.
B) all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem.
C) either a or b
D) neither a nor b

Question 6

The United States, a high-income country, is relatively good at preventing death due to respiratory distress and communicable diseases. However, prevention of deaths in the United States requires a different health care and prevention lens, one that focuses on:

A) healthy lifestyle choices: stress reduction, regular exercise, healthy eating.
B) taking the appropriate medications.
C) genetic screenings for cancer.
D) early interventions in cancer cases.

Question 7

Diagnosis of "irreversible coma" requires ruling out a:

A) persistent vegetative state.
B) minimally conscious state.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 8

Noncommunicable causes of death, such as ___________________, can't directly be passed from person to person.

A) heart disease
B) cancer
C) respiratory diseases
D) all of the choices

Question 9

In the United States, the leading causes of death are the same in child and adult age groups.

Question 10

When an individual is declared "brain dead," the criteria are validated again after ____ hours to confirm.

A) 12
B) 24
C) 48
D) 72

Question 11

Absence of brain activity is determined by the EEG (electroencephalogram).

Question 12

The leading cause of death in low-income countries is respiratory diseases.

Question 13

The leading causes of death are the same in low-income and high-income countries.

Question 14

Criteria used to declare that irreversible coma cannot be used to confirm death in exceptional cases, such as:

A) hypothermia.
B) narcotic-induced CNS dysfunction.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 15

The leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease and cancer.

Question 16

In a(n) ___________________, an individual has coma-like symptoms, but low-level wakefulness can be observed on EEG.

A) minimally conscious state
B) persistent vegetative state
C) irreversible coma
D) brain death

Question 17

Death occurs when a person's vital functions permanently stop.

Question 18

Worldwide, most deaths can be attributed to:

A) noncommunicable causes.
B) communicable causes.
C) HIV/AIDS.
D) food-borne illnesses.

Question 19

In a(n) ______________________,an individual may appear to have coma-like symptoms, but also shows some signs of deliberate behavior.

A) minimally conscious state
B) persistent vegetative state
C) irreversible coma
D) brain death

Question 20

Individuals who are "brain dead" can continue to grow, digest nutrients, and even carry a fetus to term.

Question 21

The practice of either withholding or withdrawing treatment from a terminally ill person, thus ending life through natural causes, is known as:

A) active euthanasia.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) persistent vegetative state.
D) minimally conscious state.

Question 22

Access to advanced technologies introduces challenges to traditions and cultural practices related to death and dying due to:

A) increased opportunity to control the process of dying.
B) decreased opportunity to experience natural death.
C) decreased ability to predict cause of death.
D) increased ability to predict cause of death.

Question 23

A fuller understanding of the concept of death comes with increasing age.

Question 24

Older adults report ______________ than younger adults.

A) less death anxiety
B) more death anxiety
C) fewer health problems at time of death
D) a greater number of health problems at time of death

Question 25

Ethel's funeral triggered painful feelings for her friends and family. Her 5-year-old grand daughter believed that Ethel ________________, while her 15-year-old grand-daughter knew this was not the case.

A) would still be able to come to her birthday party
B) died due to biological causes
C) would have died sooner or later
D) had stopped talking, breathing, and interacting with others

Question 26

Causality is one dimension of understanding death; knowing that:

A) once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.
B) death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.
C) everything dies; death is inevitable.
D) everything dies due to some type of biological process.

Question 27

The Patients' Bill of Rights covers laws related to personal control over death and dying:

A) in the United States.
B) around the world.
C) in technology-rich countries.
D) in technology-poor countries.

Question 28

The concept of death rests on four dimensions of understanding.

Question 29

The "right to die" refers exclusively to suicide.

Question 30

Euthanasia may be voluntary or involuntary.

Question 31

Adolescents are increasingly likely to understand the concept of nonfunctionality as one feature of death:

A) Once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.
B) Death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.
C) Everything dies; death is inevitable.
D) Everything dies due to some type of biological process.

Question 32

As adolescents become more cognitively aware of the meaning of death, they are also experiencing maturation with respect to their feelings about death, which developmentalists recognize by studying the changes in _________________ they report about death.

A) anxiety and depression
B) depression and substance use
C) anxiety and fear
D) depression and fear

Question 33

The practice of directly effecting cause of death through outside sources such as lethal drugs is known as:

A) active euthanasia.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) persistent vegetative state.
D) minimally conscious state.

Question 34

The Patients' Bill of Rights outlines the actions an individual wants taken in the event:

A) a terminal illness is diagnosed.
B) end-of-life decisions need to be made.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 35

Advance directives provide written instructions about the type of funeral a person wishes to have after death.

Question 36

Euthanasia refers to the practice of terminating someone's life in a painless manner.

Question 37

Negative beliefs about death may influence the way adolescents understand death. Fear of death is a conscious emotion and may be universal, whereas underlying, uneasy feelings about the possibility that death may occur-____________________-is not universal nor part of conscious awareness.

A) predictability of death
B) cost versus benefits of death
C) death anxiety
D) death distress

Question 38

Irreversibility of death refers to the concept that:

A) once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.
B) death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.
C) everything dies; death is inevitable.
D) everything dies due to some type of biological process.

Question 39

Universality is one dimension of understanding death; knowing that:

A) once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.
B) death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.
C) everything dies; death is inevitable.
D) everything dies due to some type of biological process.

Question 40

When Mary signed a _______________ order, she let her family know that no measures should be taken if her heart stops beating.

A) euthanasia
B) do not resuscitate (DNR)
C) Patients' Bill of Rights
D) advance directive

Question 41

In the most well-known model of dying, there are five distinct stages.

Question 42

The maximum time patients spend in hospice care is generally capped at _________ months.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 43

____________________ is a pathological form of grieving that tends to last longer than normal grieving and is accompanied by impaired social interaction.

A) Complex PTSD
B) Complicated grief
C) Bereavement
D) Mourning

Question 44

People experience grief only in response to the loss of a friend or family member.

Question 45

When Barrett went into hospice care, his family was aware that death:

A) was inevitable; they just didn't know when.
B) would be within 3 weeks.
C) would be within 3 months.
D) was unpredictable.

Question 46

The key factor that triggers the grief response is the perception of loss of contact and interaction.

Question 47

____________________ involves the customs, rituals, and personal transformations that occur after a loved one dies.

A) Complex PTSD
B) Complicated grief
C) Bereavement
D) Mourning

Question 48

The first stage of dying, according to Kubler-Ross's model, is:

A) anger
B) bargaining
C) denial
D) acceptance

Question 49

Adolescents understand death differently depending on their ability to invoke:

A) postformal reasoning.
B) formal operational thinking.
C) coping mechanisms.
D) defense mechanisms.

Question 50

All people go through the five stages of dying in a predictable, linear sequence.

Question 51

Grief is an intense emotional response to loss.

Question 52

The normal grief process is filled with a sense of __________________to be with the loved one.

A) unfulfilled need
B) wanting to go back in time
C) slowing down time
D) speeding up time

Question 53

Although the time it takes to grieve the loss of a loved one varies from person to person, ______ months is considered a reasonable and normal timeframe.

A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) 12

Question 54

Kübler-Ross's stages of dying explain the process a terminal patient goes through near death and the same stages apply to the experiences of people who lose a loved one.

Question 55

Given that you know Patrice received the following care-morphine, visits from the chaplain, and 24/7 heart rate monitoring-it is most likely she is receiving _________________ care.

A) interventive
B) hospice
C) in-home
D) preventive

Question 56

In the anger stage, individuals facing the need to integrate the idea that he or she is dying are likely to get angry with:

A) a doctor or nurse.
B) a loved one.
C) him- or herself.
D) any or all of these choices

Question 57

Hospice care has become ___________________ over the past several decades.

A) increasingly uncommon for all patients
B) increasingly common for all patients
C) available to lower SES patients
D) available to higher SES patients

Question 58

Greif responses are:

A) cognitive.
B) emotional.
C) physiological.
D) all of the choices

Question 59

With hospice care, the primary goal is to:

A) ensure family and friends are available.
B) ensure that the person is in familiar surroundings.
C) reduce discomfort.
D) reduce delusions.

Question 60

When an individual "bargains" during the dying process, the person tries to find a way to make the disease:

A) a source of comfort.
B) harmless.
C) a welcome process.
D) go away.

Question 61

Death of a child is associated with an increased risk for complicated grief, sometimes this grieving process lasts:

A) 1-2 years.
B) 5-6 years.
C) 8-10 years.
D) a lifetime.

Question 62

There is a difference between normal grief and major depressive disorder.

Question 63

For some, normal grief involves positive feelings, even humor.

Question 64

Above all else, mourning is a(n) ___________________process.

A) individual
B) independent
C) universal
D) predictable

Question 65

Following a death, when an individual holds on to general feelings of self-esteem, this suggests that she does not meet the criteria for:

A) major depressive disorder.
B) anxiety disorder.
C) substance use disorder.
D) all of the choices

Question 66

In the final moments of life, an individual reaches:

A) the final moments of lifespan human development.
B) the end of the self-development process.
C) conclusions about the life that was led.
D) all of the choicesse

Question 67

Culture plays an important role in the experience of death and dying between different countries. The extent to which death is _________________ is one source of cross-cultural variation.

A) public
B) private
C) ritualized
D) religious

Question 68

Grief involves feelings of emptiness and loss.

Question 69

One risk factor associated with an increased likelihood that a person will experience complicated grief is:

A) personally seeing a loved one die a traumatic death.
B) having low social support.
C) insecure attachment.
D) all of the choices

Question 70

Culture plays an important role in the experience of death and dying between different countries. The extent to which death is _________________ is one source of cross-cultural variation.

A) public
B) private
C) ritualized
D) religious

Question 71

____________________refers to the specific behaviors involved in bereavement.

A) Mourning
B) Cultural customs
C) Social norms
D) Cultural mourning

Question 72

When grief takes a turn into non-normative territory, ______________________ is a common diagnosis when a person experiences complicated grief.

A) major depressive disorder
B) anxiety disorder
C) substance use disorder
D) all of the choices

Question 73

The following is a symptom of major depressive disorder:

A) the inability to anticipate happiness or pleasure.
B) self-critical or pessimistic ruminations.
C) feelings of self-worthlessness and self-loathing.
D) all of the choices