Deck 14: Endocrinology - Endocrine System

Question 1

Which is the eponym for a form of thyroiditis classified as autoimmune?

A) Hashimoto
B) Cushing
C) Addison
D) Langerhans

Answer 1

Hashimoto

Question 2

Sustained muscle spasms from hypocalcemia are known as:

A) virilism.
B) synergism.
C) tetany.
D) lactation.

Answer 2

tetany.

Question 3

A type 1 diabetic would be treated with :

A) Humulin R.
B) glyburide (DiaBeta).
C) rosiglitazone (Avandia).
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

Humulin R.

Question 4

A lab test for a patient showed low calcium levels in the blood.The physician would consider doing further testing on which endocrine gland to evaluate the cause of this hypocalcemia?

A) thymus
B) parathyroid
C) adrenal medulla
D) pineal

Question 5

In order to see if the prescribed treatment was effective for diabetes mellitus in his patient,the physician ordered a:

A) FSH assay.
B) vanillylmandelic acid test.
C) hemoglobin A1c.
D) radioactive iodine uptake test.

Question 6

A physical characteristic of Addison's disease is:

A) abnormal fat distribution in the back and face called the buffalo hump and moon face.
B) fatigue, weight loss, bronze skin pigmentation.
C) severe headaches and hypertension.
D) excessive body hair growth and deepening of the voice.

Question 7

Which is a dangerous complication associated with diabetes mellitus in which the byproduct of incomplete fat metabolism builds up in the patient's blood?

A) ketoacidosis
B) aldosteronism
C) myxedema
D) hyperinsulinism

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas?

A) glucose
B) glucagon
C) glucocorticoids
D) glycogen

Question 9

Which is a treatment option for hyperthyroidism?

A) thymectomy
B) vanillymandelic acid
C) radioactive sodium iodide (I¹³¹)
D) radioimmunoassay

Question 10

Which is often a precipitating factor to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A) infertility
B) skeletal muscle weakness
C) vision changes
D) obesity

Question 11

Increased cortisol levels would be found in patients with:

A) Addison's disease.
B) Graves' disease.
C) Hashimoto's disease.
D) Cushing's syndrome.

Question 12

Abnormal levels of FSH point to improper functioning of the:

A) adrenal medulla.
B) pineal gland.
C) thyroid.
D) anterior pituitary gland.

Question 13

It was in the middle of winter when the patient came to the doctor's office complaining of depression,weight gain,and problems with sleep.He was told that he had a condition related to hypersecretion of melatonin plus the lack of exposure to sunlight.He was diagnosed with:

A) SAD.
B) DKA.
C) ADA.
D) MSH.

Question 14

Insulin is secreted by the ____________ cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) gamma
D) delta

Question 15

The master gland of the body is the:

A) pituitary.
B) pineal.
C) adrenal.
D) testes.

Question 16

A neurotransmitter of the sympathetic division of the nervous system that increases the heart rate and constricts smooth muscle in blood vessels to raise blood pressure in the "fight or flight" response is called:

A) epinephrine.
B) aldosterone.
C) melatonin.
D) prolactin.

Question 17

Hypoglycemia can cause:

A) elevated blood pressure, flushing of the skin, increased sensitivity to pain.
B) slow heart rate, dry skin, constipation.
C) headache, sweating, shakiness.
D) decreased thirst, urination, and appetite.

Question 18

Thyromegaly is a sign of a:

A) goiter.
B) dwarfism.
C) virilism.
D) hypogonadism.

Question 19

Which is a lab test done to help diagnose diabetes insipidus?

A) glucose tolerance test
B) ADH stimulation test
C) FSH assay
D) glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 20

Which symptom is common to a patient with diabetes mellitus as well as diabetes insipidus?

A) polyphagia
B) glycosuria
C) hyperglycemia
D) polydipsia

Question 21

Cushing's syndrome is due to:

A) hyposecretion of cortisol in the adrenal medulla.
B) hypersecretion of cortisol in the adrenal medulla.
C) hypersecretion of cortisol in the adrenal cortex.
D) hyposecretion of cortisol in the adrenal cortex.

Question 22

Which endocrine gland is known as the master gland of the body?

A) parathyroid
B) pituitary
C) pancreas
D) adrenal

Question 23

The abbreviation GH means :

A) glucose hemoglobin.
B) gonad hormone.
C) genital herpes.
D) growth hormone.

Question 24

An endemic goiter is related to a deficiency of:

A) calcium.
B) sodium chloride.
C) potassium.
D) iodine.

Question 25

Which type of drug is always or sometimes used to treat type 1,type 1.5,and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A) growth hormone drugs
B) insulin
C) antithyroid drugs
D) corticosteroid drugs

Question 26

The abbreviation NIDDM means the same as:

A) type 2 diabetes mellitus.
B) non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
C) adult-onset diabetes mellitus.
D) all of the above.

Question 27

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone is known as:

A) hypoglycemia.
B) diabetes insipidus.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) panhypopituitarism.

Question 28

Hypersecretion of the growth hormone during adulthood causes:

A) gigantism.
B) Cushing's syndrome.
C) myxedema.
D) acromegaly.

Question 29

Hyposecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex is known as:

A) Addison's disease.
B) Cushing's syndrome.
C) Graves' disease.
D) gynecomastia.

Question 30

Which blood test is performed to measure the level of glucose after the patient has not eaten for at least 12 hours?

A) fasting blood sugar
B) cortisol level
C) glucose tolerance test
D) glucose self-testing

Question 31

The best definition of parathyroid is:

A) abnormal thyroid.
B) above the thyroid.
C) beside the thyroid.
D) two parts of a pair of thyroid.

Question 32

Which gland is also called the neurohypophysis?

A) thyroid gland
B) parathyroid gland
C) posterior pituitary gland
D) anterior pituitary gland

Question 33

Severe hypothyroidism in adults is known as:

A) acromegaly.
B) Graves' disease.
C) myxedema.
D) Cushing's syndrome.

Question 34

The pineal body secretes which hormone that maintains the body's internal clock,the 24-hour wake-sleep cycle,and regulates the onset and duration of sleep?

A) oxytocin
B) calcitonin
C) melatonin
D) cortisol

Question 35

The process by which two hormones exert opposite effects is known as:

A) stimulation.
B) inhibition.
C) synergism.
D) antagonism.

Question 36

A pregnant woman may be given the hormone ____________ to stimulate her uterus to contract and begin labor.

A) somatostatin
B) prolactin
C) oxytocin
D) progesterone

Question 37

Which is the process where two hormones work together to achieve a result?

A) activation
B) stimulation
C) synergism
D) tolerance

Question 38

The suffix -physis means :

A) state of growing.
B) abnormal condition.
C) deficient.
D) gland.

Question 39

Chronic and progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland is known as:

A) hypergonadism.
B) euthyroid.
C) goiter.
D) hypothyroidism.

Question 40

The combining form adren/o- means :

A) kidney.
B) gland.
C) adrenal gland.
D) urinary.

Question 41

The most common form of hyperthyroidism is:

A) diabetes.
B) Graves' disease.
C) SAD.
D) goiter.

Question 42

Which of the following is not true regarding the endocrine system?

A) All of the organs and glands of the endocrine system are influenced by the pituitary gland.
B) They release substances called hormones.
C) They release their hormones directly into the blood.
D) Their hormones regulate specific body functions.

Question 43

A gland that secretes a hormone which stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles is the:

A) hypothalamus.
B) pituitary gland.
C) pineal body.
D) thyroid gland.

Question 44

What is the most abundant and biologically active female hormone?

A) progesterone
B) estradiol
C) ovaries
D) testosterone

Question 45

Glycosuria means that there is ____________ in the urine.

A) iron
B) calcium
C) blood
D) sugar

Question 46

An excessive amount of calcium in the blood is known as:

A) hypocalcemia.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hyperbilirubinemia.
D) hypercalcemia.

Question 47

The hormone which regulates electrolyte balance,and sodium and potassium balance is:

A) aldosterone.
B) glucagon.
C) androgens.
D) epinephrine.

Question 48

The hyposecretion of oxytocin causes:

A) uterine inertia.
B) goiter.
C) dysparenuia.
D) Graves' disease.

Question 49

The parathyroid glands secrete a hormone which regulates the level of what substance in the blood?

A) calcium
B) insulin
C) melanin
D) melatonin

Question 50

Which word is used to describe sustained muscle spasms?

A) circadian
B) tetany
C) ergyism
D) receptor

Question 51

Another name for the pituitary gland is:

A) hypothalamus.
B) thalamus.
C) hypophysis.
D) thymus.

Question 52

The action of hormones working together to accomplish the same result,is called:

A) synergism.
B) antagonism.
C) stimulation.
D) inhibition.

Question 53

As part of the endocrine system,the pancreas secretes three hormones directly into the blood.They are:

A) glucagon, insulin, and FSH.
B) FSH, LH, and insulin.
C) glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin.
D) somatostatin, glycogen, and aldosterone.

Question 54

Hyposecretion of the growth hormone during childhood and puberty is:

A) acromegaly.
B) dwarfism.
C) gigantism.
D) diabetes insipidus.

Question 55

Which of the following endocrine glands contains structures known as the islets of Langerhans?

A) thymus gland
B) hypothalamus
C) pituitary gland
D) pancreas

Question 56

Together FSH and LH are known as:

A) pineal bodies.
B) gonadotropins.
C) lobes.
D) endocrine glands.

Question 57

Which type of diabetes begins in childhood or adolescence?

A) adult-onset
B) type 1
C) non-insulin-dependent
D) type 2

Question 58

The pituitary gland has two main parts,the adenohypophysis and the:

A) posterior pituitary gland.
B) anterior pituitary gland.
C) thymus.
D) thyroid.

Question 59

The form that sugar takes when it is stored in the liver and the skeletal muscles is called:

A) glucose.
B) insulin.
C) estradiol.
D) glycogen.

Question 60

The testes produce sperm when stimulated by FSH released by what gland?

A) posterior pituitary gland
B) hypothalamus
C) androgen
D) anterior pituitary gland

Question 61

A transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is a surgical procedure to remove an adenoma from the:

A) thyroid gland.
B) adrenal gland.
C) pituitary gland.
D) thymus.

Question 62

Too little ADH from the posterior pituitary gland causes:

A) gigantism.
B) diabetes insipidus.
C) thyroid cancer.
D) hyperglycemia.

Question 63

The thyroid gland:

A) regulates cellular metabolism.
B) regulates potassium levels in the blood.
C) stimulates the uterus to contract in labor.
D) secretes insulin.

Question 64

Which is a urine test that measures glucose,ketones,and other substances in the urine?

A) urine dipstick
B) RAIU
C) fine needle biopsy
D) VMA

Question 65

Which is a surgical procedure that removes the thyroid?

A) transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
B) thymectomy
C) thyroidectomy
D) parathyroidectomy

Question 66

Which type of diabetes occurs only during pregnancy?

A) insipidus
B) type 1
C) type 2
D) gestational

Question 67

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

A) TSH
B) FSH
C) LH
D) aldosterone

Question 68

A congenital lack of thyroid hormone from birth is known as:

A) Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
B) Graves' disease.
C) thyroid cancer.
D) cretinism.

Question 69

Excessive amounts of growth hormone after puberty result in:

A) hyperthyroidism.
B) stunted growth.
C) acromegaly.
D) diabetic complications.

Question 70

A blood glucose monitor is an important tool for use in which disease?

A) acromegaly
B) diabetes mellitus
C) precocious puberty
D) infertility

Question 71

NPH refers to a/an:

A) organ.
B) disease.
C) drug.
D) hormone.

Question 72

All of the following are diagnostic tests for diabetes except:

A) fasting blood sugar (FBS).
B) blood level of growth hormone.
C) glucose tolerance test.
D) hemoglobin A1c.

Question 73

ADA refers to a diet that would be prescribed for a patient with:

A) anemia.
B) diabetes mellitus.
C) thyroid disease.
D) precocious puberty.

Question 74

A lobectomy is a surgical procedure performed on the:

A) ovary.
B) pineal gland.
C) thyroid gland.
D) pancreas.

Question 75

Exophthalmos is associated with:

A) diabetes mellitus.
B) diabetes insipidus.
C) Graves' disease.
D) gigantism.

Question 76

A benign tumor of an endocrine gland is known as a/an:

A) carcinoma.
B) lipoma.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) adenoma.

Question 77

The combining form pituit/o- and ____________ both mean pituitary gland.

A) adren/o-
B) hypophys/o-
C) andr/o-
D) secret/o-

Question 78

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is:

A) also known as adult-onset diabetes.
B) treated with weight loss, exercise, and diet.
C) treated with oral antidiabetic drugs.
D) all of the above.

Question 79

Which of these abbreviations is associated with diabetes?

A) SIADH
B) IDDM
C) SAD
D) TSH

Question 80

Infertility may have a hormonal cause due to a lack of:

A) FSH.
B) TFT.
C) GTT.
D) NPH.