Deck 3: Gastroenterology - Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

The medical word emesis means :

A) loose stools.
B) difficulty swallowing.
C) vomiting.
D) excessive gas.

Answer 1

vomiting.

Question 2

Swallowing food is known by the medical name of:

A) mastication.
B) deglutition.
C) ingestion.
D) defecation.

Answer 2

deglutition.

Question 3

Which word describes a characteristic of a hepatoma?

A) mesenteric
B) metastatic
C) mucosal
D) malabsorption

Answer 3

metastatic

Question 4

A single hernia pouch in the muscular wall of the colon is spelled:

A) diverticulum.
B) diverticula.
C) diverticuli.
D) diverticulus.

Question 5

Which is the abbreviation for a type of feeding tube?

A) PUD
B) PEG
C) CBD
D) LES

Question 6

During surgery the patient was found to have choledocholithiasis.In the operative report that describes what was done during the surgery,which anatomical structure will have to be mentioned?

A) lower esophageal sphincter
B) mesentery
C) cecum
D) common bile duct

Question 7

Which is an appropriate drug to treat GERD?

A) Nexium
B) Colace
C) Imodium
D) an antiemetic

Question 8

When a physician palpates the abdomen and documents,"No hepatomegaly," this means that there is no:

A) tenderness occurring over the area of the appendix.
B) mass felt in the intestines.
C) inguinal hernia present.
D) liver enlargement.

Question 9

An inguinal hernia would appear in the area of the:

A) stomach.
B) navel.
C) ribs.
D) groin.

Question 10

Which of the following is a pre-cancerous condition?

A) liver cirrhosis
B) diverticulosis
C) colonic polyps
D) ulcerative colitis

Question 11

Which word is misspelled?

A) ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)
B) ilius (absence of peristalsis)
C) cirrhosis (chronic irreversible degeneration of the liver)
D) hemorrhoids (protruding anal or rectal veins)

Question 12

Steatorrhea is a symptom of:

A) gastritis.
B) cholecystitis.
C) pancreatitis.
D) stomatitis.

Question 13

A varicose vein in the esophagus is known as a:

A) fecalith.
B) varix.
C) hemorrhoid.
D) volvulus.

Question 14

The portion of the biliary tree that transports bile from the gallbladder to the common bile duct is the:

A) hepatic duct.
B) parotid duct.
C) alimentary duct.
D) cystic duct.

Question 15

Which of the following is a possible diagnosis for a patient with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

A) cholecystitis
B) esophagitis
C) appendicitis
D) pancreatitis

Question 16

An EGD would include viewing which of the following:

A) stomach.
B) ileum.
C) cecum.
D) ascending colon.

Question 17

A patient had a colonoscopy for complaints of bouts of diarrhea,cramping,and abdominal pain.The colonoscopy revealed no visualized abnormalities.The most likely diagnosis for the patient is:

A) diverticulosis.
B) irritable bowel syndrome.
C) Crohn's disease.
D) steatorrhea

Question 18

When a patient has a hernia that is swollen,and the intestines can no longer be pushed back into the abdominopelvic cavity,this is known as a/an __________ hernia.

A) incisional.
B) incarcerated.
C) sliding.
D) reducible.

Question 19

A patient with a disease of which organ will have a low level in the blood of the protein albumin?

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) salivary gland

Question 20

The part of the stomach that is superior to the pylorus is the:

A) pyloric sphincter.
B) cecum.
C) fundus.
D) lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 21

Which type of hepatitis is also known as serum hepatitis?

A) hepatitis A
B) hepatitis B
C) hepatitis C
D) hepatitis D

Question 22

Inflammation of the oral mucosa of the mouth is:

A) cholangitis.
B) mouthitis.
C) stomatitis.
D) pyloritis.

Question 23

Which test involves passing a needle through the skin of the abdominal wall and injecting contrast dye into the liver?

A) IVC
B) ERCP
C) CT
D) PTC

Question 24

Which of these is a combining form that means rectum?

A) sigmoid/o-
B) gastr/o-
C) proct/o-
D) choledoch/o-

Question 25

A pouch or tube where the mucosa has been forced out through a defect in the wall of the colon is known as a/an:

A) appendix.
B) ulcer.
C) dysentery.
D) diverticulum.

Question 26

Chronic,progressive inflammation and finally irreversible degeneration of liver tissue,characterized by nodules and scarring,is known as:

A) jaundice.
B) hepatoma.
C) cirrhosis.
D) hepatitis.

Question 27

The patient had surgery to remove a part of his intestine and rejoin the cut ends of the intestine.The word for this procedure is:

A) colostomy.
B) endoscopy.
C) anastomosis.
D) laparotomy.

Question 28

Stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct can be treated in all of the following ways except:

A) removing the liver to prevent more stones from forming.
B) using drugs to dissolve the stone.
C) removing the gallbladder.
D) removing the stone from the common bile duct.

Question 29

The abbreviation ERCP stands for:

A) enteroscopic retrograde cholangiogram.
B) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
C) esophagorectocholangiopancreatogram.
D) esophagoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Question 30

The inability to voluntarily control bowel movements because of paralysis or dementia is known as:

A) diarrhea.
B) constipation.
C) incontinence.
D) steatorrhea.

Question 31

The passage of blood in the stool is:

A) flatus.
B) eructation.
C) hematochezia.
D) hematemesis.

Question 32

The normal,large puckered pouchs in the walls of the large intestine are called:

A) sphincters.
B) rugae.
C) fundus.
D) haustra.

Question 33

Swollen,protruding veins in the rectum or in the perianal area,also known as piles,are called:

A) hemorrhoids.
B) rectocele.
C) fecalith.
D) melena.

Question 34

Hepatosplenomegaly refers to:

A) enlargement of the gallbladder.
B) enlargement of the liver and spleen.
C) softening of the liver and spleen.
D) hardening of the kidney and spleen.

Question 35

Drugs used to treat nausea and vomiting and motion sickness are called:

A) antiemetic drugs.
B) laxative drugs.
C) antacid drugs.
D) antidiarrheal drugs.

Question 36

Telescoping of one segment of the intestine into the lumen of an adjacent segment is known as a/an:

A) hernia.
B) diverticulum.
C) intussusception.
D) ileus.

Question 37

The medical word that means chewing is:

A) mastication.
B) eructation.
C) deglutition.
D) defecation.

Question 38

Which type of polyp has a thin stalk that supports a ball-shaped,irregular top?

A) pedunculated
B) strangulated
C) incarcerated
D) sessile

Question 39

The medical word patent means :

A) closed.
B) irregular.
C) open.
D) normal

Question 40

A surgical procedure to remove part of the stomach because of a cancerous tumor is a/an:

A) gastrostomy.
B) gastrectomy.
C) gastrotomy.
D) enterectomy.

Question 41

Which of the following kills microorganisms on ingested food?

A) hydrochloric acid
B) pepsinogen
C) gastrin
D) digestive enzymes

Question 42

If a patient presents to the emergency room with a severe sore throat,which of the following structures is inflamed?

A) larynx
B) esophagus
C) pharynx
D) salivary glands

Question 43

An omphalocele is a/an:

A) umbilical hernia present at birth.
B) hernia that cannot be pushed back into the thoracic cavity.
C) adhesion.
D) incisional hernia.

Question 44

Colic is a:

A) twisting of a loop of intestine.
B) decreased level of peristalsis after surgery.
C) common gastrointestinal problem in babies.
D) precursor to cancer.

Question 45

When bile breaks apart large globules of fat,the process is known as:

A) cholecystokinin.
B) absorption.
C) emulsification.
D) elimination.

Question 46

Which structure hangs in the posterior oral cavity?

A) appendix
B) pharynx
C) omentum
D) uvula

Question 47

Which bacterial infection is caused by an unusual strain of E.coli,the common bacterium in the large intestine?

A) lactose intolerance
B) adenocarcinoma
C) dysentery
D) polyps

Question 48

Which of the following is not related in some way to fats?

A) bile
B) ascending colon
C) emulsification
D) pancreas

Question 49

If a patient experiences difficult or painful eating and swallowing,the patient is said to have:

A) anorexia.
B) dyspepsia.
C) dysphagia.
D) gastritis.

Question 50

The word ulcer means :

A) stomach.
B) intestinal.
C) gut.
D) sore.

Question 51

The vomiting of new or old blood is known as:

A) regurgitation.
B) hematemesis.
C) meconium.
D) reflux.

Question 52

What is the treatment for adhesions of the intestines?

A) medication
B) exercise
C) surgery
D) rest

Question 53

The gastrointestinal system begins with which of the following structures?

A) esophagus
B) oral cavity
C) colon
D) large intestine

Question 54

Which of the following enzymes breaks down the sugar in milk?

A) amylase
B) lipase
C) flatus
D) lactase

Question 55

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion?

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) stomach

Question 56

Blood vessels to the intestines can become twisted,decreasing the blood supply,and leading to tissue death.This condition is called:

A) intussusception.
B) Crohn's disease.
C) appendicitis.
D) malrotation.

Question 57

In the phrase hyperemesis gravidarum,the word gravidarum means :

A) regurgitation.
B) of pregnancy.
C) emesis.
D) nausea.

Question 58

All of the following are parts of the stomach except:

A) uvula.
B) cardia.
C) fundus.
D) pylorus.

Question 59

The abbreviation PUD stands for:

A) pelvic ulcer disease.
B) peritoneal ulcerative disease.
C) purulent ulcerative disease.
D) peptic ulcer disease.

Question 60

Cancerous tumors of the gastrointestinal system are treated medically by a/an:

A) oncologist.
B) surgeon.
C) gastroenterologist.
D) cardiologist.

Question 61

Absorbed food nutrients are carried by the blood in the portal vein to the:

A) liver.
B) anus.
C) duodenum.
D) gallbladder.

Question 62

The word deglutition refers to:

A) chewing, grinding, and tearing food.
B) swallowing food.
C) contractions of the esophagus.
D) partially undigested food.

Question 63

The gustatory cortex in the brain processes information sent by the:

A) intestinal mucosa.
B) esophagus.
C) taste receptors.
D) villi.

Question 64

What is the purpose of the villi in the small intestine?

A) to move digested food along the small intestine.
B) to make digestive juices.
C) to absorb digested nutrients.
D) all of the above

Question 65

The large intestine includes the:

A) cecum, ileum, colon, and rectum.
B) cecum, appendix, mesentery, and anus.
C) duodenum, rectum, anus, and perianal area.
D) none of the above

Question 66

Chemical digestion involves:

A) mastication, deglutition, and peristalsis.
B) enzymes and acid.
C) mastication and enzymes.
D) enzymes, deglutition, and acid.

Question 67

Emulsification is the process of:

A) secreting cholecystokinin.
B) secreting intrinsic factor.
C) bile breaking down fats.
D) vitamin B₁₂ breaking down proteins.

Question 68

The gastrointestinal system is an elongated system that:

A) begins at the mouth.
B) goes through the thoracic cavity.
C) fills most of the abdominopelvic cavity.
D) All of the above.

Question 69

The membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and secretes fluid to fill the spaces between the organs is:

A) pepsinogen.
B) the pyloric sphincter.
C) peristalsis.
D) the peritoneum.

Question 70

The muscular ring that keeps food in the stomach from going back into the esophagus is:

A) the celiac trunk.
B) LES.
C) chyme.
D) peristalsis.

Question 71

The word glossal means :

A) pertaining to the tongue.
B) under the tongue.
C) like a salivary gland.
D) anterior to the stomach.

Question 72

The process of elimination is called:

A) feces.
B) defecation.
C) meconium.
D) all of the above

Question 73

Small areas on the intestinal walls that contain white blood cells to destroy microorganisms are called:

A) Peyer's patches.
B) haustra.
C) villi.
D) mucosa.

Question 74

The gallbladder is responsible for:

A) releasing digestive enzymes made by the pancreas.
B) neutralizing acid from the stomach.
C) digesting proteins in foods.
D) concentrating and storing bile from the liver.

Question 75

All of the following are salivary glands except:

A) pharyngeal.
B) submandibular.
C) parotid.
D) sublingual.

Question 76

Vermiform means :

A) pink.
B) small.
C) wormlike.
D) all of the above

Question 77

Which of the following are involved in the digestion of fats?

A) amylase and hydrochloric acid
B) hydrochloric acid and mastication
C) lipase and pepsinogen
D) emulsification and lipase

Question 78

Excessive overeating is known as:

A) anorexia.
B) polyphagia.
C) dysphagia.
D) cheilitis.

Question 79

After chyme leaves the stomach,it enters the __________.

A) soft palate.
B) cecum
C) duodenum.
D) esophagus.

Question 80

Peristalsis occurs in all of the following gastrointestinal structures except the:

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) colon.
D) oral cavity.