Deck 12: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates ________ cells.

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) heart muscle
D) glandular
E) All of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The ________ division of the nervous system carries motor commands to muscles and glands.

A) spinal
B) peripheral
C) autonomic
D) afferent
E) efferent

Answer 2

E

Question 3

________ nerves are nerves that connect to the brain.

A) Spinal
B) Unmyelinated
C) Myelinated
D) Cranial
E) Interneural

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The ________ division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervoussystem.

A) somatic
B) peripheral
C) autonomic
D) afferent
E) parasympathetic

Question 5

The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) afferent
D) somatic
E) autonomic

Question 6

The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron is called the

A) protoplasm.
B) nucleoplasm.
C) sarcoplasm.
D) neuroplasm.
E) perikaryon.

Question 7

Axons terminate in a series of fine extensions known as

A) telodendria.
B) terminals.
C) collaterals.
D) dendrites.
E) synapses.

Question 8

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated

A) motor.
B) afferent.
C) efferent.
D) autonomic.
E) somatic.

Question 9

Branches that may occur along an axon are called

A) telodendria.
B) synaptic terminals.
C) collaterals.
D) hillocks.
E) synapses.

Question 10

________ nerves are nerves that connect to the spinal cord.

A) Spinal
B) Cranial
C) Afferent
D) Multipolar
E) Autonomic

Question 11

The axoplasm of the axon contains which of the following?

A) neurotubules
B) mitochondria
C) vesicles
D) neurofibrils
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

________ carry motor information to peripheral effectors.

A) Unipolar neurons
B) Efferent neurons
C) Multipolar neurons
D) Afferent neurons
E) Interneurons

Question 13

The axon is connected to the soma at the

A) telodendria.
B) synaptic terminal.
C) collaterals.
D) axon hillock.
E) synapse.

Question 14

The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is

A) anaxonic.
B) bipolar.
C) multipolar.
D) pseudopolar.
E) unipolar.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a recognized structural classification for neurons?

A) anaxonic
B) bipolar
C) multipolar
D) pseudopolar
E) unipolar

Question 16

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandularactivity.

A) somatic
B) peripheral
C) autonomic
D) afferent
E) motor

Question 17

The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ________ nervous system.

A) somatic
B) peripheral
C) autonomic
D) afferent
E) parasympathetic

Question 18

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

A) telodendria.
B) axolemma.
C) collateral.
D) hillock.
E) synapse.

Question 19

Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

A) neurofilaments.
B) neurofibrils.
C) perikaryon.
D) Nissl bodies.
E) microglia.

Question 20

The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

A) autonomic
B) peripheral
C) central
D) efferent
E) afferent

Question 21

The rabies virus travels to the CNS via

A) anterograde axoplasmic transport.
B) retrograde axoplasmic transport.
C) blood vessels.
D) subcutaneous connective tissue.
E) cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 22

Neurons in which dendritic and axonal processes are continuous and the soma lies off to one side are called

A) anaxonic.
B) unipolar.
C) bipolar.
D) tripolar.
E) multipolar.

Question 23

Sensory neurons of the PNS are

A) unipolar.
B) bipolar.
C) anaxonic.
D) multipolar.
E) tripolar.

Question 24

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
Which type of membrane channels are found at label "3"?

A) voltage-gated Na+ channels
B) voltage-gated K+ channels
C) chemically-gated Na+ and K+ channels
D) voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
E) both voltage-gated Na+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels

Question 25

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite, with the soma in between, are called

A) anaxonic.
B) unipolar.
C) bipolar.
D) tripolar.
E) multipolar.

Question 26

________ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints.

A) Proprioceptors
B) Internoceptors
C) Photoreceptors
D) Exteroceptors
E) Pressoreceptors

Question 27

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
The structure labeled "2" is a(n)

A) neurofilament.
B) dendrite.
C) initial segment.
D) perikaryon.
E) axon.

Question 28

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
The structures labeled "1" are dendrites. Their membranes contain numerous chemically-gated ion channels.

A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 29

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
Which part(s) of the neuron can propagate an action potential?

A) 1
B) 1 and 2
C) 2 and 3
D) 3

Question 30

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
On which structure do most neuron to neuron communications occur?

A) 2
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 31

Which of the following activities or sensations is/are not monitored by interoceptors?

A) sight
B) pain
C) activities of the digestive system
D) cardiovascular activities
E) urinary activities

Question 32

How does blocking retrograde axoplasmic transport in an axon affect the activity of a neuron?

A) The neuron becomes unable to produce neurotransmitters.
B) The neuron becomes unable to produce action potentials.
C) The soma becomes unable to export products to the synaptic terminals.
D) The soma becomes unable to respond to changes in the distal end of the axon.
E) The neuron becomes unable to depolarize when stimulated.

Question 33

________ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS.

A) Sensory neurons
B) Motor neurons
C) Unipolar neurons
D) Bipolar neurons
E) Interneurons

Question 34

________ carry sensory information to the CNS.

A) Motor neurons
B) Efferent neurons
C) Multipolar neurons
D) Afferent neurons
E) Interneurons

Question 35

________ provide information about the external environment.

A) Spinal nerves
B) Anaxonic neurons
C) Internoceptors
D) Exteroceptors
E) Proprioceptors

Question 36

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "4."

A) synaptic terminals
B) telodendria
C) dendritic spines
D) collateral branches
E) axons

Question 37

Neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are called

A) anaxonic.
B) unipolar.
C) bipolar.
D) tripolar.
E) multipolar.

Question 38

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "5."

A) axons
B) telodendria
C) dendritic spines
D) synaptic terminals
E) collateral branch

Question 39

Neurons that are rare, small, and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called

A) anaxonic.
B) unipolar.
C) bipolar.
D) tripolar.
E) multipolar.

Question 40

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
What is contained inside the structure labeled "5"?

A) neuroglia
B) sodium ions
C) acetylcholinesterase
D) calcium ions
E) neurotransmitter molecules

Question 41

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following except

A) maintaining the blood-brain barrier.
B) conducting action potentials.
C) guiding neuron development.
D) responding to neural tissue damage.
E) forming a three-dimensional framework for the CNS.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

A) support
B) memory
C) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
D) maintenance of blood-brain barrier
E) phagocytosis

Question 43

Glial cells that surround the neurons in ganglia are

A) astrocytes.
B) satellite cells.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) microglia.
E) ependymal cells.

Question 44

Which of the following is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?

A) astrocytes
B) satellite cells
C) oligodendrocytes
D) microglia
E) ependymal cells

Question 45

________ line the brain ventricles and spinal canal.

A) Astrocytes
B) Satellite cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglia
E) Ependymal cells

Question 46

Deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the soma iscalled ________ degeneration.

A) neural
B) central
C) peripheral
D) Wallerian
E) conduction

Question 47

Damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the

A) formation of myelin sheaths.
B) formation of cerebrospinal fluid.
C) formation of ganglia.
D) repair of axons.
E) transport of neurotransmitters within axons.

Question 48

In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by

A) producing new axons.
B) regenerating cell bodies for the neurons.
C) forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth.
D) clearing away cellular debris.
E) producing more satellite cells that fuse to form new axons.

Question 49

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by

A) astrocytes.
B) satellite cells.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) microglia.
E) ependymal cells.

Question 50

________ monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems.

A) Spinal nerves
B) Unipolar neurons
C) Internoceptors
D) Exteroceptors
E) Proprioceptors

Question 51

Most neurons lack ________ and so are permanently blocked from undergoing cell division.

A) ribosomes
B) endoplasmic reticula
C) a nucleus
D) centrioles
E) cytoplasm

Question 52

The most common neuron of the nervous system is the

A) interneuron.
B) externoceptor.
C) bipolar neuron.
D) unipolar neuron.
E) microglial cell.

Question 53

When pressure is applied to neural tissue, all of the following effects are possible except

A) a decrease in blood flow.
B) a decrease in available oxygen.
C) a change in neuron excitability.
D) glial cells degenerate.
E) neurons are triggered to divide.

Question 54

________ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system.

A) Axons
B) Dendrites
C) Neuroglia
D) Synapses
E) Efferent fibers

Question 55

The plasma membrane of an axon is called the

A) axon terminal.
B) neurilemma.
C) myelin sheath.
D) sarcolemma.
E) axolemma.

Question 56

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by

A) astrocytes.
B) satellite cells.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) microglia.
E) Schwann cells.

Question 57

Small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called

A) astrocytes.
B) satellite cells.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) microglia.
E) ependymal cells.

Question 58

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the

A) neuron.
B) axon.
C) nerve.
D) glial cell.
E) receptor.

Question 59

The neuroglial cells that participate in maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the

A) astrocytes.
B) ependymal cells.
C) microglia.
D) oligodendrocytes.
E) Schwann cells.

Question 60

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

A) astrocytes.
B) satellite cells.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) microglia.
E) ependymal cells.

Question 61

Graded potentials

A) produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation.
B) produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface.
C) may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization.
D) are often all-or-none.
E) cause repolarization.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

A) They create a three dimensional framework for the CNS.
B) They maintain the blood-brain barrier.
C) They guide neuron development.
D) They rebuild injured neurons.
E) They adjust the composition of the interstitial tissue.

Question 63

If the permeability of a resting axon to sodium ion increases,

A) the membrane potential will repolarize.
B) the membrane potential will hyperpolarize.
C) inward movement of sodium ion will increase.
D) outward movement of sodium ion will decrease.
E) inward movement of sodium will increase and the membrane will depolarize.

Question 64

Regions of the CNS where neuron cell bodies dominate constitute the ________ matter.

A) white
B) gray
C) neural
D) brain
E) ganglion

Question 65

Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter.

A) gray
B) white
C) neural
D) brain
E) ganglion

Question 66

All of the following cause demyelination except

A) heavy-metal ion poisoning.
B) diphtheria.
C) multiple sclerosis.
D) dopamine deficiency.
E) All of these cause demyelination.

Question 67

The tiny gaps between adjacent Schwann cells are called

A) neurillema.
B) nodes of Ranvier.
C) axolemma.
D) terminals.
E) vesicles.

Question 68

Voltage-gated channels are present

A) at the motor end plate.
B) on the surface of dendrites.
C) in the membrane that covers axons.
D) on the soma of neurons.
E) along the perikaryon of neurons.

Question 69

Ion channels that are always open are called ________ channels.

A) active
B) gated
C) leak
D) regulated
E) local

Question 70

Which of the following is not involved in creating the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

A) diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell
B) diffusion of sodium ions into the cell
C) membrane permeability for sodium ions greater than potassium ions
D) membrane permeability for potassium ions greater than sodium ions
E) The interior of the plasma membrane has an excess of negative charges.

Question 71

Which of the following is not true regarding the establishment of a neuron's resting membrane potential?

A) Chemical and electrical forces both favor sodium ions entering the cell.
B) Electrical forces do not push sodium ions into the cell.
C) The chemical gradient for potassium ions tends to drive them out of the cell.
D) Ion pumps in the plasma membrane eject sodium ions as fast as they cross the membrane.
E) Resting membrane permeability to Na+ is very low.

Question 72

At the normal resting membrane potential of a typical neuron, its sodium-potassium exchange pump transports

A) 1 intracellular sodium ion for 2 extracellular potassium ions.
B) 2 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion.
C) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion.
D) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions.
E) 3 extracellular sodium ions for 2 intracellular potassium ions.

Question 73

Any stimulus that opens a ________ ion channel will produce a graded potential.

A) voltage-gated
B) chemically gated
C) sodium
D) mechanically gated
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 74

If the sodium-potassium pumps in the plasma membrane fail to function, all of the following occur except

A) the intracellular concentration of potassium ions will increase.
B) the neuron will slowly depolarize.
C) the membrane will slowly lose its capacity to generate action potentials.
D) the inside of the membrane will have a resting membrane potential that is more positive than normal.
E) the intracellular concentration of sodium ions will increase.

Question 75

________ open or close in response to binding specific molecules.

A) Leak channels
B) Activated channels
C) Chemically gated channels
D) Voltage-gated channels
E) Voltage-gated and chemically gated channels

Question 76

When potassium channels open and the ions diffuse through the membrane,

A) the inside of the membrane will become more positive.
B) the inside of the membrane will become more negative.
C) there will be almost no effect on transmembrane potential.
D) the membrane will become depolarized.
E) the membrane will depolarize to threshold.

Question 77

________ channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface.

A) Voltage-gated
B) Chemically gated
C) Active
D) Mechanically gated
E) Leak

Question 78

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

A) depolarization.
B) repolarization.
C) hyperpolarization.
D) increased negative charge inside the membrane.
E) inhibition.

Question 79

Which of the following can cause demyelination?

A) arsenic poisoning
B) diphtheria
C) multiple sclerosis
D) mercury exposure
E) Demyelination can be caused by arsenic, diphtheria, multiple sclerosis and mercury.

Question 80

The sodium-potassium ion exchange pump

A) must reestablish ion concentrations after each action potential.
B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization.
C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization.
D) moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their electrochemical gradients.
E) depends on a hydrogen gradient for energy.