Deck 2: Perception and Communication

Question 1

Ashley grew up in a poor neighborhood with parents who struggled to pay their bills.She was even homeless for several months as a child after her family was evicted from their apartment.As an adult,Ashley makes enough money to live comfortably,but she has a fuller understanding of socioeconomic class due to her experiences as a child.Ashley's perspective on class is an example of ____.

A)standpoint
B)self-serving bias
C)person-centered perception
D)cognitive schemata
E)constructivism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The attribution that explains that behaviors come from factors people can control or from those people cannot control is known as

A)locus.
B)stability.
C)scope.
D)responsibility.
E)None of these answers are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The attribution that explains actions as resulting from a global pattern or a specific instance is known as

A)locus.
B)stability.
C)scope.
D)responsibility.
E)None of these answers are correct.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

____ claims that we organize and experience our world through using cognitive schemata.

A)Social exchange theory
B)Uncertainty reduction theory
C)Constructivism
D)Attribution theory
E)Standpoint theory

Question 5

Stereotypes are inaccurate generalizations about groups.

Question 6

We passively receive stimuli from around us.

Question 7

Janet says,"I didn't get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day.However,Ellen didn't get an offer because she isn't qualified." This is an example of

A)construct differentiation.
B)stereotyping.
C)self-serving bias.
D)internal attributions.
E)scripting.

Question 8

Elijah goes into the library to find his friend Aimee who went there to study.He walks through the library until he sees her and then sits down beside her.Later Elijah's friend Marvin comes over and says,"Hey,man,why did you ignore me when you walked right past me a minute ago?" Elijah shakes his head,not knowing why he didn't see Marvin.Elijah's failure to see Martin when he was focusing on finding Aimee is an example of

A)noise.
B)selective perception.
C)insular listening.
D)biased perception.
E)assimilation.

Question 9

The reason Letitia yelled at me was because she is a mean person.This attribution

A)assumes an internal locus of control.
B)assumes a global explanation.
C)assumes Letitia's yelling is not stable.
D)assumes an internal locus of control and a global explanation.
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 10

Attributions include all of the following EXCEPT

A)abstraction.
B)stereotypes.
C)scripts.
D)constructs.
E)prototypes.

Question 11

Jill is nervous about her biology test and says to her roommate,"This is stupid! I'm stupid! I'm going to fail." When Jill gets her test back a week later,she learns that she did,in fact,fail the test.Jill engaged in ____.

A)mindreading
B)a self-fulfilling prophecy
C)an attribution
D)using a prototype
E)using a stereotype

Question 12

____ claims that a culture includes a number of social communities,and each one distinctively shapes the perceptions,identities,and opportunities of its members.

A)Social exchange theory
B)Uncertainty reduction theory
C)Constructivism
D)Attribution theory
E)Standpoint theory

Question 13

Shelli and Lisa are talking about their favorite teachers. They each have qualities and characteristics that they feel make the ideal teacher. What are Shelli and Lisa talking about?

A)personal constructs
B)scripts
C)prototypes
D)schemata 
E)person-centeredness 

Question 14

If we wish to enhance our competence and avoid problems of abstractions,we should 

A)recognize that all perceptions are subjective. 
B)avoid mind reading.
C)check our perception with others. 
D)distinguish between facts and inferences.
E)All of the above. 

Question 15

Jason passes Greg in the residence hall lobby and says hi. Greg does not say hi back. Jason expected Greg to say hello in return. Jason's expectation refer to?

A)personal constructs
B)scripts
C)schemata
D)schemata
E)person-centeredness 

Question 16

Phoebe and Bernard are lying on the grass,looking at the clouds passing overhead.Phoebe remarks that the clouds look like Elvis Presley,while Bernard thinks that he sees his Aunt Bessie.Phoebe's and Bernard's perspectives illustrate which of the following?

A)perceptual selection
B)perceptual organization
C)mindreading
D)self-serving bias
E)the subjective nature of perception

Question 17

The following are all influences on perception EXCEPT

A)age.
B)sensory abilities.
C)physiologies. 
D)physiological state.
E)socioeconomic status. 

Question 18

What is the term used for the ability to perceive another person as a unique and distinct individuals based on our knowledge of them?

A)personal construct
B)prototype
C)person-centered perception
D)constructive bias

Question 19

Bipolar mental yardsticks that allow us to position people and situations along dimensions of judgment are

A)personal constructs.
B)scripts.
C)prototypes. 
D)schemata.
E)person-centeredness 

Question 20

A prototype is a model that defines the most representative example of a category.

Question 21

A person's point of view as it is influenced by social circumstances is called the person's ____________________.

Question 22

____________________ refers to the number,abstractness,and elaborateness of constructs we use to perceive phenomena.

Question 23

Assuming we understand how another person thinks or perceives without asking that person is ____________________.

Question 24

Age does not influence perceptions;they are stable.

Question 25

Locus attributes what a person does based on internal or external factors.

Question 26

Our cognitive schemata reflect our membership in a culture and in specific social groups.

Question 27

An inference is based solely on facts gained from observing stimuli.

Question 28

Perceptions are subjective.

Question 29

Self-indication occurs when we point out certain things to ourselves.

Question 30

Empathy is the ability to feel with another person.

Question 31

____________________ is the process of selecting,organizing and interpreting people,objects,events,situations and activities.

Question 32

Cognitive complexity refers to the number of constructs used,how abstract they are,and how elaborately they interact to shape a person's perception.

Question 33

Stereotypes are generalizations that can be both useful and misleading.

Question 34

The person you think of as the ideal friend,or the best example of what a friend is like is your ____________________ for a friend.

Question 35

Attributing your strengths and good actions to your personal integrity while attributing your weaknesses and mistakes to external factors beyond your control is known as the ____________________.

Question 36

Interpretation is an objective process of explaining perceptions to assign meaning to them.

Question 37

Adults differ in cognitive complexity.

Question 38

____________________ is the ability to feel with another person⎯to feel what she or he feels in a situation.

Question 39

The perception process is a passive one.

Question 40

A(n)____________________ for a first date describes how you and another person are supposed to act on a first date.

Question 41

The ability to perceive another as a unique and distinct individual is known as ____________________.

Question 42

____________________ consists of beliefs,values,understandings,practices,and ways of interpreting experiences that are shared by a number of people.

Question 43

A(n)____________________ is a phenomenon that occurs when a person acts in ways consistent with a belief about him or herself.

Question 44

Using a specific example of an occasion when you engaged in mind reading while conversing with a friend or romantic partner,describe the encounter and explain how mind reading affected the conversation.

Question 45

____________________ is a theory that suggests that we organize and interpret our world based on the use of cognitive schemata.

Question 46

Communication competence is a key concept in this text.First,define communication competence and explain why it is important to communication.Next,choose a relationship that you would like to become more competent in,and briefly describe it.Note two specific things that you could do differently in order to increase your competency,identifying how your actions satisfy components of communication competence.

Question 47

Identify and explain the steps in the process of perception.