Deck 21: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) liver.
D) kidneys.
E) skin.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica

A) intima.
B) externa.
C) media.
D) interna.
E) adventitia.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

A) skeletal muscles.
B) cardiac muscle.
C) the pituitary gland.
D) bone.
E) skin.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following vessels changes diameter most readily to local conditions or SNS stimulation?

A) elastic arteries
B) arterioles
C) fenestrated capillaries
D) venules
E) veins

Question 5

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

A) tunica intima.
B) external elastic membrane.
C) tunica media.
D) internal elastic membrane.
E) tunica externa.

Question 6

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein

Question 7

What structure do RBCs move through single-file?

A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein

Question 8

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) veins.

Question 9

Compared to arteries, veins

A) are rounder in a sectional cut.
B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media.
C) have a pleated endothelium.
D) have thinner walls.
E) hold their shape better when cut.

Question 10

The smallest arterial branches are called the

A) muscular arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) veins.

Question 11

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins

Question 12

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in thearterial and capillary systems.

A) doubles; decreases
B) reduces; increases
C) decreases; doubles
D) increases; reduces
E) reduces; reduces

Question 13

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) veins.

Question 14

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

A) tunica intima
B) external elastic membrane
C) tunica media
D) internal elastic membrane
E) tunica externa

Question 15

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

A) tunica intima
B) external elastic membrane
C) tunica media
D) internal elastic membrane
E) tunica externa

Question 16

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

A) tunica intima
B) external elastic membrane
C) tunica media
D) internal elastic membrane
E) tunica externa

Question 17

In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the

A) tunica intima.
B) external elastic membrane.
C) tunica media.
D) internal elastic membrane.
E) tunica externa.

Question 18

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

A) continuous capillaries.
B) fenestrated capillaries.
C) sinusoidal capillaries.
D) sinusoids.
E) vasa vasorum.

Question 19

Venous valves are responsible for

A) preventing anterograde flow.
B) channeling blood away from the heart.
C) channeling blood toward the heart.
D) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle.
E) regulating blood pressure in veins.

Question 20

Of the following, which is an elastic artery?

A) the subclavian
B) the external carotid
C) the brachial
D) the femoral
E) the ulnar

Question 21

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

A) arteriolar
B) elastic
C) connective
D) muscular
E) vascular

Question 22

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

A) hypotension
B) quadriplegia
C) stroke
D) myocardial infarction
E) pulmonary embolism

Question 23

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

A) 30
B) 60
C) 20
D) 50
E) 25

Question 24

________ is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule.

A) arteriovenule joint
B) collateralization
C) arteriovenous anastomosis
D) arteriovenule junction
E) arch

Question 25

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

A) pulmonary arteries
B) capillaries
C) systemic arterioles
D) veins
E) arteries

Question 26

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
C) the respiratory pump.
D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
E) muscular compression.

Question 27

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

A) arterioles.
B) venules.
C) veins.
D) arteries.
E) capillaries.

Question 28

Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except

A) hypertension.
B) stroke.
C) coronary artery disease.
D) myocardial infarction.
E) diabetes.

Question 29

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) veins.
D) venules.
E) capillaries.

Question 30

The direct interconnection of two arteries is called an arterial

A) collateral.
B) anastomosis.
C) unification.
D) merger.
E) portal.

Question 31

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?

A) arteriolar
B) elastic
C) connective
D) muscular
E) vascular

Question 32

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins

Question 33

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

A) perforated capillaries.
B) discontinuous capillaries.
C) fenestrated capillaries.
D) sinuses.
E) vasa vasorum.

Question 34

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein

Question 35

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein

Question 36

What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta?
1) venules
2) arterioles
3) capillaries
4) elastic arteries
5) medium veins
6) large veins
7) muscular arteries

A) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
B) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
C) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
D) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
E) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6

Question 37

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

A) large veins
B) venules
C) medium veins
D) arteriovenules
E) venous valves

Question 38

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

A) vasa vasorum.
B) plexus.
C) precapillary sphincter.
D) thoroughfare channel.
E) venule.

Question 39

The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.

A) tunica capillaria
B) perfusion capillaries
C) vasa vasorum
D) vascular capillaries
E) cortical vessels

Question 40

Multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network are called

A) convergents.
B) arteriole beds.
C) portals.
D) connexons.
E) collaterals.

Question 41

The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the

A) venous reserve.
B) capacitance of veins.
C) vessel mobilization.
D) venous return.
E) vessel residual.

Question 42

What is the difference between elastic arteries and muscular arteries?

A) Elastic arteries have more smooth muscle than muscular arteries.
B) Muscular arteries have larger lumens than elastic arteries.
C) Elastic arteries have elastic fibers throughout the tunica media whereas muscular arteries have few elastic fibers in the tunica media.
D) Elastic arteries are closest to the arterioles and muscular arteries are farther away.
E) Elastic arteries have a larger tunica intima and tunica media compared to muscular arteries.

Question 43

Anti-angiogenic drugs are being used to decrease tumor growth. These drugs work by decreasing

A) cell division.
B) cell communication.
C) new blood vessel formation.
D) focal calcification.
E) vascular flow.

Question 44

Cardiovascular diseases typically affect

A) young children.
B) young women.
C) old men.
D) old men and old women.
E) young men.

Question 45

The condition known as ________ is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries.

A) arthritis
B) arteriosclerosis
C) stenosis
D) atherosclerosis
E) multiple sclerosis

Question 46

After the precapillary sphincter, blood enters a(n)

A) venule.
B) anastomosis.
C) vein.
D) arteriole.
E) thoroughfare channel.

Question 47

The tunica intima consists of

A) stratified squamous epithelium.
B) simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue.
C) smooth muscle and loose connective tissue.
D) simple squamous epithelium and smooth muscle.
E) loose connective tissue.

Question 48

In the condition known as ________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and stiffer.

A) arthritis
B) arteriosclerosis
C) stenosis
D) atherosclerosis
E) multiple sclerosis

Question 49

Distension of the superficial veins caused by weakened valves is termed

A) hemorrhoids.
B) venoconstriction.
C) vaso vasorum.
D) varicose veins.
E) venous reserve.

Question 50

________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery.

A) aneurysm
B) stroke
C) vascular edema
D) arteriosclerosis
E) atherosclerosis

Question 51

Which of the following is not a commonly palpated arterial pressure point?

A) axillary
B) radial
C) brachial
D) femoral
E) popliteal

Question 52

What is the primary reason cardiovascular disease affects older women and not younger women?

A) Older women are less likely to smoke.
B) Older women are less likely to see a doctor.
C) Older women lack estrogen.
D) Older women are more likely to have osteoporosis.
E) Older women lack growth hormone.

Question 53

Monocytes filled with lipid that attach to the endothelial lining in atherosclerosis are termed

A) lipoproteins.
B) foam cells.
C) Kuppfer cells.
D) fibrocytes.
E) adipocytes.

Question 54

________ form elaborate capillary networks within tissues that allow for very slow blood flow.

A) Varicosities
B) Sinusoids
C) Foramina
D) Portal systems
E) Perfusion centers

Question 55

In the bone marrow, new blood cells must enter the circulation through

A) arterioles.
B) continuous capillaries.
C) fenestrated capillaries.
D) sinusoidal capillaries.
E) venules.

Question 56

Resistance is a force that

A) increases blood flow.
B) decreases blood flow.
C) never changes in a blood vessel.
D) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel.
E) is always higher than blood pressure.

Question 57

What are the layers of blood vessels from outside to inside?

A) tunica intima; tunica externa; tunica media
B) tunica intima; tunica media; tunica externa
C) tunica media; tunica externa; tunica interna
D) tunica externa; tunica interna; tunica media
E) tunica externa; tunica media; tunica interna

Question 58

Which vessel has only the tunica intima layer?

A) artery
B) vein
C) arteriole
D) venule
E) capillary

Question 59

A genetic condition that leads to the inability to absorb and recycle cholesterol in the liver is

A) focal calcification.
B) familial hypercholesterolemia.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) arteriosclerosis.
E) coronary artery disease.

Question 60

Points where a muscular artery can be compressed against a bone to control severe bleeding are called

A) decompression points.
B) palpation points.
C) diastolic points.
D) regulation points.
E) pressure points.

Question 61

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the

A) length of a blood vessel.
B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
C) turbulence.
D) blood viscosity.
E) blood vessel diameter.

Question 62

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases.
B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.
C) veins constrict.
D) arterioles dilate.
E) arterioles constrict.

Question 63

Blood pressure is determined by

A) measuring the size of the pulse.
B) listening carefully to the pulse.
C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
D) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel.
E) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.

Question 64

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

A) critical closing
B) mean arterial
C) pulse
D) blood
E) circulatory

Question 65

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

A) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
B) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long
C) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long
D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

Question 66

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

A) 210
B) 100
C) 93
D) 105
E) 90

Question 67

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

A) arteriovenous pressure.
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.
C) arterial pressure.
D) peripheral pressure.
E) pulse pressure.

Question 68

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

A) decreased plasma albumin
B) increased blood hydrostatic pressure
C) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure
D) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
E) increased plasma albumin and decreased blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 69

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

A) doubled.
B) halved.
C) four times greater.
D) 1/4 as much.
E) unchanged.

Question 70

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

A) concentration of plasma sodium ions.
B) concentration of plasma glucose.
C) concentration of plasma waste products.
D) concentration of plasma proteins.
E) number of red blood cells.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.
B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.
C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.
D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.
E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

Question 72

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

A) increased sympathetic stimulation.
B) elevated levels of epinephrine.
C) vasodilation.
D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.
E) elevated hematocrit.

Question 73

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

A) pressure builds.
B) pressure drops.
C) flow becomes turbulent.
D) viscosity increases.
E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

Question 74

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

A) cardiac output.
B) peripheral resistance.
C) blood volume.
D) parasympathetic innervation.
E) force of cardiac contraction.

Question 75

Blood pressure is lowest in the

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) veins.

Question 76

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein

Question 77

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

A) venous pressure.
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.
C) diastolic pressure.
D) peripheral pressure.
E) pulse pressure.

Question 78

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

A) artery.
B) arteriole.
C) capillary.
D) venule.
E) vein.

Question 79

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except

A) increased hematocrit.
B) increased vessel diameter.
C) increased blood pressure.
D) decreased peripheral resistance.
E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

Question 80

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.

A) much higher than
B) somewhat higher than
C) equal to
D) somewhat lower than
E) much lower than