Question 1

Kayley has all of the symptoms of a urinary tract infection over a holiday weekend.She recalls that in the past,the urinary analgesic,phenazopyridine,has relieved her symptoms very quickly,so she asks a friend to pick some up for her rather than braving a crowded health clinic.As before,Kayley gets rapid relief of her symptoms.Should Kayley be concerned about anything else?

A)Yes.Phenazopyridine treats the symptoms,but will not cure the infection,so she still needs to see her doctor.
B)Possibly.If the infection was caused by bacteria,she will be fine,but if it was caused by a virus,she will need to see her doctor.
C)No.If the phenazopyridine has alleviated the symptoms,she should be just fine.
D)Possibly.If she experiences a return of symptoms after taking the phenazopyridine for a week,she should see her doctor.

Accepted Answer

Phenazopyridine only treats the symptoms and does not cure the UTI, so Kayley still needs to see her doctor to receive proper treatment.

Question 2

Phillip,who has cirrhosis,is being treated with a diuretic.What diuretic is he most likely being given?&#10;A)spironolactone&#10;B)metolazone&#10;C)hydrochlorothiazide&#10;D)torsemide

Accepted Answer

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic commonly used in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. It is preferred over loop diuretics (such as torsemide) as they can cause electrolyte imbalances and worsen hepatic encephalopathy. Thiazide diuretics (such as hydrochlorothiazide) are not effective in patients with cirrhosis as they require adequate renal function which may not be present in these patients. Metolazone can also cause significant electrolyte imbalances and is not commonly used in cirrhosis management.

Question 3

Pamela has multiple sclerosis and has developed neurogenic bladder with both frequent urination and urinary urgency.How might antispasmodics help?&#10;A)By increasing her awareness of the need to urinate&#10;B)By decreasing bladder tone and suppressing bladder contractions&#10;C)By producing dehydration and decreasing the need for urination&#10;D)By blocking nerve impulses to and from the bladder

Accepted Answer

Antispasmodics work by decreasing bladder tone and suppressing bladder contractions, which can help relieve symptoms of a neurogenic bladder including frequent urination and urinary urgency. They do not increase awareness of the need to urinate or produce dehydration, nor do they block nerve impulses to and from the bladder.

Question 4

Tate's brain begins to swell following surgery to fix an aneurysm and he is given a diuretic What diuretic is preferred to reduce intracranial pressure?&#10;A)triamterene&#10;B)bumetanide&#10;C)mannitol&#10;D)hydrochlorothiazide

Accepted Answer

Mannitol is the preferred diuretic to reduce intracranial pressure in cases of cerebral edema or swelling. It works by creating an osmotic gradient that draws excess water out of the brain and into the bloodstream, thereby reducing pressure on the brain tissue. Triamterene, bumetanide, and hydrochlorothiazide are not typically used for this purpose.

Question 5

Parker is having an acute gout attack and is in pain.If he starts soon after symptoms begin,what should provide him with effective pain control?&#10;A)a heating pad set to as high a level as he can withstand&#10;B)NSAIDs&#10;C)low-dose opiates&#10;D)rest,ice,compression,and elevation

Accepted Answer

NSAIDs are the first-line medication for acute gout attacks and provide effective pain control. A heating pad may exacerbate inflammation and should be avoided. Low-dose opiates may be used in cases where NSAIDs are contraindicated or ineffective, but they are not the first choice. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation are helpful for some types of injuries but are not specific treatments for gout pain.

Question 6

Magdalena is prescribed a diuretic to help prevent the formation of stones associated with hypercalciuria.What type of diuretic is most effective for this purpose?&#10;A)loop&#10;B)diuretic&#10;C)thiazide&#10;D)potassium-sparing

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretics are the most effective type of diuretic for preventing the formation of stones associated with hypercalciuria. They work by reducing the amount of calcium excreted in the urine, which helps prevent the formation of stones. Loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and other types of diuretics are not as effective for this purpose.

Question 7

Earl has chronic gout and takes probenecid,a uricosuric agent.How do uricosuric agents act?&#10;A)By reducing both pain and inflammation&#10;B)By promoting urinary excretion of uric acid&#10;C)By increasing formation of uric acid&#10;D)By reducing inflammation

Accepted Answer

Uricosuric agents work by increasing the excretion of uric acid in the urine, resulting in lower levels of uric acid in the blood. This helps to prevent the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints, which can cause gout attacks. Uricosuric agents do not have any anti-inflammatory properties and do not reduce pain or inflammation associated with gout attacks.

Question 8

Erin has cirrhosis.What diuretic is often recommended for patients with cirrhosis?&#10;A)metolazone&#10;B)spironolactone&#10;C)mannitol&#10;D)bumetanide

Accepted Answer

Spironolactone is often recommended for patients with cirrhosis as it is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can help to reduce fluid accumulation without further depleting electrolytes. Other diuretics such as loop diuretics (bumetanide) and osmotic diuretics (mannitol) may also be used, but spironolactone is often the preferred choice in this patient population. Metolazone, a thiazide diuretic, may not be as effective in patients with cirrhosis due to decreased renal function.

Question 9

Albert is taking dutasteride,an antiandrogen,for benign prostatic hyperplasia.What is the action of this drug?&#10;A)It alters the size of the ureters,through which urine passes.&#10;B)It shrinks abnormal prostate cells.&#10;C)It causes the prostate to atrophy.&#10;D)It suppresses prostate growth.

Accepted Answer

Dutasteride is an antiandrogen drug that works by suppressing prostate growth. It inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is responsible for stimulating prostate growth. This drug can be used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), in which the prostate gland becomes enlarged and causes urinary problems. Dutasteride helps to reduce urinary symptoms and improve urinary flow by reducing the size of the prostate gland.

Question 10

Anya has edema associated with heart failure.The diuretics of choice when treating this type of edema are .&#10;A)thiazide diuretics&#10;B)osmotic diuretics&#10;C)potassium-sparing diuretics&#10;D)loop diuretics

Accepted Answer

Loop diuretics are the diuretics of choice when treating edema associated with heart failure because they are effective in removing excess fluid and reducing preload. They work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle, which increases the excretion of water and electrolytes. Thiazide diuretics are less effective in cases of severe edema and are primarily used to treat hypertension. Osmotic diuretics act by increasing osmotic pressure in the nephron, which reduces the reabsorption of water, but they are not typically used for heart failure-related edema. Potassium-sparing diuretics are ineffective at reducing edema in heart failure and have a risk of hyperkalemia.

Question 11

Dimitri is being treated with prednisone for gout.Prednisone is likely to be used when the patient .&#10;A)has chronic gout&#10;B)is also taking probenecid&#10;C)cannot tolerate NSAIDs&#10;D)cannot tolerate colchicine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dimitri is being treated with prednisone for...

Question 12

Parker is given colchicine during his acute grout attack.What is the action of colchicine?&#10;A)It decreases uric acid clearance.&#10;B)It relieves inflammation.&#10;C)It decreases pain.&#10;D)It increases uric acid production.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Parker is given colchicine during his acute...

Question 13

Following major abdominal surgery.Tommy has difficult urinating.What type of drug might help with this condition?&#10;A)an uricosuric agent&#10;B)a cholinergic&#10;C)a xanthine oxidase inhibitors&#10;D)an antiandrogen

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following major abdominal surgery.Tommy has difficult urinating.What...

Question 14

Earl is unable to tolerate his medication for chronic gout and is switched to a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.How do xanthine oxidase inhibitors act?&#10;A)By decreasing serum and urinary levels of uric acid&#10;B)By decreasing inflammation&#10;C)By decreasing pain&#10;D)By increasing uric acid formation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Earl is unable to tolerate his medication...

Question 15

William has just been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia.What class of drugs is considered to be first line therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia?&#10;A)antiandrogens&#10;B)PDE inhibitors&#10;C)alpha-blockers&#10;D)chilinergics

Accepted Answer

The answer of William has just been diagnosed with benign...

Question 16

To his surprise,Andy is prescribed a phosphodiesterase (PDE)inhibitor to treat his benign prostatic hyperplasia,which he knows to also be used to treat erectile dysfunction.What PDE inhibitor has been approved for this use?

A)febuxostat
B)tadalafil
C)darifenacin
D)probenecid

Accepted Answer

The answer of To his surprise,Andy is prescribed a phosphodiesterase...

Question 17

Killian is taking a diuretic that acts more rapidly and is more effective than a thiazide diuretic,but does not lower blood pressure as well.What type of diuretic has been prescribed?&#10;A)osmotic&#10;B)potassium-sparing&#10;C)atypical&#10;D)loop

Accepted Answer

The answer of Killian is taking a diuretic that acts...

Question 18

Your friend's grandfather has been placed on the most often used type of diuretic.You suspect that he is taking a(n) ____.&#10;A)potassium-sparing diuretic&#10;B)loop diuretic&#10;C)osmotic diuretic&#10;D)thiazide diuretic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend's grandfather has been placed on...

Question 19

Roger is taking a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that has a lower risk of hypersensitivity reactions than allopurinol,but a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events.What is the medication?&#10;A)febuxostat&#10;B)colchicine&#10;C)tolterodine&#10;D)probenecid

Accepted Answer

The answer of Roger is taking a xanthine oxidase inhibitor...

Question 20

Your friend is wondering why his grandfather has recently been put on diuretics.You explain that diuretics are typically given to .&#10;A)reduce circulating fluid volume to help treat edema and hypertension&#10;B)improve urinary flow in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy&#10;C)decrease pain associated with urinary tract infections&#10;D)decrease the buildup of uric acid

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend is wondering why his grandfather...

Question 21

A diuretic is prescribed for Kevin,and he is counseled about the risk of taking salicylates concurrently.What diuretic is known to increase the risk of salicylate toxicity?&#10;A)triamterene&#10;B)furosemide&#10;C)mannitol&#10;D)hydrochlorothiazide

Accepted Answer

The answer of A diuretic is prescribed for Kevin,and he...

Question 22

Burt is taking an alpha blocker to treat his benign prostatic hyperplasia.How will the alpha blocker act?&#10;A)By killing abnormal prostate cells and preventing further prostate growth&#10;B)By causing prostatic atrophy&#10;C)By relaxing smooth muscles in the bladder neck and prostate,improving urinary flow&#10;D)By decreasing the rate of prostatic growth

Accepted Answer

The answer of Burt is taking an alpha blocker to...

Question 23

Your friend's grandfather is placed on a diuretic and counseled to eat lots of bananas and citrus fruits.Why?&#10;A)Certain diuretics can cause potassium depletion and bananas and citrus fruits are rich in potassium.&#10;B)The vitamin C in the fruits will help prevent adverse reactions associated with diuretics.&#10;C)Eating fruit will help him avoid the constipation that is associated with many diuretics.&#10;D)Fruits are an important part of a healthy diet.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend's grandfather is placed on a...

Question 24

You are providing Pamela with information about the extended release antispasmodic formulation that has been prescribed to treat her neurogenic bladder.What should she know?&#10;A)She should see an effect within 7 to 10 days.&#10;B)She should not crush or chew the tablets.&#10;C)She must take them with a large amount of water.&#10;D)She should not do Kegel exercises (pelvic floor strengthening)while on the medication

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are providing Pamela with information about...

Question 25

Parker is instructed to drink lots of fluids while taking colchicine for an acute gout attack.Why?&#10;A)To increase production of uric acid&#10;B)To prevent dehydration&#10;C)To facilitate excretion of uric acid crystals&#10;D)To aid in the metabolism of the colchicine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Parker is instructed to drink lots of...

Deck 15: Urinary System Drugs