Deck 16: Gastrointestinal Drugs

Question 1

Jacinta is a frail 92-year-old with a history of ulcers from the NSAIDs she takes for arthritis.Her doctor prescribes synthetic prostaglandin that inhibits gastric acid secretion and protects the mucosa from the irritant effect of certain drugs.What is this drug most likely to be?

A)misoprostol
B)lansoprazole
C)ketoconazole
D)cimetidine

Answer 1

misoprostol

Question 2

Your friend Lyn has been prescribed an antibiotic for a sinus infection.She is concerned that the antibiotic will kill off the "good" bacteria in her gut and has not even started taking it,despite being very uncomfortable from the infection.What probiotic yeast could she take to prevent the diarrhea that is sometimes associated with antibiotic use?

A)bifidobacterium
B)akkermansia muciniphila
C)lactobacillus
D)saccharomyces boulardii

Answer 2

saccharomyces boulardii

Question 3

Tina has chronic health problems requiring medications that irritate the gastric mucosa and may cause ulcers.Her doctor prescribes a medication that,when taken on an empty stomach,forms a paste that adheres to the mucosa and protects it from irritation.What drug has most likely been prescribed?

A)cimetidine
B)diphenoxylate
C)omeprazole
D)sucralfate

Answer 3

sucralfate

Question 4

Pedro is stunned when he suddenly becomes violently dizzy,falls against the wall,and is nauseated.His doctor rules out infections and other possible causes and diagnoses Pedro with vertigo.What antiemetic is indicated for use with vertigo?

A)dimenhydrinate
B)meclizine
C)mesalamine
D)lubiprostone

Question 5

Lela is worried that her antacid may increase her risk of osteoporosis.What type of antacid is this?

A)calcium carbonate
B)sodium bicarbonate
C)magnesium
D)aluminum

Question 6

Christal is eight months pregnant,and in addition to having back pain,leg cramps,insomnia,shortness of breath,and exhaustion,she is constipated.What category of laxative is commonly used for pregnant women and nursing mothers?

A)saline laxatives
B)stimulant laxatives
C)stool softeners
D)cathartics

Question 7

Zach has Crohn's disease.His doctor has prescribed a salicylate to help reduce inflammation.What drug is he likely taking?

A)simethicone
B)mesalamine
C)omeprazole
D)famotidine

Question 8

Sherri has GERD and takes a medication that increases her risk of Clostridium difficile infection.What type of medication is this?

A)proton pump inhibitor
B)gastric mucosal agent
C)H₂ blocker
D)antispasmodic

Question 9

Gabriel has developed diarrhea as a result of taking an antacid.What does the antacid likely contain?

A)calcium carbonate
B)magnesium
C)sodium bicarbonate
D)aluminum

Question 10

Lizzy has irritable bowel syndrome and is taking the drug dicyclomine.Dicyclomine acts by .

A)forming a protective barrier
B)decreasing pain
C)decreasing GI transit time
D)deccreasing GI motility

Question 11

Luis has severe,active inflammatory bowel disease that has not not adequately treated with salicylates.What type of drug might be tried next?

A)H₂-blockers
B)PPIs
C)glucocorticoids
D)NSAIDs

Question 12

Vanya's grandmother is against taking drugs in general,but decides to take an over-the-counter medication for diarrhea.Vanya informs her that some antidiarrheal medications can contain a controlled substance known as .

A)lansoprazole
B)diphenoxylate
C)mesalamine
D)metronidazole

Question 13

Wallace is a firm believer in a daily dose of milk of magnesia.It worked for his mother and it works for him.What type of drug is milk of magnesia?

A)osmotic laxative
B)saline laxative
C)bulk-forming laxative
D)stimulant laxative

Question 14

Ricardo is taking the antibiotic tetracycline and finds that it is making him sick to his stomach.Is it safe for him to take an antacid?

A)Absolutely.No adverse reactions or contraindications have been reported for antacids.
B)It depends.Antacids can decrease the effectiveness to tetracyclines,so they should be taken at least two hours apart.
C)No.Antacids and tetracyclines interact and may cause toxicity.
D)It depends.Certain antacids are known to potentiate the effects of tetracyclines.

Question 15

Jago takes an anticholinergic/antimuscarinic drug for the treatment of a gastrointestinal condition.What does he likely have?

A)GERD
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)severe constipation
D)an ulcer

Question 16

Eighty-seven-year-old Gideon has been taking high doses of a proton pump inhibitor for over a year.Given his age,are there any concerns?

A)Yes.At his age and for that period of time at a high dose,it is likely that the PPI has caused esophageal strictures.
B)Probably not,but he should be switched to another PPI just to be safe because of his age.
C)No.PPIs are very safe drugs,even when high doses are taken for long periods of time.
D)Yes.When taken for over a year,particularly at high doses,PPIs may increase the risk of fracture in persons older than 50.

Question 17

As you wait in a drug store check-out line,you read the label on the bismuth subsalicylate antidiarrheal you're holding.You notice that it should not be used by children or adolescents recovering from chicken pox or influenza.Why is a product with bismuth subsalicylate potentially dangerous to children and adolescents recovering from chicken pox or influenza?

A)Because it contains an opioid and is addictive
B)Because the patient may develop an intestinal intussusception
C)Because there is a risk of Reye's syndrome
D)Because there is a high risk of overdose

Question 18

Ariella is taking a drug for GERD that acts by blocking H₂ receptors and reducing the amount of gastric acid released in response to stimuli such as food and caffeine.One such drug is .

A)ranitidine
B)lansoprazole
C)sucralfate
D)misoprostol

Question 19

Emilee will start chemotherapy for cancer next week.She knows the agents she will be given typically produce severe nausea and vomiting.What type of antiemetic is indicated for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting?

A)anticholinergics
B)serotonin receptor antagonists
C)meclizine and related drugs
D)antidopaminergics

Question 20

Oran is taking a bulk-forming laxative for constipation.Bulk-forming laxatives work by .

A)promoting secretion of water into the intestinal lumen
B)moistening the stool through a detergent action
C)softening and coating the stool with a lubricant
D)softening the stool by absorbing water and increasing fecal mass to facilitate defecation

Question 21

Esteban works in a nursing home and notices that quite a few patients have had episodes of C.difficile diarrhea (CDD),which he knows to be one of the most common types of infectious diarrheas in the U.S.Why might CDD be so common in nursing homes?

A)Staff are typically overworked and may be tired and careless,so patients do not get needed toileting assistance.
B)Overcrowded conditions and shared dining and bathroom facilities may increase transmission.
C)CDD is associated with the eradication of native intestinal flora with broad-spectrum antimicrobials and overuse of PPI and H₂ blocker therapy.
D)The poor personal hygiene of habits of some patients,particularly those with dementia,increases everyone's risk.

Question 22

Randall has long attributed his ulcer to his high stress job as a bond trader and is astounded when his doctor tells him his ulcer is likely to be associated with an infection instead.What infectious agent has been associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer?

A)S.aureus
B)H.pylori
C)E.coli
D)C.difficile

Question 23

Warren has been a firm believer in a daily dose of milk of magnesia for most of his life.Is using this substance a safe practice?

A)Yes.Over-the-counter laxatives are sold over-the-counter because they are safe.
B)Probably.As long as Wallace is generally healthy,he can take it every day for the rest of his life without concern.
C)We don't know.This depends on what other medications he is taking.
D)No.Frequent use may be associated with electrolyte imbalance,CNS symptoms,and other potentially serious adverse effects.

Question 24

Agnes has heartburn,which is also called .

A)IBS
B)dyspepsia
C)GERD
D)pyrosis

Question 25

Cece has been taking antacids for acid indigestion nearly every day for years.She reasons that they would not be sold over-the-counter,right next to toothpaste and eyeliner,if they were not safe.Is Cece's use of antacids safe?

A)Probably not.Antacids may interact with some medications,but if Cece is not taking those,she is safe.
B)Yes.Antacids are very safe and Cece has nothing to worry about.
C)Possibly.The use of antacids for more than two weeks may mask signs of gastrointestinal bleeding or cancer.
D)No.Chronic use of antacids typically produces a paradoxical reaction that causes increases in stomach cancers.