Deck 8: Managing Change and Innovation

Question 1

Organizational development involves the application of behavioral science techniques to improve an organization's effectiveness and success.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An idea incubator is an in-house program that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People change starts with training everyone in the organization.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Training is one of the most frequently used approaches to changing people's mind-sets.

Question 5

Survey feedback is intended to enhance the cohesiveness and success of organizational groups and teams.

Question 6

Three types of issues that are often addressed through organizational development are mergers/acquisitions, organizational decline/revitalization, and conflict management.

Question 7

The idea in the large-group intervention is to get a sample of people who may have an interest in the organization, gather perspectives from those parts of the system, and allow the sample to create a collective future.

Question 8

The unfreezing stage makes people throughout the organization aware of problems and the need for change.

Question 9

Acceptance of mistakes, freedom to discuss ideas, and assignment of nonspecialists to problems are characteristics of creative organizations or departments.

Question 10

An ambidextrous approach means incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and the systematic implementation of innovations.

Question 11

Organizational change refers to the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization.

Question 12

Lack of trust is perhaps the biggest obstacle to organizational change.

Question 13

Confrontation, authoritarianism, and disciplined exploration are characteristics of the creative individual.

Question 14

Two possible tactics for overcoming resistance to change are coercion and negotiation.

Question 15

The disparity between actual and desired performance levels is the need for change.

Question 16

The horizontal linkage model is increasingly important in high-pressure business environments that require rapidly developing and commercializing products and services.

Question 17

Restraining forces can be thought of as problems or opportunities that provide motivation for change within the organization.

Question 18

A person who sees the need for and actively supports productive change within their organization is called an idea champion.

Question 19

A change agent is an organizational development specialist who performs a systematic diagnosis of the organization and identifies work-related problems.

Question 20

The communication and education approach for overcoming resistance to change should be used when the change is technical and the users need accurate information and analysis to understand change.

Question 21

People change is a major shift in the norms, values, and mind-set of the entire organization.

Question 22

New-venture teams facilitate entrepreneurship within organizations.

Question 23

Successful change requires that organizations be capable of both creating and implementing ideas, which means the organization must learn to be ______.

A)cordial
B)rightsized
C)ambidextrous
D)compliant
E)intra-focused

Question 24

Ashley has average technical skills, but her real strengths are visualizing the benefits of other's ideas and finding financial and political support for these ideas, which she often does.Ashley is an excellent example of a(n) _____.

A)critic
B)sponsor
C)idea champion
D)inventor
E)bureaucrat

Question 25

Summit Care Center has a long history of jumping on every trendy management and organizational bandwagon that comes along.Oddly, while executives often seem to benefit from these trends, frontline workers often find themselves "rightsized" out of their jobs or, if their positions are not eliminated, with a much heavier workload.Summit management has just informed employees that they are implementing another management change and they are met with considerable resistance.What is the most likely reason Summit employees are resistant to this particular change?

A)Lack of information
B)Self-interest
C)Lack of understanding 
D)Ambiguity
E)Competitors

Question 26

When used following mergers or acquisitions, organizational development often addresses _____, a major cause of strife and even failure.

A)lack of trust
B)poor morale
C)differences in corporate culture
D)lack of innovation
E)high turnover

Question 27

High-Low Productions recently appointed 75 employees and external stakeholders to a temporary group charged with discussing problems and opportunities and gathering perspectives on changes that need to take place within the company.High-Low Productions is utilizing which of the following?

A)Organizational development
B)Skunkworks
C)Telecommuting
D)Focus group
E)Large-group intervention

Question 28

Cyrus's Resort has proposed some major structural changes within its organization.Some of the employees fear that they will lose power with the changes.They begin voicing resistance to the changes.Which of the following barriers to change are they exhibiting?

A)Disagreements about benefits
B)Self-interest
C)Lack of understanding and trust
D)Uncertainty
E)Different assessments and goals

Question 29

The large-group intervention approach to culture change leads to incremental changes.

Question 30

Creative organizations _______.

A)have an unusually high number of routine jobs
B)are loosely structured
C)have little ambiguity
D)have too many layers of management
E)use a centralized decision-making approach

Question 31

For the compact disc industry, the advent of MP3 technology can best be described as which type of innovation?

A)Disruptive
B)Service
C)Productive
D)Restructuring
E)Reverse

Question 32

The horizontal linkage model is particularly useful when _____.

A)products such as pharmaceuticals have complex, lengthy development periods are involved
B)the corporation is already dominant but wants to become more dominant
C)rapid development and commercialization of new products and services is involved
D)there is widespread divisiveness within the organization
E)the corporation is well-established and stable

Question 33

In organizations, beneficial change, like the adoption of innovative processes and technologies, can and does occur by itself.

Question 34

Which of the following provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics?

A)A boiler room
B)A sponsor
C)A new-venture team
D)An idea incubator
E)An inventor

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of the large-group intervention model?

A)Results in incremental change
B)Learning for the small group
C)Addresses the entire system
D)Gradual time frame
E)Limited distribution

Question 36

Why might companies emphasize training and development for managers? 

A)Training other staff is too disruptive to operations.
B)Companies simply do not want to invest in lower-level employees.
C)They hope that managerial training and development will lead to behavior change and diffuse throughout the company.
D)This is because they do not understand the importance of training all staff.
E)There are not many training programs suitable for non-managers.

Question 37

"The Brain" is a permanent secret group within one of the nation's largest auto manufacturers.Members of this elite group focus intently on developing new and innovative automobile technologies."The Brain" can best be described as a ______.

A)cross-functional team
B)fast-cycle team
C)brainstorming team
D)skunkworks
E)new-venture team

Question 38

According to Fast Company, in 2016, __________ was ranked as the World's Most Innovative Company.

A)BuzzFeed
B)Black Lives Matter
C)Amazon
D)Taco Bell
E)Uber

Question 39

The traditional organizational development model focuses on a specific problem or group.

Question 40

Artful Innovations Inc.operates with open channels of communication and an established suggestion system that encourages brainstorming and freewheeling discussions.Artful Innovations can best be described as a(n) ______ organization.

A)experimental
B)cooperative
C)entrepreneurial
D)disruptive
E)creative

Question 41

__________ systems schedule materials to arrive at a company just as they are needed on the production line.

A)Mass customization
B)LIFO
C)First-in, first-out
D)Just-in-time inventory
E)Last-in, last-out

Question 42

The _____ strategy recognizes that the cutting edge of innovation often happens with young, small, entrepreneurial companies rather than inside the walls of established firms.

A)Innovation-by-acquisition
B)fast-cycle team
C)brainstorming team
D)skunkworks
E)new-venture team

Question 43

The __________ approach is particularly appropriate when users need to feel involved and have the power to effectively resist the proposed change.

A)negotiation
B)top management support
C)participation
D)coercion
E)education

Question 44

When it comes to dealing with employee resistance, managers should ______.

A)ignore it and do what needs to be done
B)explain once to employees why they are wrong and then implement the change
C)recognize that if employees don't want to change, the change should probably be abandoned
D)call employees in one by one and tell them to change or leave
E)recognize that the resistance is often legitimate from the employees' point of view

Question 45

__________ change is related to the organization's production process-how the organization does its work.

Question 46

Before implementing new changes in work schedules, Trudy's Trinkets works with the union to ensure a smooth transition.Which of the following approaches to change is Trudy's using?

A)Negotiation
B)Top management support
C)Participation
D)Coercion
E)Education

Question 47

Driving forces are _____, while restraining forces are _____.

A)barriers; problems
B)opportunities; barriers
C)problems; opportunities
D)barriers; opportunities
E)blockages; barriers

Question 48

When trying to overcome resistance to change, which of the following approaches is best suited when change is technical?

A)Coercion
B)Top management support
C)Negotiation
D)Participation
E)Communication

Question 49

Which approach taps into ideas from around the world and lets thousands or hundreds of thousands of people participate in the innovation process, usually via the Internet?

A)Brainstorming
B)The fast-cycle team
C)Crowdsourcing 
D)Skunkworks
E)The new-venture team

Question 50

Top management support is to _____ as participation is to _____.

A)change involving multiple departments; a design that requires information from others
B)users having power; initiators having power
C)technical change; change in the time of crisis
D)one group losing; most groups losing
E)users doubting the legitimacy of the change; users needing information about the change

Question 51

The innovation strategy of _________ refers to creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing.

Question 52

The term __________  means that managers put in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation.

Question 53

Team building is to _____ as large-group interventions are to _____.

A)identifying problems; solving problems
B)creating a vision; creating a mission
C)enhanced cohesiveness; creating a collective future
D)changing the culture; changing people
E)enhancing group success; developing problem solutions

Question 54

Communication is to _____ as coercion is to _____.

A)change involving multiple departments; a design that requires information from others
B)users having power; initiators having power
C)technical change; change in the time of crisis
D)one group losing; most groups losing
E)users doubting the legitimacy of the change; users needing information about the change

Question 55

__________ is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization.

Question 56

__________ involves extending the search for and commercialization of new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry.

Question 57

The traditional approach to organizational development _____, while the large-group intervention approach _____.

A)distributes information on a limited basis; distributes information widely
B)gets information from the organization and environment; gets information only from the organization
C)focuses on the entire system; focuses on a specific group or problem
D)has a fast time frame; has a gradual time frame
E)produces transformation; produces incremental change

Question 58

The biggest obstacle to organizational change is probably _____.

A)cynicism about management intentions
B)lack of understanding
C)fear of personal loss
D)laziness
E)different assessments and goals

Question 59

Sandbox Sam's, Inc.was sharply criticized by state inspectors for not requiring that employees wear personal protective equipment for both their eyes and ears while working in production, Harry, a manager in production, has tried explaining the importance of eye and ear production, only to be met with comments like "would you repeat that, I couldn't hear you." Harry tried walking the floor and handing out the equipment, but employees frequently discarded it when they went on break.Recently, with the support of the human resources manager, Harry has begun imposing one-day suspensions without pay for failure to wear the protection.Which of the following approaches to change implementation is Harry using?

A)Negotiation
B)Top management support
C)Participation
D)Coercion
E)Education

Question 60

Team building is to _____ as survey feedback is to _____.

A)identifying problems; solving problems
B)creating a vision; creating a mission
C)enhanced cohesiveness; creating a collective future
D)changing the culture; changing people
E)enhancing group success; problem solving

Question 61

A(n) __________ is an organizational program that provides a safe harbor where employees can generate and develop ideas without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.

Question 62

__________ forces are the various barriers to change, such as a lack of resources, resistance from middle managers, or inadequate employee skills.

Question 63

A(n) __________ approach means incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and the systematic implementation of innovations.

Question 64

Some companies use __________ innovation by creating innovative, low-cost products for emerging markets and then quickly and inexpensively repackaging them for sale in developed countries.

Question 65

The OD intervention that enhances cohesiveness by helping groups of people learn to work together as a team is called __________.

Question 66

__________ symbolizes to all employees that the change is important for the organization.

Question 67

List the five specific tactics that can be used to overcome employee resistance to change.

Question 68

__________ taps into ideas from around the world and lets thousands or hundreds of thousands of people participate in the innovation process, usually via the Internet.

Question 69

List the four reasons why employees tend to resist change.

Question 70

A __________ is a separate small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business.

Question 71

An OD specialist who performs a systematic diagnosis of the organization and identifies work-related problems is called a __________.

Question 72

__________ is lack of information about future events.

Question 73

The application of behavioral science knowledge to improve an organization's health and effectiveness is known as __________.

Question 74

The OD intervention in which questionnaires on organizational climate and other factors are distributed among employees and the results reported back to them by a change agent is called __________.

Question 75

Kurt Lewin proposed that change was a result of the competition between __________ and __________ forces.

Question 76

Innovative companies use a __________, which means encouraging the flow of ideas from lower levels and making sure they get heard and acted upon by top executives.

Question 77

__________ refers to innovations in products or services that typically start small and end up completely replacing an existing product or service technology for producers and consumers.

Question 78

What is reverse innovation?

Question 79

__________ is the stage during which ideas for new products and technologies are born.

Question 80

A disparity between existing and desired performance levels is known as a __________.