Deck 12: Motivating Employees

Question 1

Job enlargement incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the work.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

One weakness of the use of punishment in organizations is that it fails to indicate what the correct behavior should be.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to the two-factor theory, providing hygiene factors will eliminate employee dissatisfaction but will not motivate workers to high achievement levels.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Gain sharing rewards employees with part ownership of the organization based on achieving performance goals.

Question 5

In goal-setting theory, goal acceptance means that employees "buy into" the goals and are committed to them.

Question 6

According to Maslow, physiological needs are the most basic human physical needs and are reflected in the workplace as needs for adequate heat, air, and base salary to ensure survival.

Question 7

Extrinsic reward refers to the satisfaction a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

Question 8

According to expectancy theory, for an employee to be highly motivated, E → P expectancy and valence must be maximized.

Question 9

Motivation is the arousal of enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

Question 10

Managers who motivate employees by tapping into their self-doubts are using an intrinsic negative approach.

Question 11

Organizations that empower employees often reward them based on the results shown in the company's bottom line.

Question 12

The job characteristic of autonomy influences the worker's experience of the meaningfulness of work.

Question 13

Employee motivation affects productivity, and part of a manager's job is to channel motivation toward the accomplishment of organizational goals.

Question 14

Process theories explain how people select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful.

Question 15

External needs and relatedness needs are two types of needs in Alderfer's ERG theory.

Question 16

Employee engagement means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

Question 17

According to the law of effect, behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated.

Question 18

Skill variety, task identity, and task significance tend to influence the employee's psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work.

Question 19

Rewards can be classified as extrinsic or monetary.

Question 20

Job rotation systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.

Question 21

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization.According to Maslow, Nelson is motivated by which category of needs?

A)Physiological
B)Safety
C)Belongingness
D)Esteem
E)Self-actualization

Question 22

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences?

A)Two-factor
B)Needs hierarchy
C)Reinforcement
D)ERG
E)Equity

Question 23

The __________ expectancy involves whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance.

A)P → O
B)E → P
C)O → V
D)A → Z
E)V → P

Question 24

Which of the following is sometimes called negative reinforcement?

A)Avoidance learning
B)Punishment
C)Positive reinforcement
D)Extinction
E)Neutral learning Positive reinforcement

Question 25

According to Herzberg, __________ is an example of a hygiene factor.

A)achievement
B)recognition
C)pay
D)responsibility
E)opportunity for growth

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a common method for reducing a perceived inequity?

A)Changing work effort
B)Changing outcomes
C)Changing perceptions
D)Leaving the job
E)Changing equity

Question 27

Which of the following theories emphasizes the needs that motivate people?

A)Process
B)Reinforcement
C)Content
D)Contingency
E)Situational

Question 28

Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce, but it only worked for some of her employees.Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone?

A)Some of her employees are lazy.
B)Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength.
C)Some of her employees have a low need for power.
D)All of her employees have high growth needs.
E)Some of her employees have low affiliation needs.

Question 29

At Rightway Industries, new hires spend a significant portion of their first week of training just walking around the factory, observing other workers, and watching them get rewarded for doing their jobs well.This is an example of ______.

A)vicarious learning
B)self-efficacy
C)self-reinforcement
D)delegation
E)experiential learning

Question 30

Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow's leaders.Sally is motivated by ______.

A)power factors
B)leadership factors
C)hygiene factors
D)extrinsic rewards
E)intrinsic rewards

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

A)Safety
B)Compensation
C)Physiological
D)Esteem
E)Self-actualization

Question 32

Abbi works at Railroad Ties.Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low.Abbi agrees, but she is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees.Which of the following is low for Abbi?

A)E → P expectancy
B)O → P expectancy
C)Valence
D)Motivators
E)O → E indicators

Question 33

One of your fellow students is continually late to class.The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade.Based on this, the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?

A)Negative reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Positive reinforcement
D)Avoidance learning
E)Rewards enhancement Positive reinforcement

Question 34

Behavioral science research has shown that people typically respond more strongly to a potential gain, such as a financial reward, than to a potential loss, such as a financial penalty.

Question 35

While nearly all engaged employees report that someone at work encourages their development, only 10 percent of low- or no-engagement employees report such encouragement.

Question 36

According to McClelland, a high need for __________ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy.

A)power
B)achievement
C)affiliation
D)success
E)expertise

Question 37

Which of the following refers to the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?

A)Commitment
B)Motivation
C)Satisfaction
D)Rewarding behavior
E)Behavior modification

Question 38

Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish close social relationships with other people.Alderfer would say he is motivated by ______ needs.

A)growth
B)existence
C)relatedness
D)self-actualization
E)physiological

Question 39

Samuel, a sales associate at an electronics store, learns that his base pay is higher than any other sales associate in the store.He justifies his higher salary with the idea that he must be a top sales associate, generating more revenue than anyone else.This example demonstrates which of the following methods for reducing perceived inequity?

A)Working harder, not smarter
B)Changing outcomes
C)Changing work effort
D)Changing perceptions
E)Leaving the job

Question 40

In goal-setting theory, which of the following terms refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?

A)Goal specificity
B)Goal difficulty
C)Goal acceptance
D)Feedback
E)Goal motivation

Question 41

The observation that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repeated is the basis for the __________.

Question 42

__________ is the value of outcomes, or attraction to outcomes, for the individual.

Question 43

The job characteristic of feedback provides the worker with _______.

A)employee growth-need strength
B)experienced meaningfulness of work
C)experienced responsibility
D)knowledge of actual results
E)demotivation

Question 44

According to Maslow, __________ are the most basic human physical needs, including food, water, and oxygen.

Question 45

Job _____ is to increasing variety by moving employees from job to job as job _____ is to increasing variety by combining a series of small tasks into one new, broader job.

A)rotation; enrichment
B)enrichment; enlargement
C)enlargement; rotation
D)rotation; enlargement
E)enlargement; enhancement

Question 46

If employees are to be empowered to truly make a difference, they must have the power to make _____ decisions.

A)trivial
B)routine
C)minor
D)​ ​
E)substantive nonbinding

Question 47

__________ rewards are given by another person, typically a manager, and include promotions, praise, and pay increases.

Question 48

Factors that involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers, such as working conditions or pay, are known as __________.

Question 49

 __________ is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction.

Question 50

The idea that failure to meet a high-order need may cause the return to an already satisfied, lower-order need is referred to as a __________.

Question 51

A state of __________ exists whenever the ratio of one person's outcomes to inputs is perceived as equaling the ratio of another's outcomes to inputs.

Question 52

__________ is the degree to which the worker has freedom, discretion, and self-determination in planning and carrying out tasks.

Question 53

 __________ theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.

Question 54

__________ theories explain how workers select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful.

Question 55

__________ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence once a behavior is improved.

Question 56

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as _____.

A)need for power
B)need for achievement
C)empowerment
D)passing the buck
E)need for affiliation

Question 57

__________ is defined as the altering of jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity.

Question 58

__________ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

Question 59

The idea that people are strongly motivated by a potential loss, such as a financial penalty, is known as __________.

Question 60

Carla's subordinates view her as a great manager.Not only does she get the job done, but she also organizes the workplace in such a way that employees experience a sense of meaningfulness, connection, and growth.This is an example of employee _____.

A)pay-for-performance
B)delegation
C)empathy
D)apathy
E)engagement

Question 61

In Maslow's theory, __________ needs relate to the desire for a positive self-image and the desire to receive attention, recognition, and appreciation from others.

Question 62

__________ rewards are the satisfactions that a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

Question 63

In McClelland's theory, need for __________ relates to desire to form close personal relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships.

Question 64

In the Simple Model of Motivation shown inExhibit 12.1 , __________ informs the person whether behavior was appropriate and should be used again.

Question 65

__________ is the delegation of power and authority to subordinates in an organization.

Question 66

List the four reinforcement tools.

Question 67

In the Simple Model of Motivation shown in Exhibit 12.1 , __________ satisfy needs.

Question 68

In Alderfer's theory, __________ needs focus on the development of human potential and the desire for personal growth and increased competence.

Question 69

List the three categories of needs proposed by Clayton Alderfer.

Question 70

Employee __________ means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

Question 71

Why is using fear as a workplace motivator problematic?

Question 72

Define content theories of motivation.

Question 73

Job __________ refers to incorporating high-level motivators into the work, including responsibility, recognition, and opportunities for growth, learning, and achievement.

Question 74

The __________ is the idea that the single most important factor that can boost motivation during a workday is making progress toward meaningful goals.

Question 75

In expectancy theory, __________ expectancy is the expectancy that putting effort into a given task will lead to high performance.

Question 76

In Herzberg's theory, __________ focus on high-level needs and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth.

Question 77

In Maslow's theory, __________ needs include the need for self-fulfillment, for developing one's full potential, increasing one's competence, and becoming a better person.

Question 78

List the five core job dimensions found in the job characteristics model.

Question 79

In expectancy theory, __________ expectancy is the expectancy that high performance of a task will lead to the desired outcome.

Question 80

__________ occurs when an individual sees others perform certain behaviors and get rewarded for them.