Deck 4: Biomolecules

Question 1

Amino acids frequently become joined by:

A)peptide bonds.
B)catabolic reactions.
C)atrophic reactions.
D)all of the above.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure?

A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The basic building blocks of fats are:

A)monosaccharides.
B)disaccharides.
C)amino acids.
D)fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are:

A)triglycerides.
B)phosphoglycerides.
C)steroids.
D)prostaglandins.

Question 5

Which lipid acts as a "tissue hormone"?

A)Triglyceride
B)Prostaglandin
C)Steroid
D)Phospholipid

Question 6

The type of lipoprotein associated with "bad" cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is:

A)HDL.
B)LDL.
C)VHDL.
D)none of the above.

Question 7

Peptide bonds join together molecules of:

A)glycerol.
B)glucose.
C)amino acids.
D)water.

Question 8

DNA:

A)is a single strand of nucleotides.
B)contains the sugar ribose.
C)is a double-helix strand of nucleotides.
D)transports amino acids during protein synthesis.

Question 9

The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:

A)carbon.
B)hydrogen.
C)oxygen.
D)nitrogen.

Question 10

A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a:

A)triglyceride.
B)phospholipid.
C)steroid.
D)Both B and C are correct.

Question 11

Proteins are composed of ____ commonly occurring amino acids.

A)10
B)18
C)21
D)22

Question 12

Unsaturated fats:

A)contain all the hydrogen atoms they can hold.
B)contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
C)are usually solids at room temperature.
D)will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms.

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of RNA?

A)It contains ribose sugar.
B)It contains adenine.
C)It is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides.
D)All of the above are true of RNA.

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the three major ingredients of a DNA molecule?

A)Sugar
B)Nitrogenous bases
C)Phosphate
D)Lipid

Question 15

Which lipid is part of vitamin D?

A)Glycerol
B)Steroids
C)Prostaglandins
D)Fatty acids

Question 16

All of the following substances are organic except:

A)lipids.
B)electrolytes.
C)carbohydrates.
D)proteins.

Question 17

Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called:

A)enzymes.
B)essential amino acids.
C)structural proteins.
D)peptide bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?

A)Proteins
B)Salts
C)Lipids
D)Nucleic acids

Question 19

The amino group in an amino acid is:

A)NH3+.
B)COO-.
C)symbolized by the letter R.
D)SO2.

Question 20

The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:

A)hydrolysis.
B)oxidation.
C)decomposition.
D)dehydration synthesis.

Question 21

Steroids are often called tissue hormones.

Question 22

Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics?

A)Both are found in the cell membrane.
B)Both have a ring structure in their molecule.
C)Both have a saturated fat in their structure.
D)None of the above are shared characteristics.

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids?

A)They both contain glycerol.
B)They both contain fatty acids.
C)They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end.
D)All of the above are true of both triglycerides and phospholipids.

Question 24

The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component.

A)a lipid and a protein; the lipid
B)carbohydrate and protein; carbohydrate
C)a lipid and a protein; the protein
D)carbohydrate and protein; protein

Question 25

DNA molecules are the largest molecules in the body.

Question 26

A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons.

A)hydroxyl
B)phosphate
C)amine group
D)free radical

Question 27

Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates?

A)They include substances commonly called sugars.
B)They are the body's primary source of energy.
C)They are a part of both DNA and RNA.
D)All of the above are true of carbohydrates.

Question 28

There are a total of 21 essential amino acids.

Question 29

Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body.

A)sucrose
B)maltose
C)glucose
D)glycogen

Question 30

What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids?

A)Degree of saturation
B)Presence of glycerol
C)Available bonds of hydrocarbons
D)Polarity

Question 31

When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide?

A)Sucrose
B)Maltose
C)Lactose
D)Fructose

Question 32

Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids?

A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary

Question 33

Which of the following is not a major function of protein?

A)Provides structure for the body
B)Acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions in the form of enzymes
C)Provides energy for the body
D)All of the above are functions of protein.

Question 34

Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?

A)FAD
B)Creatine phosphate
C)NAD
D)ATP

Question 35

Which level of protein structure is one that contains several polypeptide chains?

A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary

Question 36

Adenine and thymine are referred to as purine bases, which are important constituents of a DNA molecule.

Question 37

Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides.

Question 38

The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories?

A)Structural and functional
B)Chemical and functional
C)Structural and chemical
D)Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Question 39

Proteins are the most abundant of the carbon-containing compounds in the body.

Question 40

If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be:

A)CTAGGCTG.
B)GATCCGAC.
C)CUAGGCUG.
D)GAUCCGAC.

Question 41

A sucrose molecule is formed by the synthesis reaction between glucose and fructose.

Question 42

Fats, steroids, and prostaglandins are all considered lipids.

Question 43

Steroids are the only lipids that contain a ring structure.

Question 44

Saturated fats are more likely than unsaturated fats to be liquid at room temperature.

Question 45

RNA never exists in a double-stranded form.

Question 46

Prostaglandins are associated with the prostate gland and therefore are not found in women.

Question 47

Enzymes are functional proteins that bring molecules together or split them apart in chemical reactions.

Question 48

Phospholipids have a fat-soluble end and a water-soluble end.

Question 49

The ability of proteins to perform their function depends on their shape or conformation.

Question 50

Glycoproteins contain both a fat molecule and a protein molecule.

Question 51

Glucose is a hexose, and ribose is a pentose.

Question 52

Nonessential amino acids are rarely used in the making of proteins in the human body.

Question 53

The quaternary structure of a protein contains more than one polypeptide chain.

Question 54

Fats are composed of three fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol.

Question 55

Sugars and starches are both considered to be carbohydrates.

Question 56

The nonessential amino acids cannot be produced from the other amino acids or from simple organic molecules.

Question 57

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also called the "bad" cholesterol.

Question 58

Nucleotides are used to make only RNA or DNA molecules.

Question 59

Both phospholipids and steroids are found in cell membranes.

Question 60

A denatured protein has lost its functional shape.

Question 61

A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid.

Question 62

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Lipid found in sex hormone that is made up of four rings

Question 63

If one side of a DNA molecule is CCTAGGC, the opposite side of the molecule would be CCTAGGC.

Question 64

Proteins can be divided into functional proteins and structural proteins.

Question 65

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Types of lipids that are called tissue hormones

Question 66

Both triglycerides and prostaglandins can contain unsaturated fat.

Question 67

The joining of amino acids in a peptide bond is an example of the process of hydrolysis.

Question 68

RNA and DNA have the same pyrimidine bases but different purine bases.

Question 69

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Starch or sugar

Question 70

Amino acids get their name because they have an amino group (NH₃⁺) and an acid group (COO-).

Question 71

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Substance composed of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules

Question 72

When ATP is in short supply, muscles can use creatine phosphate for extra energy.

Question 73

The three most common disaccharides-sucrose, lactose, and maltose-each contain at least one molecule of glucose.

Question 74

A saturated fat is saturated with hydrogen atoms.

Question 75

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Molecule that is the body's usual source of direct energy

Question 76

The body uses the steroid cholesterol to make hormones.

Question 77

Each helical chain in a DNA molecule has a nitrogen base backbone toward the outside, and phosphate-sugars compose the inner, interlocking base pairs of the interior.

Question 78

The function of transfer RNA is to select and adhere to a specific amino acid and place it in the correct sequence in the primary protein strand.

Question 79

When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H⁺ ion is released.

Question 80

Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape.