Deck 5: Cell Structure

Question 1

Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called:

A)cilia.
B)flagella.
C)microvilli.
D)microtubules.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Mitochondrion
C)Endoplasmic reticulum
D)Ribosome

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as:

A)Golgi apparatus.
B)plasma membrane.
C)cytoplasm.
D)centrosome.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted?

A)Nucleolus
B)Ribosome
C)Mitochondrion
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell?

A)Peroxisomes
B)Mitochondria
C)Ribosomes
D)Proteasomes

Question 6

An area of cytoplasm that coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules is called:

A)cytoplasm A.
B)mitochondria.
C)centrosome.
D)ribosomes.

Question 7

Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by:

A)gap junctions.
B)desmosomes.
C)tight junctions.
D)adhesions.

Question 8

The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called:

A)cilia.
B)flagella.
C)microvilli.
D)desmosomes.

Question 9

The fundamental organizational unit of life is the:

A)atom.
B)cell.
C)gene.
D)DNA molecule.

Question 10

Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells?

A)Gland cells
B)Immune cells
C)Nerve cells
D)Red blood cells

Question 11

The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize:

A)proteins.
B)carbohydrates.
C)fats.
D)cholesterol.

Question 12

A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the:

A)flagellum.
B)cilium.
C)microvillus.
D)microtubule.

Question 13

The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center.

A)centrosome
B)cytoskeleton
C)centriole
D)ribosome

Question 14

Main cell structures include all of the following except:

A)organelles.
B)plasma membrane.
C)interstitial fluid.
D)cytoplasm.

Question 15

Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called:

A)mitochondria.
B)caveolae.
C)cisternae.
D)vesicles.

Question 16

Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:

A)microfilaments.
B)chromatin.
C)nucleotides.
D)microtubules.

Question 17

The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the:

A)lysosome.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)ribosome.
D)centriole.

Question 18

Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus?

A)Mitochondria
B)Cilia
C)Peroxisomes
D)Lysosomes

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

A)Self-identification
B)Receptor site for messages
C)Selective barrier
D)Control center of the cell

Question 20

DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle?

A)Lysosome
B)Ribosome
C)Chromosome
D)Nucleus

Question 21

Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Ribosome
C)Mitochondria
D)Both A and B

Question 22

In the cell membrane, the hydrophobic part of the phospholipid molecule:

A)faces the exterior of the cell.
B)faces the interior of the cell.
C)is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer.
D)both A and B.

Question 23

The largest human cell, measuring about 150 mm, is a:

A)white blood cell.
B)female sex cell or ovum.
C)liver cell.
D)male sex cell or sperm.

Question 24

Each of the following is an example of the plasma membrane function except:

A)boundary.
B)self-identification.
C)receptor sites.
D)production of proteins.

Question 25

Which of the following statements does not describe the nucleolus?

A)It is found in the nucleus.
B)It has a membrane similar to the nucleus.
C)It is made of nucleic acids.
D)All of the above are true about the nucleolus.

Question 26

The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called:

A)microvilli.
B)flagella.
C)cilia.
D)All cell extensions contain microfilaments.

Question 27

The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are:

A)ribosomes.
B)lysosomes.
C)peroxisomes.
D)both B and C.

Question 28

In nondividing cells, DNA appears as threads that are referred to as:

A)chromatin.
B)chromosomes.
C)histones.
D)none of the above.

Question 29

The nucleolus is composed chiefly of:

A)mRNA.
B)rRNA.
C)tRNA.
D)DNA.

Question 30

Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function?

A)Help organize the various components of the plasma membrane
B)Play an important role in the pinching of a parent cell into two daughter cells
C)Sometimes allow the cell to form depressions that form a means of carrying substances into the cell
D)All of these are functions of rafts

Question 31

The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the:

A)cholesterol molecules.
B)phospholipid molecules.
C)glycoprotein molecules.
D)channel proteins.

Question 32

Which organelle consists of separate tiny sacs called cisternae?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D)Mitochondria

Question 33

The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily?

A)Cholesterol
B)Protein
C)Phospholipids
D)Glycoproteins

Question 34

Which of the following organelles is considered a membranous organelle?

A)Lysosome
B)Ribosome
C)Nucleolus
D)Both A and B

Question 35

Which of the following is a functional characteristic of ribosomes?

A)Manufacture of mRNA
B)Protein synthesis
C)DNA replication
D)Housing of DNA

Question 36

Which of the following is not true about ribosomes?

A)Contain protein
B)Composed of a large unit and a small unit
C)Surrounded by a membrane structure
D)Contain RNA

Question 37

In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule:

A)faces the exterior of the cell.
B)faces the interior of the cell.
C)is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer.
D)both A and B.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A)Provides a site for ribosome attachment
B)Supplies membrane for use throughout the cell
C)Makes steroid hormones
D)Makes glycoproteins

Question 39

ATP production occurs within which organelle?

A)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Flagellum
D)Mitochondrion

Question 40

A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read:

A)microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.
B)microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments.
C)microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.
D)microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments.

Question 41

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances.

Question 42

An important function of the cell membrane is the maintenance of cell integrity.

Question 43

The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic, or water loving.

Question 44

Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins?

A)Acting as receptors
B)Signal transduction
C)Identification of "self"
D)All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins.

Question 45

The longest extension of a nerve cell can be over a meter in length.

Question 46

Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome?

A)Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER
B)Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits
C)Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in
D)All of the above are structures or functions of proteasomes.

Question 47

The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the:

A)mitochondria.
B)proteasomes.
C)peroxisomes.
D)lysosomes.

Question 48

How do vesicles move from place to place in an organized way within the cell?

A)Molecular motors pull them along the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton
B)Vaults pull them along the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.
C)Rafts pull them along the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.
D)Microvilli and flagella move them along the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.

Question 49

Which cell fiber serves as part of our "cellular muscles?"

A)Centrosome
B)Microfilament
C)Microtubule
D)Intermediate filament

Question 50

Which structures in the cell membrane are a stiff grouping of membrane molecules that are rich in cholesterol?

A)Glycoproteins
B)Rafts
C)Phospholipids
D)Receptor proteins

Question 51

Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A)It makes lipids and carbohydrates.
B)It is made of broad, flattened sacs.
C)It has many ribosomes attached to it.
D)All of the above are true of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 52

Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function?

A)Energy production
B)Protein synthesis
C)Cell division
D)Synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 53

Which fiber is the smallest of the cell fibers?

A)Centrosome
B)Microfilament
C)Microtubule
D)Intermediate filament

Question 54

Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow?

A)Microvilli
B)Primary cilium
C)Cilia
D)Flagella

Question 55

Which cell fiber is made of twisted strands of protein?

A)Centrosomes
B)Microfilament
C)Microtubule
D)Intermediate filament

Question 56

Which type of cell connection acts like a "spot weld" to hold cells together?

A)Tight junction
B)Desmosome
C)Macrofilament
D)Gap junction

Question 57

Which type of cell connection joins heart muscle cells?

A)Tight junction
B)Desmosome
C)Macrofilament
D)Gap junction

Question 58

Lysosomes perform autophagy. This means that they:

A)are the protein-destroying organelle in the cell.
B)break down proteins and cytoplasm that are not needed by "self eating."
C)synthesize ATP.
D)provide an internal supporting framework.

Question 59

Which of the following structures contains DNA?

A)Nucleus
B)Mitochondria
C)Ribosome
D)Both A and B

Question 60

The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the:

A)receptor proteins.
B)glycoproteins.
C)rafts in the cell membrane.
D)phospholipid bilayer.

Question 61

The watery fluid in the cell is called cytosol.

Question 62

Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for making proteins to be exported out of the cell.

Question 63

Cilia are longer and more numerous than flagella.

Question 64

The thinnest cell fibers are tiny, hollow tubes called microtubules.

Question 65

Heart muscle cells are joined by gap junctions to facilitate the movement of electrical impulses.

Question 66

Water-soluble substances easily pass through the cell membrane.

Question 67

The size of a cell's nucleolus is indirectly related to the amount of protein the cell produces.

Question 68

The cell's internal supporting framework is called the cytoskeleton.

Question 69

Glycoproteins on the cell membrane identify the cell as "self."

Question 70

Gap junctions are found in the small intestine. They allow molecules to flow between cells.

Question 71

Tight junctions do not allow molecules to spread through the cracks between cells.

Question 72

The number of mitochondria in a cell is basically related to its degree of cell activity.

Question 73

The functions of the nucleus are regulated by RNA.

Question 74

Cell fibers that are composed of twisted protein strands are microtubules.

Question 75

The "typical" or composite cell described in this chapter is very similar to most of the cells in the human body.

Question 76

Generally, the more active a cell is, the fewer mitochondria it will contain.

Question 77

Cell connections called desmosomes are like Velcro holding cells together.

Question 78

The nucleolus is made up of tightly coiled DNA.

Question 79

The plasma membrane can be described as a double layer of phospholipid molecules.

Question 80

The major direct cell connections are tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.