Deck 11: Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation

Question 1

Mr.Kain believes he can teach any student in his class regardless of the student's background.Mr.Kain demonstrates a teacher who has a strong sense of ________.

Answer 1

teacher self-efficacy

Question 2

Which one of the following theories places the greatest emphasis on presenting models so that students can learn from observing others complete a task?

A)Constructivist theoretical perspectives
B)Behavioral theory
C)Social cognitive theory
D)Expectancy-value theory

Answer 2

Social cognitive theory

Question 3

Learning by observing others is

A)harmful to independent learning.
B)what Bandura refers to as "self-efficacy."
C)unrelated to self-regulated learning.
D)an effective way to learning new knowledge and skills.

Answer 3

an effective way to learning new knowledge and skills.

Question 4

In recent years,Bandura focused on cognitive factors such as self-perceptions,expectations,and beliefs,so his theory is now called a ________ theory.

Question 5

In social cognitive theory,the interaction of forces that influence learning is called ________.

Question 6

Beliefs about our ability to accomplish tasks in a given situation is ________.

Question 7

Albert Bandura is credited for creating social learning theory,which was later renamed to ________.

Question 8

In Bandura's social cognitive learning theory,the interaction among personal factors,environmental events,and behaviors is called

A)enactive learning.
B)triarchic reciprocal causality.
C)self-efficacy.
D)vicarious learning.

Question 9

Bandura challenged and expanded his early work on behavioral conceptions of learning by focusing on

A)acquisition of knowledge.
B)observable performances.
C)principles of reinforcement and punishment.
D)social learning theory.

Question 10

The following statement is TRUE about the relation between self-efficacy and self-esteem.

A)There appears to be direct relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem.
B)There is a strong negative correlation between self-efficacy and self-esteem.As self-efficacy increases,self-esteem decreases.
C)There is a strong positive correlation between self-efficacy and self-esteem.As self-efficacy increases,self-esteem increases.
D)There is a strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem only for non-academic tasks.There is no relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem for academic tasks.

Question 11

A student who successfully converts a fraction to a decimal yells out "I did it.I can do it!" is demonstrating a strong sense of

A)self-efficacy for math.
B)expectancy-value.
C)self-esteem.
D)means-ends problem solving ability.

Question 12

According to Bandura's theory of self-efficacy,the most important and influential source of self-efficacy information comes from

A)modeling.
B)social persuasion.
C)volition.
D)mastery experiences.

Question 13

Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the role of expectations in social cognitive theory?

A)Expectations played a large role in Bandura's social learning theory,but do not play a key role in his social cognitive theory.
B)In addition to beliefs and self-perceptions,expectations play a key role in Bandura's social cognitive theory.
C)According to Bandura's theory,values are more important than expectations for understanding students' motivation.
D)Although expectations are important,they are too difficult to measure to be concerned about in everyday classroom activities.

Question 14

According to Bandura,expectations are part of which one of the elements that comprise reciprocal causality?

A)Behavioral factors
B)Environmental factors
C)Personal factors
D)Social factors

Question 15

Which one of the following quotes is an example of high self-efficacy?

A)"I am usually good at math,so I will do well in this class."
B)"I am usually lucky on this type of test,so I should do well on this one."
C)"The teacher hates me,so I know I will flunk this course."
D)"The math teacher is easy-going,so I should do well in this class."

Question 16

Research on self-efficacy and achievement suggests that school achievement is improved and self-efficacy is increased when students

A)accredit their successes to luck or to the intervention of others.
B)advocate controllable activities rather than tasks that are beyond their abilities.
C)develop high expectations even in the face of difficulties.
D)receive rewards or other reinforcements based on the quality of their performances.

Question 17

Erin is a fifth-grade teacher who has a high degree of efficacy in teaching.Consequently,Erin will most likely

A)be a fairly easy grader.
B)be relatively strict with her classroom rules.
C)have a high sense of "withitness."
D)try harder when students have learning difficulties.

Question 18

Bandura suggested that the main limitation of traditional views of learning is that these views are

A)inaccurate.
B)incomplete.
C)too abstract.
D)too classroom-based.

Question 19

Ms.Jackson's perception of her capabilities to effectively deal with a particular task is her sense of

A)modeling.
B)self-efficacy.
C)self-reinforcement.
D)vicarious reinforcement.

Question 20

According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory,peers

A)can harm student motivation.
B)are more important than teachers in regards to student motivation.
C)are known to have negative influences on promoting self-regulated learning.
D)can serve as important models and facilitate student learning.

Question 21

Mr.Snow,the math teacher,asks parents to facilitate their child's self-regulation by

A)rewarding only large improvements in math skills.
B)encouraging the student not to engage in self-evaluation.
C)linking success to natural born abilities.
D)modeling how to set specific goals.

Question 22

Woolfolk suggests the following strategy for teachers in an effort to involve parents in supporting self-regulation within their child:

A)Ask parents to focus on large,overall learning goals.
B)Do not bias parents by sharing the area most challenging for their child.
C)Ask families to keep records in support of the students' self-evaluation of progress.
D)Remind families that children need immediate help,thus children should utilize the answers in the back of their book when doing homework.

Question 23

A child who raises her hand because others do so and she wants to imitate the behaviors of her peers is an example of the ________.

Question 24

Self-efficacy is an important influence on observational learning.

Question 25

According to Bandura,we must know a child's level of self-esteem in order to understand the child's level of self-efficacy.

Question 26

The interaction of environmental events,personal factors,and behaviors is called triarchic reciprocal causality.

Question 27

In addition to academic learning skills,self-regulated learners have

A)more time to learn new tasks.
B)good self-control abilities.
C)the belief that problem-solving is easy.
D)a tendency to set unrealistic goals.

Question 28

Individuals with a strong sense of self-efficacy for a given task tend to attribute their failures to lack of ability.

Question 29

Bandura's model of triarchic reciprocal causality is based on the notion of agency and personal control,therefore social influences are not part of his model of reciprocal determinism.

Question 30

Which one of the following teaching approaches does Lynn Fuch (2003)recommend for incorporating self-regulated learning strategies into math-problem solving?

A)Self-regulated learning strategies should not be taught in math classes until high school because younger students do not have the cognitive maturity to employ the appropriate learning strategies.
B)Teachers should assess student's level of volition.
C)Students should not discuss their problem-solving strategies with other students because this can lead to cheating and students not solving the problem on his or her own.
D)At the beginning of each session,students should set new goals based on their previous math performance.

Question 31

One of the best ways teachers can increase a student's sense of self-efficacy for a task is to ensure they have ________.

Question 32

The notion that students that students have the capacity to exercise influences over their life events and coordinate their own learning,motivation,and emotions is referred to as ________.

Question 33

When you think about the mutual effects of a student's behavior,his or her personal characteristics,and the environment,you are relying on Bandura's concept of ________.

Question 34

In addition to goal setting,outcome ________ affect the process of observation learning.

Question 35

When failure does occur,self-regulated learners are LESS likely to

A)get defensive.
B)be persistent.
C)ask for help.
D)stay motivated.

Question 36

What are the steps involved in self-regulated learning?

A)Modeling,reflection,self-evaluation,devising plans
B)Teaching,practice,goal-setting,reflective task analysis
C)Analyzing the task,setting goals,devising plans,enacting strategies
D)Self-efficacy,strategy use,volition

Question 37

Mr.Jacoby is very effective at encouraging his students to become self-regulated learners because he includes the following in his teaching:

A)Direct instruction on the aspects of self-regulated learning
B)Minimal feedback so that his students can evaluate their own work
C)Cooperative learning activities
D)Opportunities for students to develop their creative abilities

Question 38

Self-efficacy refers to individuals' skill at managing their own study behaviors.

Question 39

If you watch another teacher successfully teach students how to design a web page and you say to yourself "if he can do it,I can do it",you are relying on ________ as a source of self-efficacy information.

Question 40

When a teacher gives a "pep talk" to a student and says "you can do it," the teacher may be able to influence a student's self-efficacy for a task.

Question 41

Annie,a fifth-grade student in Mr.Baer's class,is being quiet and sullen for the fifth day in a row."I just can't do this writing stuff," she finally says in an appeal to Mr.Baer."I'm not a good student.Give me P.E.or art over this stuff any day!"
What might be the sources of Annie's low self-efficacy beliefs related to her writing beliefs?

Question 42

Having a strong sense of will power is also referred to as ___________.

Question 43

Giving your students choices helps create a sense of ______________ in their world.

Question 44

In an effort to encourage students to become self-regulated learners,teachers will want to be very careful about the types of behaviors they ________.

Question 45

Self-regulated learners are ________ to learn.

Question 46

A student who begins solving a problem by analyzing the task and setting a specific goal is engaging in the performance phase in Zimmerman's model of self-regulated learning.

Question 47

A student who takes a break and asks herself "What I am doing is not working;maybe I should start over" is demonstrating self-regulated learning.

Question 48

A student who has good follow-through for completing a task is said to have volition.

Question 49

Good teachers provide opportunities for students to evaluate their own learning and progress.

Question 50

A student who focuses on self-talk to guide her behavior is using _______________ modification techniques.

Question 51

Self-regulation involves activating and maintaining one's ________,behaviors,and emotions.

Question 52

Volition is another term for task commitment.

Question 53

In order to move from the forethought phase to the performance stage in Barry Zimmerman's (2002)self-regulated learning model,it is important for students to have self-control.

Question 54

Zimmerman's model of self-regulated learning ends the cycle with

A)the individual reflecting upon what has been learned and thinking about his or her performance.
B)setting new goals for learning tasks.
C)a plan to engage in more cooperative learning.
D)the use of means-ends problem solving.

Question 55

Rubrics are appropriate for when teachers evaluate student work,but should not be used with students for self-evaluation purposes.

Question 56

Suzie keeps reminding her friend Bob to repeat the score before he serves the tennis ball.Suzie is engaging in a form of shared

A)regulation.
B)self-efficacy.
C)empathy.
D)modeling.

Question 57

Lynn Fuch's research has shown that students who are taught to engage in self-regulated learning do not perform significantly better in math than those who are not taught self-regulated learning strategies.

Question 58

Annie,a fifth-grade student in Mr.Baer's class,is being quiet and sullen for the fifth day in a row."I just can't do this writing stuff," she finally says in an appeal to Mr.Baer."I'm not a good student.Give me P.E.or art over this stuff any day!"
How does Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory help us to understand Annie's comment "I just can't do this writing stuff"?

Question 59

Which one of the following is NOT an essential component of emotional self-regulation?

A)Showing empathy for others
B)Solving problems independently rather than asking for help when needed
C)Acting in an ethical and legal manner
D)Labeling feelings in oneself and others

Question 60

Students who have good learning skills and can control their own thoughts and behaviors are referred to as ________.

Question 61

Annie,a fifth-grade student in Mr.Baer's class,is being quiet and sullen for the fifth day in a row."I just can't do this writing stuff," she finally says in an appeal to Mr.Baer."I'm not a good student.Give me P.E.or art over this stuff any day!"
Annie's self-efficacy beliefs for writing are expected to influence her self-regulation.How might you use Winne and Hadwin's model of self-regulated learning to help Annie become a better writer?

Question 62

Annie,a fifth-grade student in Mr.Baer's class,is being quiet and sullen for the fifth day in a row."I just can't do this writing stuff," she finally says in an appeal to Mr.Baer."I'm not a good student.Give me P.E.or art over this stuff any day!"
How could you apply social cognitive theory to helping Annie become more confident and successful in her writing skills?