Question 1

Why might depressive symptoms not be diagnosed as a mental disorder?&#10;A) Science now understands the neurobiology of depression.&#10;B) They are caused by an organic disease or condition.&#10;C) The symptoms are responsive to antidepressant therapy, therefore not requiring a diagnosis for providing psychotherapy.&#10;D) A person is not undergoing sufficient stress to determine if the depression is substantial enough for a diagnosis.

Accepted Answer

Symptoms of depression can sometimes arise from physical conditions or illnesses, and in these cases, they would not be diagnosed as a mental disorder.

Question 2

Drugs that permanently inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase are called&#8230;&#10;A) triple reuptake inhibitors.&#10;B) irreversible MAO inhibitors.&#10;C) MAO catabolizers.&#10;D) permanent MAO destabilizers.

Accepted Answer

Drugs that permanently inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase are referred to as irreversible MAO inhibitors. These drugs are used to treat various conditions, including depression and Parkinson's disease. They work by blocking the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. By inhibiting this enzyme, the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain are increased, leading to improved mood and decreased symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Question 3

The drug that Oliver Sacks wrote about in the book Awakenings was&#8230;&#10;A) tyrosine hydroxylase.&#10;B) reserpine.&#10;C) levodopa.&#10;D) carbidopa.

Accepted Answer

In the book Awakenings, Oliver Sacks writes about the use of levodopa to treat patients with encephalitis lethargica, a condition resulting from a post-encephalitic Parkinsonism.

Question 4

In major depressive disorder,the amygdala appears to &#8230;&#10;A) have a smaller volume.&#10;B) be overactive.&#10;C) have a larger volume.&#10;D) be underactive.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that in individuals with major depressive disorder, the amygdala is overactive, meaning it is more active than in individuals without depression. This heightened activity may contribute to the emotional dysregulation and negative biases often seen in depression.

Question 5

A cognitive deficit in major depressive disorder found in many studies is impaired&#8230;&#10;A) implicit memory.&#10;B) procedural memory.&#10;C) working memory.&#10;D) episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A cognitive deficit in major depressive disorder...

Question 6

For a patient with major depressive disorder,electrically activating the nucleus accumbens would likely&#8230;&#10;A) compromise the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.&#10;B) reduce the symptoms of depression.&#10;C) increase aggressive behavior.&#10;D) increase the likelihood of seizures.

Accepted Answer

Electrically activating the nucleus accumbens has been found to reduce symptoms of depression in individuals with major depressive disorder.

Question 7

Depressive symptoms due to poor blood flow are referred to as &#8230;&#10;A) vascular depression.&#10;B) ischemic depression.&#10;C) cardiovascular-related depressive disorder.&#10;D) major depressive disorder with the specificier &#171;&#160;cardiovascular disease.&#160;&#187;

Accepted Answer

Depressive symptoms due to poor blood flow are referred to as vascular depression.

Question 8

A neuropsychologist evaluating brain imaging data in patients with major depressive disorder would likely see all of the following except&#8230;&#10;A) increased activity in the amygdala.&#10;B) reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex.&#10;C) reduced volume of the nucleus accumbens.&#10;D) increased activity in the hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

Increased activity in the hippocampus is not typically associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Instead, MDD is often characterized by increased activity in the amygdala, reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex, and changes in the volume of brain regions involved in mood regulation, such as the nucleus accumbens. The hippocampus, known for its role in memory and learning, does not typically show increased activity in the context of depression; alterations in its structure and function are more complex and can involve volume reduction or changes in connectivity rather than simply increased activity.

Question 9

In the U.S.,the approximate lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder is&#8230;&#10;A) 1%&#10;B) 15%&#10;C) 30%&#10;D) 60%

Accepted Answer

The approximate lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder in the U.S. is 15%, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

Question 10

Carlsson sedated rabbits in his famous experiment by using&#8230;&#10;A) reserpine.&#10;B) risperidone.&#10;C) raclopride.&#10;D) roflumilast.

Accepted Answer

Reserpine is a drug commonly used for sedation in animal experiments, including the famous experiment conducted by Arvid Carlsson with rabbits.

Question 11

Mental depression from long-term treatment with reserpine was due to&#8230;&#10;A) damage to the hippocampus.&#10;B) an overactivation of GABA receptors.&#10;C) a depletion of brain monoamine neurotransmitters.&#10;D) a selective decrease in the release of neurotransmitter serotonin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mental depression from long-term treatment with reserpine...

Question 12

To qualify abnormal behavior as a mental disorder,generally the disorder must&#8230;&#10;A) cause those in social situations to avoid an individual with abnormal behavior.&#10;B) cause an individual to experience significant dysfunction and stress from the disorder.&#10;C) be considered abnormal according to a society's norms.&#10;D) have services covered by medical insurance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To qualify abnormal behavior as a mental...

Question 13

Based on the pharmacological actions of early antidepressant drugs,researchers have hypothesized that&#8230;&#10;A) monoamine oxidase inhibition causes depressive mood.&#10;B) a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency causes depressive mood.&#10;C) the destruction of monoamine synaptic vesicles causes depressive mood.&#10;D) inactivity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons causes depressive mood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the pharmacological actions of early...

Question 14

The symptoms and features of a major depressive disorder include all of the following except&#8230;&#10;A) depressed mood.&#10;B) feelings of worthlessness.&#10;C) symptoms occurring within the same 4-week period.&#10;D) change in sleeping patterns.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The symptoms and features of a major...

Question 15

The first clinically used MAO inhibitor was&#8230;&#10;A) phenelzine.&#10;B) moclobemie.&#10;C) tryamine.&#10;D) iproniazid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first clinically used MAO inhibitor was&#8230;&#10;A)...

Question 16

Why isn't Alzheimer's disease a mental disorder?&#10;A) There is a known organic cause.&#10;B) Cognitive impairment occurs gradually over the course of the disorder.&#10;C) The characteristics of memory deficits are too inconsistent for a manual of mental disorders.&#10;D) The disease affects more organs than the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why isn't Alzheimer's disease a mental disorder?&#10;A)...

Question 17

The first antidepressant drug was &#8230;&#10;A) imipramine.&#10;B) iproniazid.&#10;C) fluoxetine.&#10;D) pentobarbital.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first antidepressant drug was &#8230;&#10;A) imipramine.&#10;B)...

Question 18

Which monoamine oxidase enzyme is found mostly in the brain?&#10;A) MAOA&#10;B) MAOB&#10;C) MAOC&#10;D) MAOD

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which monoamine oxidase enzyme is found mostly...

Question 19

The observation that auditory hallucinations occur in a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder would likely lead to the following&#8230;&#10;A) the specifier &#171;&#160;with psychotic features.&#160;&#187;&#10;B) the indication of current substance abuse.&#10;C) a change of diagnosis to schizophrenia.&#10;D) an indication of comorbid anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The observation that auditory hallucinations occur in...

Question 20

Men may be diagnosed with depressive disorder less often than women due to exhibiting&#8230;&#10;A) aggression.&#10;B) sadness.&#10;C) no changes in body weight.&#10;D) no substance abuse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Men may be diagnosed with depressive disorder...

Question 21

Which of the drug mechanisms would likely counteract the antidepressant effects of an MAO inhibitor?&#10;A) A reuptake inhibitor of dopamine and serotonin.&#10;B) An antagonist for serotonin receptors.&#10;C) An antagonist for GABA receptors.&#10;D) An inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the drug mechanisms would likely...

Question 22

The finding that inhibitors of monoamine oxidase do not only prevent the catabolism of neurotransmitters is an explanation for&#8230;&#10;A) the cheese reaction.&#10;B) sedation.&#10;C) effects similar to reserpine.&#10;D) monoamine hypothesis of depression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The finding that inhibitors of monoamine oxidase...

Question 23

Patients treated with an antidepressant drug who report feeling 'numbed,' 'flattened,' or 'dulled' are likely experiencing&#8230;&#10;A) serotonin affective disorder.&#10;B) emotional blunting.&#10;C) serotonin lethargy.&#10;D) emotional detachment syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients treated with an antidepressant drug who...

Question 24

A serious health risk that the FDA wants to draw attention to is noted in a drug's package insert by&#8230;&#10;A) placing &#171;&#160;serious health risk&#160;&#187; in all capital letters.&#10;B) having a section with a black box bordering it.&#10;C) placing key concerns in red text.&#10;D) putting the risk at the end of the box insert where other warnings are located.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A serious health risk that the FDA...

Question 25

A drug that only prevents the neurotransmitter serotonin from reentering a neuron that released it is called a(n)&#8230;&#10;A) atypical antidepressant drug.&#10;B) tricyclic antidepressant drug.&#10;C) selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor.&#10;D) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug that only prevents the neurotransmitter...

Question 26

Why was a black box warning placed in the packaging insert for fluoxetine?&#10;A) Increased suicide risk in teenagers.&#10;B) Risk of sexual side effects.&#10;C) To alert patients not to abruptly quit using an antidepressant.&#10;D) There is a risk of a flattened emotional state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why was a black box warning placed...

Question 27

While tricyclic antidepressants have a different mechansim of action than MAO inhibitors,they still&#8230;&#10;A) primarily have pharmacological actions outside of the central nervous system.&#10;B) elevate levels of monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin.&#10;C) lead to the antagonism of serotonin receptors.&#10;D) produce a risk of a hypertensive reaction from dairy products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While tricyclic antidepressants have a different mechansim...

Question 28

A person taking a tricyclic antidepressant drug might feel a head-rush when standing up,which is caused by&#8230;&#10;A) antagonisms of alpha1 adrenoceptors.&#10;B) muscarinic receptor antagonism.&#10;C) increased levels of serotonin.&#10;D) inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person taking a tricyclic antidepressant drug...

Question 29

Drowsiness caused from tricyclic antidepressant drugs is caused by&#8230;&#10;A) antagonism of histamine H&#8321; receptors.&#10;B) inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake.&#10;C) antagonism of muscarinic receptors.&#10;D) acivation of 5-HT&#8322;A receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drowsiness caused from tricyclic antidepressant drugs is...

Question 30

If a patient treated with an antidepressant exhibited severe agitation and occassional hallucinations,the patient is likely&#8230;&#10;A) taking a dose that is too high.&#10;B) using illicit substances.&#10;C) a fast metabolizer.&#10;D) suffering from a disorder other than depression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a patient treated with an antidepressant...

Question 31

For a tricyclic antidepressant drug,the term tricyclic refers to&#8230;&#10;A) number of neurotransmitters it enhances the levels of.&#10;B) a chemical structure.&#10;C) number of times during the day the drug should be taken.&#10;D) number of compounds originally discovered in this class of drugs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For a tricyclic antidepressant drug,the term tricyclic...

Question 32

Which of the following is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor?&#10;A) Clomipramine&#10;B) Moclobemide&#10;C) Escitalopram&#10;D) Venlafaxine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a monoamine...

Question 33

Having different pharmacological actions than MAO inhibitors means that tricyclic antidepressants do not carry a risk of&#8230;&#10;A) serotonin syndrome.&#10;B) serotonin discontinuation syndrome.&#10;C) a cheese reaction.&#10;D) sexual side effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Having different pharmacological actions than MAO inhibitors...

Question 34

A patient who decides to abruptly cease taking an antidepressant drug might experience&#8230;&#10;A) drug-seeking behavior.&#10;B) emotional blunting.&#10;C) a serotonin discontinuation syndrome.&#10;D) sexual side effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient who decides to abruptly cease...

Question 35

Why might an inhibitor of MAOB be less likely to cause a cheese reaction?&#10;A) Antidepressant drugs bind poorly to MAOB.&#10;B) There are relatively few MAOB enzymes outside of the central nervous system.&#10;C) Inhibitors of MAOB can be displaced by monoamine compounds.&#10;D) MAOB is coupled to dopamine receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why might an inhibitor of MAOB be...

Question 36

Tricyclic antidepressant drugs have all of the following pharmacological actions except&#8230;&#10;A) inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake.&#10;B) inhibitor of serotonin reuptake.&#10;C) antagonist for muscarinic receptors.&#10;D) partial agonist for dopamine receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tricyclic antidepressant drugs have all of the...

Question 37

Adverse effects associated with a tricyclic antidepressant drug,which include dry mouth,constipation,hypotension,and drowsiness,can make a patient feel that&#8230;&#10;A) the prescribing physician does not care for the patient.&#10;B) they are carrying the effects of a powerful psychoactive drug.&#10;C) the drug must also be reducing depressive symptoms.&#10;D) he is not taking the medication correctly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adverse effects associated with a tricyclic antidepressant...

Question 38

Why might a reversible inhibitor of MAOA be less likely to cause a cheese reaction?&#10;A) The drug increased the catabolism rate of MAO.&#10;B) MAOA is found mostly in the brain.&#10;C) Antidepressant drugs bind poorly to MAOA.&#10;D) The drug does not permanently remain bound to MAO.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why might a reversible inhibitor of MAOA...

Question 39

Feelings of emotional detachment along with reduced positive and negative emotions from using an antidepressant drug is called&#8230;&#10;A) emotional blunting.&#10;B) serotonin discontinuation syndrome.&#10;C) emotional defluctuation.&#10;D) serotonin affective disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Feelings of emotional detachment along with reduced...

Question 40

An antidepressant drug that is causing erectile dysfunction or a loss of sexual drive is producing&#8230;&#10;A) a serotonin syndrome.&#10;B) sexual side effects.&#10;C) affective blunting.&#10;D) comorbid anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An antidepressant drug that is causing erectile...

Question 41

In clinical trials for an antidepressant drug,depressed participants in the placebo control group often&#8230;&#10;A) quit a clinical study soon after the study begins&#10;B) can tell that they were given a placebo.&#10;C) continued to worsen until medication must be given.&#10;D) develop clear improvements in their depressive symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In clinical trials for an antidepressant drug,depressed...

Question 42

Using a clinically available drug for a non-FDA-approved purpose is an example of&#8230;&#10;A) off-label use.&#10;B) drug misuse.&#10;C) drug abuse.&#10;D) experimental use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using a clinically available drug for a...

Question 43

If a patient with major depressive disorder improves when given a placebo,then&#8230;&#10;A) the patient should still be switched to an antidepressant drug.&#10;B) patients are likely to receive medical treatment outside of the clinical study.&#10;C) patients likely did not have major depressive disorder.&#10;D) other conditions, such as meeting with clinical staff, must have led to reduced depressive symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a patient with major depressive disorder...

Question 44

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors will have adverse effects most similar to&#8230;&#10;A) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.&#10;B) tricyclic antidepressant drugs.&#10;C) MAO inhibitors.&#10;D) atypical antidepressant drugs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors will have adverse effects...

Question 45

If combining pharmatherapy with psychotherapy for the treatment of depression,it is not best to use&#8230;&#10;A) an SSRI&#10;B) a tricyclic antidepressant.&#10;C) an SNRI&#10;D) an atypical antidepressant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If combining pharmatherapy with psychotherapy for the...

Question 46

Among those who attempt to commit suicide,researchers typically find&#8230;&#10;A) increased activation of D&#8322; receptors.&#10;B) increased level of 5-HT&#8322;C receptors.&#10;C) evidence of reduced serotonin levels.&#10;D) increased densitiy of 5-HT&#8321;A receptorsl

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among those who attempt to commit suicide,researchers...

Question 47

An antidepressant drug that only inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine is called a(n)&#8230;&#10;A) tricyclic antidepressant drug.&#10;B) atypical antidepressant drug.&#10;C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.&#10;D) serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An antidepressant drug that only inhibits the...

Question 48

A serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that also functions as a partial agonist for dopamine receptors would be classified as&#8230;&#10;A) reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.&#10;B) a tricyclic antidepressant.&#10;C) an atypical antidepressant drug.&#10;D) serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that...

Question 49

A patient who does not improve on an antidepressant medication despite many attempts with different antidepressant drugs would be identied as&#8230;&#10;A) noncompliant.&#10;B) having treatment-resistant depression.&#10;C) a poor metabolizer.&#10;D) being misdiagnosed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient who does not improve on...

Question 50

The typical response time for antidepressant drugs is&#8230;&#10;A) 2-4 weeks.&#10;B) within hours.&#10;C) 12-18 weeks.&#10;D) 8-10 weeks

Accepted Answer

The answer of The typical response time for antidepressant drugs...

Question 51

The most studied and implicated receptor for antidepressant effects is the &#8230;&#10;A) 5-HT&#8321;A receptor.&#10;B) 5-HT&#8322;C receptor.&#10;C) D&#8321; receptor.&#10;D) NMDA receptor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most studied and implicated receptor for...

Question 52

SNRI antidepressant drugs have become the firstline pharmacological treaments for&#8230;&#10;A) Alzheimer's disease.&#10;B) neurophasia.&#10;C) fibromyalgia.&#10;D) serotonin syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of SNRI antidepressant drugs have become the firstline...

Question 53

If adding another drug is intended to enhance the therapeutic effects of another,then this describes a(n)&#8230;&#10;A) dual drug strategy.&#10;B) off-label strategy.&#10;C) augmentation strategy.&#10;D) combined psychotherapy-pharmacotherapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If adding another drug is intended to...

Question 54

Using one medication to adjust the effects of another medication is called&#8230;&#10;A) a combination drug strategy.&#10;B) co-therapeutic drug use.&#10;C) off-label drug use.&#10;D) dual prescription therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using one medication to adjust the effects...

Question 55

The acne medication isotretinoin (Accutane)carries a risk of depression due to&#8230;&#10;A) impairing glucose transporter across the blood-brain barrier.&#10;B) increasing D&#8322; receptor density.&#10;C) increasing 5-HT&#8322;C receptor density.&#10;D) increasing 5-HT&#8321;A receptor density.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The acne medication isotretinoin (Accutane)carries a risk...

Question 56

The atypical antidepressant drug bupropion is a reuptake inhibitor for&#8230;&#10;A) norepinephrine.&#10;B) norepinephrine and dopamine.&#10;C) serotonin and dopamine.&#10;D) serotonin and norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The atypical antidepressant drug bupropion is a...

Question 57

The term multimodal is used for atypical antipsychotic drugs because&#8230;&#10;A) the drugs act on a single neurotransmitter through more than one modality.&#10;B) the antidepressant drug has multiple pharmacological actions.&#10;C) the drug is likely to be used in combination with another antidepressant drug.&#10;D) the drug comes in a variety of different administration forms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term multimodal is used for atypical...

Question 58

Compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors&#8230;&#10;A) may offer a slighlty greater improvement in depression.&#10;B) have far greater adverse effects.&#10;C) have no risk of sexual side effects.&#10;D) have greater abuse potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake...

Question 59

Which of the following mechanisms for an antidepressant drug would be identified as an 'atypical'?&#10;A) A reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and dopamine.&#10;B) A reuptake inhibitor of serotonin.&#10;C) A reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norephephrine.&#10;D) An inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following mechanisms for an...

Question 60

A musculoskeletal disorder characterized by widespread pain occurring as muscle tenderness in addition to psychological symptoms is&#8230;&#10;A) a serotonin discontinuation syndrome.&#10;B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.&#10;C) Parkinson's disease.&#10;D) fibromyalgia syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A musculoskeletal disorder characterized by widespread pain...

Question 61

All of the following are mechanisms of action for anticonvulsant drugs except&#8230;&#10;A) positive modulation of GABAA receptors.&#10;B) inhibition of sodium channels.&#10;C) negative modulation of NMDA receptors.&#10;D) inhibition of the enzyme GSK-3.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are mechanisms of...

Question 62

A common treatment for bipolar disorder consisting of combining a(n)____________ drug with an antidepressant drug.&#10;A) antipsychotic&#10;B) proconvulsant.&#10;C) anticholinergic.&#10;D) anxiolytic

Accepted Answer

The answer of A common treatment for bipolar disorder consisting...

Question 63

All of the following are features of lithium except&#8230;&#10;A) the first mood stabilizer.&#10;B) complex intracellular actions.&#10;C) provides neuroprotection.&#10;D) has a very safe therapeutic index.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are features of...

Question 64

In animals,if a drug appeared to produce antidepressant effects in some models and reduced hyperactivity in other models,the researchers would likely identify the drug as a(n)&#8230;&#10;A) multimodal antidepressant drug.&#10;B) mood stabilizer.&#10;C) antimanic/antidepressant.&#10;D) tricyclic antidepressant drug.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In animals,if a drug appeared to produce...

Deck 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder