Deck 12: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

A full-term fetus has about _____ cells.

A)60 million
B)600 million
C)600 billion
D)600 trillion

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Traditionally,physicians calculate the first day of pregnancy as

A)the last day of the menstrual period plus five days.
B)the date of last intercourse.
C)the date of the beginning of the last menstrual period.
D)14 days after the previous menstrual period.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The process by which the membranes of the sperm become fragile enough to release the enzymes from the sperm's acrosomes is called

A)ovulation.
B)capacitation.
C)gestation.
D)fertilization.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During which week of pregnancy do ears and eyes form?

A)third week
B)fifth week
C)sixth week
D)tenth week

Question 5

Why do so few sperm ever reach the fallopian tubes after intercourse?

A)Most leak from the vagina or are destroyed by the vaginal environment.
B)A majority of sperm are deformed and,thus,cannot swim effectively through the cervix.
C)Most sperm cannot pass through the cervix because of its position relative to the vagina.
D)Unless a female orgasm occurs,the cervix closes during the resolution period.

Question 6

If a pregnancy proceeds without interruption,the birth will occur approximately how many days after conception?

A)218
B)266
C)290
D)310

Question 7

At the 15th week of gestation,the fetus is covered with a fine,downy hair called

A)vernix.
B)vellus hair.
C)fontanelle.
D)lanugo.

Question 8

Which is the correct sequence of development for a fertilized ovum?

A)zygote,blastocyst,embryo,fetus
B)blastocyst,zygote,fetus,embryo
C)zygote,blastocyst,fetus,embryo
D)blastocyst,zygote,embryo,fetus

Question 9

Formation of the arms and legs of an embryo occurs around the

A)second week.
B)twelfth week.
C)fifth week.
D)first week.

Question 10

The fetus is contained within the

A)yolk.
B)amnion.
C)placenta.
D)blastocyst.

Question 11

Gestation refers to

A)intercourse.
B)ovulation.
C)menstruation.
D)pregnancy.

Question 12

On approximately the fifth day after conception,

A)the embryonic membranes are formed.
B)gastrulation occurs.
C)the fetus begins to develop.
D)the blastocyst arrives in the uterine cavity.

Question 13

Which of the following is an embryonic membrane?

A)amnion
B)placenta
C)blastulon
D)acrosome

Question 14

After ovulation,an oocyte remains viable in the female body for

A)72 hours.
B)30-48 hours.
C)12-24 hours.
D)6-10 hours.

Question 15

To increase the likelihood of fertilization,a couple should have intercourse

A)10 days after the first day of the menstrual cycle.
B)within 5 days before and 1 day after ovulation.
C)from 1 to 5 days before menstruation begins.
D)within 5 days before and 2 days after the menstrual period.

Question 16

Fertilization is considered complete when

A)the diploid zygote is formed.
B)the acrosomal reaction ceases.
C)capacitation begins.
D)the corona radiata is penetrated.

Question 17

An oocyte is

A)the sperm that fertilizes an egg.
B)an unfertilized egg.
C)the tube that connects the ovaries to the uterus.
D)a byproduct of the uterine lining.

Question 18

When the blastocyst arrives in the uterine cavity,it then

A)splits into two distinct masses.
B)floats for a day or two before implanting.
C)immediately attaches to the walls of the uterus.
D)undergoes a series of divisions.

Question 19

Most sperm are viable in the female reproductive tract for

A)72 hours.
B)12-48 hours.
C)6-12 hours.
D)4 hours.

Question 20

Paula is pregnant.Her last menstrual period was on March 1st.Her physician will calculate the first date of her pregnancy as

A)February 15th.
B)March 1st.
C)March 15th.
D)March 29th.

Question 21

Julia,a pregnant woman,notices that her morning sickness has disappeared.Moreover,she feels more delighted and positive about her pregnancy than before.She also begins to feel the movement of the fetus.It can be inferred that Julia is most likely in the _____ trimester.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 22

During the third trimester,which of the following events is NOT likely to occur?

A)enlargement of the uterus
B)water retention
C)limited physical abilities
D)return of nausea and vomiting

Question 23

During the _____ trimester,a pregnant woman can feel the fetus move.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 24

Which trimester of pregnancy tends to be the most difficult for the mother?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)all of these

Question 25

At what point is the fetus typically able to survive outside of the mother's body?

A)4 months
B)5 months
C)6 months
D)7 months

Question 26

The placenta is attached to the fetus by the

A)fallopian tube.
B)umbilical cord.
C)endometrium.
D)cervix.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways a pregnant woman's relationship with her mother is likely to change?

A)She may feel the equal of her own mother.
B)She and her mother may develop a more adult-adult relationship.
C)She tends to become more dependent on her mother.
D)She may identify with her mother's experience of pregnancy.

Question 28

The term now used to describe those who expect and intend to remain nonparents is

A)infertile.
B)child-free.
C)childless.
D)abstinent.

Question 29

A full-term pregnancy lasts

A)30 weeks.
B)35 weeks.
C)40 weeks.
D)45 weeks.

Question 30

Tamesha has missed her period.Her doctor does a vaginal exam and tells her that she is likely pregnant.This is because the doctor would have noticed

A)a higher concentration of T cells in Tamesha's blood.
B)a softening of Tamesha's uterus just below the cervix.
C)a decrease in the size of Tamesha's uterus.
D)the presence of vasopressin in Tamesha's cervix.

Question 31

Nausea and vomiting often occur during the _____ trimester.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 32

The heart of an embryo starts to pump blood at

A)two weeks.
B)five weeks.
C)four weeks.
D)seven weeks.

Question 33

Home pregnancy tests show if _____ is present.

A)human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
B)oxytocin
C)alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
D)progestin

Question 34

Tina is trying to conceive a child with her husband,Jeremy.They decide to have sexual inter-course when Tina is ovulating.For Tina to know if she is pregnant,when should she test for a most accurate result?

A)immediately after having intercourse
B)five days before her expected period
C)as soon as fertilization takes place
D)approximately one week following a missed period

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of the expectant mother?

A)acceptance and resolution of the relationship with the woman's own mother
B)development of an emotional attachment to the fetus
C)differentiation of the self from the fetus
D)acceptance of pregnancy

Question 36

The _____ serves as a biochemical barrier between the mother and the fetus,allowing dissolved substances to pass to the fetus but blocking blood cells and large molecules.

A)placenta
B)endometrium
C)umbilical cord
D)myometrium

Question 37

In the context of pregnancy detection,Hegar's sign is

A)a dilation of the cervix.
B)breast tenderness.
C)a softening of the uterus just above the cervix.
D)a purplish discoloration of the vagina.

Question 38

A simple blood test can determine a baby's sex with 99 percent accuracy at _____ weeks after conception.

A)5
B)7
C)12
D)20

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a basic precaution for sexual relations during pregnancy?

A)If there is bleeding,cease sexual activity and consult a physician.
B)Generally,during the third trimester,an orgasm is considered harmful and it should be avoided.
C)Pressure on the woman's abdomen during late pregnancy should be avoided.
D)If the woman has had a prior miscarriage,she should check with her health care practitioner before engaging in activities that could lead to orgasm.

Question 40

Which of the following most typifies the second trimester?

A)increased sense of well-being and harmony
B)edematous hands,ankles,and feet
C)nausea and fears regarding fetal normality
D)physical abilities become somewhat limited

Question 41

Alcohol,tobacco,and caffeine are all potential

A)stimulants.
B)teratogens.
C)causal agents of maternal obesity.
D)causes of toxemia.

Question 42

What percentage of all pregnancies in the United States result in preterm births?

A)2 percent
B)11 percent
C)22 percent
D)32 percent

Question 43

German measles (rubella)is most dangerous to the unborn child during

A)the first trimester.
B)the second trimester.
C)the third trimester.
D)the fourth trimester.

Question 44

Karen is trying to become pregnant.She is concerned about contracting rubella,which she has never had and for which she has never been immunized.To help avoid any related problems with her child during pregnancy and afterward,she should

A)discuss rubella immunization with her doctor before trying to get pregnant.
B)get an immunization during pregnancy.
C)have the child immunized after birth if she contracts rubella during pregnancy.
D)make sure the child is immunized.

Question 45

A low-birth-weight baby is usually defined as one who weighs less than _____ pounds.

A)3.75
B)7
C)5.5
D)2

Question 46

The Centers for Disease Control recommends all pregnant women be screened for all of the following EXCEPT:

A)syphilis.
B)gonorrhea.
C)rabies.
D)hepatitis

Question 47

During her twelfth week of gestation,38-year-old Merlia underwent a procedure in which a small sample of cells from the placenta were taken for screening.This was done to detect if the fetus had any genetic disorder.This procedure is called

A)chorionic villus sampling.
B)amniocentesis.
C)neural tube defect screening.
D)alpha-fetoprotein test.

Question 48

A condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and edema along with protein in the urine is

A)toxoplasmosis.
B)erythroblastosis fetalis.
C)pregnancy-induced hypertension.
D)ectopic pregnancy.

Question 49

Which of the following will reduce the likelihood of low-birth-weight and preterm births?

A)regular blood pressure checks
B)regular prenatal care
C)immunization against rubella
D)screening for hepatitis

Question 50

The amniocentesis procedure tests for

A)fetal position.
B)genetic disorders.
C)the stage of development of the fetus.
D)multiple fetuses.

Question 51

Preterm births are those that take place before _____ weeks of gestation.

A)32
B)35
C)37
D)40

Question 52

The amniocentesis procedure is performed by

A)scraping cells from around the cervix of the mother.
B)withdrawing fluid from the uterus.
C)conducting a blood test on the developing embryo.
D)conducting a CT scan of the mother's abdomen.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a reason why low birth weight is problematic?

A)The risk for breathing problems is high for low-birth-weight infants.
B)There will be greater vulnerability to long-term neurological disabilities.
C)Vital organs may be insufficiently developed.
D)The brain and other vital organs may be edematous.

Question 54

After being rushed to the hospital,Charlene is told she has an ectopic pregnancy.What does this mean?

A)The conceptus has not properly implanted in the endometrium and partial shedding has occurred.
B)The conceptus has implanted in the fallopian tube and is growing outside of the uterus.
C)The zygote has divided into two blastocysts resulting in the implantation of two embryos.
D)The placenta has developed beyond the walls of the uterus.

Question 55

A newborn baby has unusual facial features,a small head and body size,poor mental abilities,and a heart defect.Physicians are likely to suspect

A)HIV.
B)rubella.
C)eclampsia.
D)fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 56

For a woman who postpones pregnancy until she is over the age of 35 will likely find that her chances of conceiving _____,whereas her risk of having a live baby with chromosome problems _____.

A)increase;decrease
B)decrease;decrease
C)decrease;increase
D)will remain unchanged;increase

Question 57

Another name for a tubal pregnancy is a(n)_____ pregnancy.

A)ectopic
B)endometrial
C)peripheral
D)fallopian

Question 58

Joy,who uses heroin regularly,is currently pregnant and she continues to use the drug.In this case,her infant is at a higher risk for

A)preeclampsiA.
B)chlamydia.
C)neonatal intoxication.
D)gestational hypertension.

Question 59

Maternal _____ impairs placental development by reducing blood flow.

A)cigarette smoking
B)alcohol consumption
C)calorie restriction
D)marijuana use

Question 60

Fetal alcohol syndrome is NOT characterized by

A)heart defects.
B)unusual facial characteristics.
C)behavioral deficits.
D)respiratory depression.

Question 61

Most miscarriages are caused by

A)carelessness on the part of the mother.
B)chemical abuse on the part of the mother.
C)chromosomal abnormalities.
D)nutritional deficiencies in the mother.

Question 62

Fertility treatments in which both the eggs and the sperm are handled are known as

A)assisted reproductive technology (ART).
B)physician intervening procedure (PIP).
C)fertility insemination treatment (FIT).
D)genetic uterine manipulation (GUM).

Question 63

An Apgar score measures

A)reflexes,color,respiration,and eye movement.
B)heart rate,blood pressure,and birth weight.
C)red cell count,respiration,birth weight,and reflexes.
D)heart rate,respiration,skin color,reflexes,and muscle tone.

Question 64

Second stage labor begins when the

A)placenta is discharged.
B)baby begins to breathe on its own.
C)mucous plug is expelled from the cervix.
D)baby's head moves into the birth canal.

Question 65

Carla just had chorionic villus sampling to determine if her fetus had birth defects.This test was likely performed in the _____ weeks of gestation.

A)second to fourth
B)eighth to tenth
C)tenth to thirteen
D)fifteenth to twentieth

Question 66

Kelly has decided to carry a pregnancy for her sister Sydney who is unable to conceive.Sydney's egg is fertilized by her husband's sperm in a lab and the resulting embryo is transferred to Kelly's uterus.In this case,Kelly is a

A)gestational carrier.
B)surrogate mother.
C)foster mother.
D)biological parent.

Question 67

Uterine contractions are stimulated by

A)relaxin.
B)oxytocin and prostaglandins.
C)lochia and lanugo.
D)allantois and HCG.

Question 68

In artificial insemination,

A)the woman's egg is united with a sperm in a lab.
B)the sperm is injected directly into a mature egg.
C)the partner's or a donor's sperm is injected into the woman.
D)the sperm and the egg are united inside the cervix.

Question 69

A major cause of infant mortality in the United States is

A)genital herpes.
B)chemical abuse by the mother and father.
C)infanticide shortly after birth.
D)poverty.

Question 70

Which of the following is primarily used to determine fetal age,position of the fetus and placenta,and possible developmental problems?

A)ultrasound
B)amniocentesis
C)alpha-fetoprotein test
D)chorionic villus sampling

Question 71

After many years of testing and attempted fertilizations,Charlotte agrees to have several of her own oocytes fertilized in a dish and then have them transferred to her uterus.This procedure is called

A)intrauterine insemination.
B)artificial insemination.
C)in vitro fertilization.
D)general inter-uterine fertilization treatment.

Question 72

The most common cause of female infertility is

A)environmental toxins or teratogens.
B)a history of a previous abortion.
C)fallopian tube blockage from PID.
D)problems with ovulation.

Question 73

The _____ stage of labor is the longest.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 74

Which of the following contribute to the occurrence of infertility in women?

A)uterine fibroids
B)hormonal imbalances
C)stress
D)All of these.

Question 75

Lilly has decided to carry a pregnancy for her cousin Shiny whose ovaries and uterus were removed due to an infection.Lilly's egg is fertilized by Shiny's husband's sperm in the laboratory and the embryo is transferred to Lilly's uterus.In this case,Lilly is a

A)gestational carrier.
B)surrogate mother.
C)foster mother.
D)proxy mother.

Question 76

Newborns are often covered with a waxy substance called

A)vernix.
B)lochia.
C)lanugo.
D)chorion.

Question 77

The first sign that a pregnant woman may miscarry is

A)painful swelling of the breasts.
B)severe nausea.
C)vaginal bleeding.
D)softening of the uterus just above the cervix.

Question 78

When a pregnancy miscarries,it is likely that

A)the miscarriage was self-induced.
B)there were chromosomal abnormalities.
C)there was psychological ambivalence about the pregnancy.
D)there were multiple fetuses.

Question 79

Harry and Sally are told that their neonate measured 9.5 on the Apgar test.This means that their baby is

A)of low birth weight.
B)having some respiratory distress.
C)overweight.
D)healthy.

Question 80

A couple has been unable to conceive a child for over a year.Which of the following is NOT a possible cause?

A)uterine fibroids
B)poor diet
C)a varicocele
D)anxiety