Deck 3: Biodiversity and Evolution

Question 1

In a region with seasonal drought, occasional fires, and grazing by large herbivores, you would most likely find a

A)forest.
B)grassland.
C)desert.
D)volcanoes.
E)sand dunes.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What term refers to the differences in genes among the individuals in a particular species?

A)ecological diversity
B)species diversity
C)functional diversity
D)biodiversity
E)genetic diversity

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Scientists use evidence from fossils and ice cores to support the accepted theory for most evolutionary change, referred to as

A)inheritance of acquired characteristics.
B)synthetic selection.
C)natural selection.
D)functional diversity.
E)punctuated equilibrium.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The second phase of speciation, which involves changes in gene pools, is called

A)geographic isolation.
B)extinction.
C)reproductive isolation.
D)adaptive radiation.
E)convergent evolution.

Question 5

The number and variety of ecosystems in a particular area, each of which is a storehouse of genetic and species diversity, is called

A)ecological diversity.
B)species diversity.
C)functional diversity.
D)biodiversity.
E)genetic diversity.

Question 6

Transferring genes from a bacteria into rice to boost its vitamin content is an example of

A)cross-breeding.
B)reproductive isolation.
C)geographic isolation.
D)divergence.
E)genetic engineering

Question 7

What are the two primary reasons the earth is 'just right' for life to thrive?

A)The earth's distance from the sun and the volume of its oceans
B)The surface area of the earth's continents and its distance from the sun
C)The size of the earth and the surface area of its continents
D)The size of the earth and its distance from the sun
E)The size of the earth and the volume of its oceans

Question 8

A desert is an area where

A)evaporation is slow.
B)average annual precipitation is low.
C)most vegetation consists of grass.
D)it never rains.
E)only cactus plants grow.

Question 9

Genetically modified bacteria use to clean up oil spills are a result of

A)genetic engineering.
B)adaptation.
C)isolation.
D)genetic selection.
E)artificial intelligence.

Question 10

Energy flow and matter cycling are part of

A)ecological diversity.
B)species diversity.
C)functional diversity.
D)biodiversity.
E)genetic diversity.

Question 11

How are current extinction rates because of human activities different than natural rates of extinction?

A)They are 100 to 10,000 times lower.
B)They are 10 to 100 times lower.
C)They are about the same.
D)They are 10 to 100 times higher.
E)They are 100 to 10,000 times higher.

Question 12

Most mutations

A)proceed though a set of programmed sequences.
B)enable individuals to evolve by becoming genetically different.
C)occur from exposure to external agents such as radioactivity.
D)cannot be passed along through reproduction cells.
E)result from random changes that occur in coded genetic instructions.

Question 13

How is the earth's climate defined?

A)daily weather conditions in a given region
B)average daily temperature and precipitation.
C)average weather conditions of the last five years
D)average weather conditions over a period of at least 30 years
E)average weather conditions over a period of more than 100 years

Question 14

What are the two most important factors determining the climate of an area?

A)temperature and ocean currents
B)precipitation and light
C)temperature and precipitation
D)light and temperature
E)geographic terrain and precipitation

Question 15

The number or variety of species found in a particular area is called

A)ecological diversity.
B)species diversity.
C)functional diversity.
D)biodiversity.
E)genetic diversity.

Question 16

A change a population's genetic makeup through successive generations is known as

A)emigration.
B)mutation.
C)natural selection.
D)biological evolution.
E)genetic drift.

Question 17

Climate and vegetation vary with

A)latitude only.
B)longitude only.
C)altitude only.
D)latitude and altitude.
E)altitude and longitude.

Question 18

A change in the genetic composition of an individual in a population is known as

A)emigration.
B)mutation.
C)natural selection.
D)biological evolution.
E)genetic drift.

Question 19

Species that are found in only one area and are especially vulnerable to extinction are referred to as which type of species?

A)specialist
B)emergent
C)generalist
D)endangered
E)endemic

Question 20

A variety of oranges that have been selectively bred to be juicer and sweeter are a result of

A)natural selection.
B)artificial selection.
C)adaptation.
D)reproductive isolation.
E)differential reproduction.

Question 21

Which type of human activity negatively affects deserts, grasslands, forests, and mountains?

A)off-road vehicles
B)agriculture
C)conversion to cropland
D)depletion of groundwater
E)timber extraction

Question 22

An example of a coastal wetland is a

A)salt marsh.
B)floodplain.
C)coral reef.
D)continental shelf.
E)lake.

Question 23

What is an example of an economic service that the ocean provides?

A)biodiversity
B)recreation and tourism
C)oxygen from photosynthesis
D)nutrient cycling
E)freshwater

Question 24

A lake or area of the ocean with a large supply of nutrients is referred to as

A)mesotrophic.
B)hypereutrophic.
C)eutrophic.
D)estuarine.
E)oligotrophic.

Question 25

The coastal zone contains 90% of all marine species but makes up only what percent of the world's ocean?

A)0.5
B)2
C)10
D)30
E)45

Question 26

The twilight (dimly lit) zone of the sea is the

A)euphotic zone.
B)abyssal zone.
C)bathyal zone.
D)coastal zone.
E)benthic zone.

Question 27

The aquatic ecosystem with the world's highest net primary productivity per unit area are found in the

A)euphotic zone.
B)abyssal zone.
C)bathyal zone.
D)coastal zone.
E)profundal zone.

Question 28

The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is

A)soil type.
B)topography.
C)magnetic fields.
D)climate.
E)rock cycle.

Question 29

The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is the

A)estuary.
B)coastal zone.
C)littoral zone.
D)benthic zone.
E)abyssal zone.

Question 30

What are some examples of major human impacts on the mountain biome?

A)agriculture, hydroelectric dams, and timber extraction
B)conversion to cropland, depletion of groundwater, and agriculture
C)large cities, oil production, and hydroelectric dams
D)overgrazing by livestock, timber extraction, and depletion of groundwater
E)hydroelectric dams, overgrazing by livestock, and release of carbon dioxide by burning

Question 31

Seawater covers what percent of the earth's surface?

A)12
B)23
C)46
D)71
E)89

Question 32

Which zone of the ocean may have some fish and crustaceans that are blind or have their own light sources?

A)oligotrophic.
B)continental.
C)bathyal.
D)euphotic.
E)abyssal.

Question 33

Marine and freshwater aquatic life zones are distinguished by their

A)nutrient concentration.
B)dissolved oxygen.
C)temperature.
D)salinity.
E)depth.

Question 34

Lakes or areas of the ocean that have a small supply of nutrients, and thus low productivity, are referred to as

A)autotrophic.
B)eutrophic.
C)oligotrophic.
D)mesotrophic.
E)abyssal.

Question 35

Large regions with characteristic types of climate and dominant plant life are called

A)ecosystems.
B)communities.
C)populations.
D)biomes.
E)niches.

Question 36

Photosynthesis in the open sea occurs in the

A)euphotic zone.
B)abyssal zone.
C)bathyal zone.
D)coastal zone.
E)profundal zone.

Question 37

Which of the following are aquatic life zones in rivers and streams?

A)source zone, floodplain zone, vertical zone.
B)floodplain zone, transition zone, upwelling zone.
C)source zone, transition zone, floodplain zone.
D)upwelling zone, transition zone, floodplain zone.
E)transition zone, vertical zone, floodplain zone.

Question 38

An example of an inland wetland is a

A)salt marsh.
B)stream.
C)coral reef.
D)swamp.
E)lake.

Question 39

Lentic and lotic freshwaters are distinguished by

A)the amount of nutrients present.
B)salinity.
C)temperature.
D)climate.
E)whether or not the water is flowing.

Question 40

What type of biome plays a critical role in the hydrologic cycle by storing ice and snow and covers about one-fourth of the earth's land surface?

A)forests
B)mountains
C)desert
D)grasslands
E)tundra

Question 41

Tectonic plate movements, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes can cause the extinction of existing species.

Question 42

Geological processes, catastrophes, and climate change affect natural selection.

Question 43

Some of the offspring of a beetle develop spots. These spots make it harder for birds to see the beetles and thus, the spotted beetles tend to survive and produce more offspring than the beetles without spots. This heritable trait is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 44

Biodiversity is a renewable resource.

Question 45

Selective breeding is a method of artificial selection.

Question 46

Mutations are essential for biological evolution to occur.

Question 47

Only mutations that occur in the genes of reproductive cells are passed on to offspring.

Question 48

"Survival of the fittest" refers to an organism's strength in beating out competitors for survival.

Question 49

Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecological diversity, and functional diversity are all a part of biodiversity.

Question 50

Individuals, not populations, evolve to become genetically different.

Question 51

In speciation, two species breed to form one new species.

Question 52

Biomes are not uniformly distributed because of discontinuities in the distribution of resources and human activities.

Question 53

Genetic engineers rely on the process of mutation in producing clones of an individual in a population.

Question 54

Deciduous forests are typically located at higher altitudes than coniferous forests.

Question 55

Natural selection can only occur if a heritable trait can be passed on to offspring at a higher rate than other individuals in a population.

Question 56

The variety of the earth's species and ecosystems is called ____________________.

Question 57

____________________ have slowly drifted on the planet's mantle for hundreds of millions of years, changing earth's surface dramatically.

Question 58

The golden tree frog that can only be found in one particular area is an example on a(n) ____________________ species.

Question 59

____________________ in any cell can result in new genetic traits that can produce a better chance of survival.

Question 60

Biomes are distinct regions separated from one another by drastic climate and vegetative differences.

Question 61

Why do rivers and lakes support different life zones?

Question 62

Briefly explain why desert ecosystems are particularly fragile.

Question 63

Explain the process of evolution through natural selection.

Question 64

____________________ are essential portions of watersheds because they serve as the liaison between land and water resources.

Question 65

Aquatic ____________________ is determined by environmental factors including temperature, sunlight, dissolved oxygen, and available nutrients.

Question 66

The vertical zones of the open sea (euphotic, bathyal, and abyssal) are differentiated primarily by the penetration of ____________________.

Question 67

____________________ fragment about 40% of the world's 237 largest rivers and alter and destroy terrestrial and aquatic habitats by reducing water flow and increasing storm damage.

Question 68

Labeling

On the accompanying temperate-zone lake, choose the zone of open water where photosynthesis can occur.

Question 69

List three reasons why estuaries and coastal wetlands are important.

Question 70

Labeling

On the accompanying temperate-zone lake, choose the zone primarily inhabited by invertebrates, such as decomposers, that can live in the low oxygen.

Question 71

Briefly explain two reasons why coastal zones have a higher net primary productivity than abyssal zones.

Question 72

Give three examples of limiting factors for populations of organisms in aquatic systems.

Question 73

Labeling

On the accompanying temperate-zone lake, choose the zone close to shore in which light reaches all the way to the bottom.

Question 74

How is genetic engineering different from artificial selection?

Question 75

____________________ facilitates one species developing into two through mutation and natural selection.