Deck 4: Community Ecology, Population Ecology, and the Human Population

Question 1

The relationship between honeybees and flowers is

A)competition.
B)commensalism.
C)parasitism.
D)mutualism.
E)predation.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is a specialist species?

A)flies
B)cockroach
C)raccoons
D)rats
E)pandas

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following predators avoid competition by being active at different times?

A)lions and tigers
B)hummingbirds and bees
C)hawks and owls
D)zebras and antelopes
E)lions and cheetahs

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Ticks feeding on the blood of a field mouse exemplify

A)competition.
B)predation.
C)parasitism.
D)mutualism.
E)commensalism.

Question 5

Species that migrate or are accidentally introduced into an ecosystem are called

A)nonnative species.
B)native species.
C)keystone species.
D)specialist species.
E)indicator species.

Question 6

Parasitism can be viewed as a special form of:

A)predation.
B)mutualism.
C)commensalism.
D)resource partitioning.
E)interspecific competition.

Question 7

Silverfish insects travel with army ants to share the food the ants leave behind after eating. This is an example of ____.

A)mutualism
B)commensalism
C)succession
D)parasitism
E)specism

Question 8

A species' ecological niche is its

A)habitat.
B)food supply.
C)role in the ecosystem.
D)length of survival.
E)need for specialized food sources.

Question 9

In which location is secondary succession most likely to occur?

A)Cooled volcanic lava
B)A new sandbar exposed by the ocean
C)A heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up
D)A bare rock outcrop
E)A newly formed, shallow freshwater pond

Question 10

The relationship between clownfish and anemones is

A)competition.
B)mutualism.
C)parasitism.
D)predation.
E)commensalism.

Question 11

Which of the following is a keystone species?

A)honeybee
B)robin
C)daisy
D)opossum
E)trout

Question 12

Predator-prey relationships are beneficial at the ____ level, but harmful at the ____ level.

A)individual; population
B)population; individual
C)individual; species
D)individual; landscape
E)landscape; species

Question 13

Species that serve as an early warning of damage to a community are called

A)indicator species.
B)native species.
C)keystone species.
D)specialist species.
E)nonnative species.

Question 14

Ecological succession

A)is initiated by indicator species.
B)never results in mutualistic species interactions.
C)generally results in very simple ecosystems.
D)rarely occurs as an orderly progression through clearly established stages.
E)always begins when vegetation grows on rock exposed by a retreating glacier.

Question 15

A species whose role in an ecosystem is vital to the abundance of other species in an ecosystem is called a(n)

A)indicator species.
B)native species.
C)keystone species.
D)specialist species.
E)nonnative species.

Question 16

Which term is synonymous with the term "invasive species"?

A)exotic species
B)native species
C)keystone species
D)harbinger species
E)indicator species

Question 17

An environmentally relevant benefit to protecting the world's sharks is to

A)support shark hunting.
B)provide pet food ingredients.
C)remove dead or dying fish from the ocean.
D)support movies that need sharks for props.
E)supply Asian countries with vital food resources.

Question 18

Resource partitioning among different species

A)develops mutualism.
B)creates a predator-prey relationship.
C)allows sharing of similar, scarce resources.
D)undermines commensalism.
E)fights parasitism.

Question 19

Which statement about generalists and specialists is true?

A)When environmental conditions are changing rapidly, a generalist is usually better off than a specialist.
B)A specialist typically has a broader niche than a generalist.
C)When environmental conditions are changing rapidly, a specialist is usually better off than a generalist.
D)A generalist typically has a more narrow niche than a specialist.
E)The habitat of generalists or specialists represent their niche.

Question 20

Species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem are known as

A)nonnative species.
B)native species.
C)keystone species.
D)specialist species.
E)indicator species.

Question 21

The three main factors that led to a rapid increase in the global human population are

A)available habitat, agriculture, and pesticides.
B)agriculture, medicine, and media alerts.
C)medicine, available habitat, and migration.
D)available habitat, agriculture, and medicine.
E)agriculture, medicine, and pesticides

Question 22

Carrying capacity is determined by

A)ecological succession.
B)biotic potential and environmental resistance.
C)unlimited resources.
D)the ratio of male to female offspring.
E)growth curves.

Question 23

Logistic growth

A)refers to an exponential increase in population size.
B)produces a J-shaped growth curve in a population/time plot.
C)exceeds the intrinsic growth rate of a population.
D)is experienced by few populations.
E)results in a population close to carrying capacity.

Question 24

Which country has the second largest number of people?

A)USA
B)China
C)India
D)Russia
E)Indonesia

Question 25

A population crash occurs when

A)a population approaches its carrying capacity.
B)environmental resistance comes into play gradually.
C)resources are essentially unlimited.
D)a population overshoots the carrying capacity and environmental pressures and shortfalls begin to exert their effects.
E)the population growth rate slows.

Question 26

In 1845, the human population of Ireland experienced a major crash as a result of

A)the plague.
B)the potato fungus.
C)an influenza epidemic.
D)a prolonged drought.
E)HIV/AIDS.

Question 27

A population will decrease as

A)birth rate increases.
B)mortality decreases.
C)biotic potential increases.
D)environmental resistance increases.
E)immigration increases

Question 28

The biotic potential of a population

A)is its capacity for ideal growth under ideal conditions.
B)is its current rate of growth of a population.
C)is an expression of how many offspring survive to reproduce.
D)can be determined only by studying an age structure diagram.
E)is the future rate of growth of a population.

Question 29

Earth's carrying capacity for the human species has

A)remained largely unchanged over time.
B)created large amounts of energy.
C)increased as a result of technological, social and cultural changes.
D)decreased as a result of technological, social and cultural changes.
E)follows a consistent upward growth trend regardless of population crashes

Question 30

In which location is primary succession most likely to occur?

A)rock exposed by a retreating glacier
B)an abandoned farm
C)a forest that had been clear-cut
D)an existing pond
E)forest that has been burned

Question 31

Which of the following exemplifies an opportunistic reproductive pattern?

A)human
B)housefly
C)rhinoceros
D)saguaro cactus
E)cow

Question 32

Population size is increased by

A)births.
B)deaths.
C)indicator species.
D)colonization.
E)emigration.

Question 33

Population change =

A)(Births + Deaths) (Immigration + Emigration)
B)(Births Emigration) + (Deaths Immigration)
C)(Births Immigration) + (Deaths Emigration)
D)(Births + Emigration) (Deaths + Immigration)
E)(Births + Immigration) (Deaths + Emigration)

Question 34

The current world population is approximately

A)1.5 billion.
B)4.2 billion.
C)7.1 billion.
D)10.1 billion.
E)15.8 billion.

Question 35

Organisms with opportunistic reproductive strategies generally

A)have a low biotic potential.
B)are small and short-lived.
C)give significant parental care to its offspring.
D)are not very adaptable to change.
E)are large and long-lived.

Question 36

An organism with a "few offspring" strategy generally

A)has a high genetic diversity.
B)is more responsive to environmental changes than other species.
C)exhibits a fast rate of evolution.
D)is less adaptable to change than other species.
E)is small and long lived.

Question 37

Which country has the largest number of people?

A)USA
B)China
C)India
D)Russia
E)Indonesia

Question 38

A country with a large proportion of its population in a preproductive age group (age 0-14) is most likely to experience a future population growth that

A)declines rapidly.
B)declines slowly.
C)remains stable (unchanging).
D)increases slowly.
E)increases rapidly.

Question 39

Carrying capacity refers to the

A)reproductive rate of a population.
B)interaction of birth rate and mortality.
C)maximum population size that the environment will support.
D)proportion of males to females.
E)intrinsic rate of increase.

Question 40

The size of a population is affected by

A)the number of indicator species in an ecosystem.
B)the number of niches available in an ecosystem.
C)whether the population is native or nonnative to an ecosystem.
D)the absence of indicator species in an ecosystem.
E)birth and death rates of the population in an ecosystem.

Question 41

Ecological succession proceeds in an orderly fashion from primary to secondary.

Question 42

The drop in China's total fertility rate between 1972 and 2012 has caused the average age of that country's population to decline.

Question 43

Most organisms have reproductive patterns between the opportunist and competitor extremes.

Question 44

Predation and parasitism are examples of ecological interactions that are harmful at the individual level.

Question 45

The size of a species' population, be that of an animal or plant, is influenced by births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.

Question 46

A population's growth rate will increase as the population reaches its carrying capacity.

Question 47

Non-native or invasive species are threatening and should be eradicated.

Question 48

The gradual establishment of communities in areas where soil did not previously exist is known as ____________________.

Question 49

The ____________________ rate of increase is the rate a population would grow if it had unlimited resources.

Question 50

A(n) ____________________ is a species whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem.

Question 51

Different species within a community, whether native or nonnative, play similar roles in the community's ecology.

Question 52

The polar bear is a(n)____________________ species to cold regions.

Question 53

The population of the United States is growing because the replacement fertility rate exceeds the total fertility rate.

Question 54

Although total fertility rates have decreased, the world's population has still not stabilized.

Question 55

In ____________________, species interact in order to gain access to limited resources such as food or space.

Question 56

As economic development increases, birth and death rates decrease.

Question 57

Less-developed countries generally have high population growth rates because birth rates are high and death rates are low.

Question 58

In a rapidly changing environment, the generalist species is better able to survive than the specialist species.

Question 59

Resource partitioning is one solution to the problems associated with ecological succession.

Question 60

Primary ecological succession occurs when native species take over abandoned farm fields.

Question 61

How do keystone species differ from indicator species?

Question 62

What is the difference between mutualism and commensalism?

Question 63

What is the major difference between generalist species and specialist species?

Question 64

Whales are examples of ____________________ because they reproduce slowly and produce few, well nurtured offspring to ensure survival of the species.

Question 65

India's population increased from 400 million in 1952 to 1.26 billion in 2012 mostly as a result of ____________________ rates.

Question 66

Populations can decline by increasing death rates. If this decline is gradual, the harmful effects can be mitigated. List three major problems associated with rapid population decline. Can you think of any positive outcomes of rapid population decline?

Question 67

Humans can extend the earth's carrying capacity for the species. Can the earth adequately support an exponentially growing human population?

Question 68

____________________ is the combination of all factors that limit the growth of a population.

Question 69

____________ provides educational and clinical services to help couples choose how many children to have and when to have them.

Question 70

Labeling

On the exponential growth of reindeer figure, choose the portion of the graph that represents the number of reindeer that can be sustained indefinitely in a given area.

Question 71

Labeling

On the exponential growth of reindeer figure, choose the portion of the graph that represents the number of reindeer that exceeded the carrying capacity of their environment.

Question 72

Rats are examples of ____________________ because they reproduce and disperse rapidly and produce many offspring to ensure survival of the species.

Question 73

Why is predation considered beneficial at the population level but harmful at the individual level?

Question 74

Labeling

On the exponential growth of reindeer figure, choose the portion of the graph that can referred to as "dieback."

Question 75

If total fertility rates are decreasing, why is the world's human population still increasing?