Deck 7: Food, Soil, and Pest Management

Question 1

The term chronic malnutrition refers to people who

A)eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.
B)eat balanced meals.
C)eat too much.
D)do not eat enough proteins and key nutrients.
E)eat too much protein.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If an aphid is an example of a crop-eating pest, what is a lady bird beetle (lady bug) that eats the aphid?

A)A natural enemy
B)A pesticide
C)A parasite
D)An invasive species
E)A nematode

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following are benefits of aquaculture?

A)high yields, less waste output, and high profits
B)use of small amounts of feed, high profits, and high yields
C)high profits, high yields, and reduction of the overharvesting of some wild fish
D)high profits, resistance to disease, and less waste output
E)reduction of the overharvesting of some wild fish, less waste output, and high profits

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Cattle and dairy cows are responsible for producing around 16% of the world's annual emissions of which greenhouse gas?

A)carbon dioxide
B)nitrous oxide
C)carbon monoxide
D)chlorofluorocarbons
E)methane

Question 5

What is the leading cause of food insecurity in the world?

A)political upheaval
B)inability to transport food safely
C)poverty
D)destruction of harvest by parasites/herbivores
E)war

Question 6

Anemia can be the result of a deficiency in

A)cobalt.
B)iodine.
C)iron.
D)calcium.
E)potassium.

Question 7

Which scientist is responsible for alerting the public and scientific community to the threats of pesticides?

A)Rhonda Stavinski
B)Rachel Carson
C)Jacques Cousteau
D)Linda Applebaum
E)Tracy Lee

Question 8

A United States corporation manufactures a pesticide that is banned for use in the USA. The corporation markets the pesticide overseas, where it is applied to tropical produce. The tropical produce is imported into the U.S. for consumption by consumers such as you. What is this process called?

A)circle of poison
B)IPM
C)trickle-down effect
D)bioaccumulation
E)chemical disruption

Question 9

Which of the following is characteristic of subsistence farming?

A)human labor and draft animals
B)monoculture
C)feedlots to raise many animals in a small space
D)large amounts of fossil fuels during cultivation and harvesting
E)industrialized agriculture

Question 10

What is a monoculture crop?

A)A cloned plant species
B)A large crop of a single species
C)A cultural identity of a species
D)A large farm that grows many varieties of crops
E)A crop that has been severely stricken by disease or drought

Question 11

A pesticide that is toxic to many pests and non-pest species, is called a

A)monoapplication.
B)natural application.
C)pest target.
D)broad-spectrum agent.
E)narrow-spectrum agent.

Question 12

In natural ecosystems, what types of organisms feed off pest species and control the pest populations?

A)prey
B)rodents
C)pesticides
D)natural enemies
E)insects

Question 13

What causes waterlogging?

A)desertification
B)an excess of saltwater intrusion
C)heavy rain
D)erosion
E)a rise in the water table from irrigation

Question 14

What causes most soil erosion?

A)severe weather
B)wind, water, and human activities
C)water, human activities, and wild animals
D)volcanoes and earthquakes
E)grazing

Question 15

Which of the following are advantages of animal feedlots?

A)increased meat production, higher profits, and reduced soil erosion
B)higher profits, less overcrowding, and reduced overgrazing
C)reduced overgrazing, greenhouse gas emissions, and higher profits
D)increased genetic resistance in humans, increased meat production, and higher profits
E)reduced soil erosion, less overcrowding, and increased genetic resistance in humans

Question 16

What is the rank these food production systems in order of proportion of the world's food supplied from biggest to smallest?

A)cropland, rangeland, and fisheries
B)rangeland, cropland, and fisheries
C)fisheries, rangeland, and cropland
D)cropland, fisheries, and rangeland
E)rangeland, fisheries, and cropland

Question 17

More than enough food is produced to meet every human being's needs, but one-sixth of the population in less-developed countries goes hungry. What is the primary reason for this?

A)uneven food distribution
B)not having enough meat products produced
C)lack of nutrients contained in food
D)not enough fish farms
E)pest attacks on farms

Question 18

Roughly how many people worldwide are either undernourished or malnourished?

A)50 million
B)100 million
C)500 million
D)1 billion
E)3 billion

Question 19

Which type of agriculture is most characteristic of more-developed countries?

A)plantation agriculture
B)traditional intensive agriculture
C)traditional subsistence agriculture
D)industrialized agriculture
E)sustainable agriculture

Question 20

Which aspect of food production most negatively affects human health?

A)conversion of grasslands to rangeland
B)erosion
C)fish kills
D)pesticide residues in water, food, and air.
E)desertification.

Question 21

Which of the following characterize sustainable agriculture?

A)Promoting monoculture, use of organic fertilizers, and conserving topsoil
B)Lack of need of substantial fossil fuels, maintaining current aquaculture, and using organic fertilizers
C)Conserving topsoil, using of organic fertilizers, and lessening the use of genetically engineered crops
D)Maintaining current aquaculture, using of organic fertilizers, and promoting monoculture
E)Promoting monoculture, lessening the use of genetically engineered crops, and using organic fertilizers

Question 22

Which of the following categories includes all of the others?

A)insecticides
B)herbicides
C)pesticides
D)fungicides
E)rodenticides

Question 23

How can an individual support the concept of sustainable agriculture?

A)Eat higher on the food chain.
B)Purchase food primarily from chain retailers.
C)Eat more meat products.
D)Use pesticides in his/her home garden.
E)Eat locally grown food.

Question 24

Contour farming involves

A)converting a steep slope into a series of terraces.
B)building a series of small dams.
C)plowing and planting in rows across the slope rather than up and down.
D)plowing straight down-slope or straight up-slope.
E)stimulating the growth of soil bacteria.

Question 25

Planting crops in alternating rows of close-growing plants

A)creates windbreaks.
B)is called strip cropping.
C)is called crop rotation.
D)increases erosion rates.
E)decreases soil's water holding capacity.

Question 26

What is a hormone?

A)A new form of chemical insecticide waiting approval by the EPA
B)A strong herbicide
C)A species-specific chemical sex attractant
D)A chemical that travels in the circulatory system and controls an organism's growth and development
E)A safe, natural pesticide

Question 27

Soil conservation on farms is best implemented by which of the following methods?

A)terracing, contour farming, and alley cropping
B)contour farming, plowing, and cover crops
C)alley cropping, cover crops, and plowing
D)plowing, tilling, and contour farming
E)cover crops, alley cropping, and tilling

Question 28

Sustainable agriculture

A)treats agriculture as an industry.
B)treats long-term soil quality as a top priority.
C)has a goal of increasing short-term crop production.
D)depends on genetic engineering of high-yield crops.
E)never includes crop rotation.

Question 29

What are the two main approaches the government uses to influence food production?

A)eliminating subsidies and controlling prices
B)importing needed crops and controlling pricing
C)providing subsidies and recycling
D)eliminating subsidies and importing needed crops
E)controlling prices and providing subsidies

Question 30

What agricultural style prevents erosion on steep slopes?

A)windbreaks
B)conservation tillage farming
C)terracing
D)strip cropping
E)crop rotation

Question 31

Global food supplies can be made more available and affordable by

A)purchasing food from big box stores.
B)consuming more meat.
C)eliminating subsidies.
D)wasting less food.
E)promoting free trade.

Question 32

In alley cropping,

A)crops are planted between rows of trees or shrubs that are used for fruit or firewood.
B)terraces are built to prevent swift water runoff.
C)plowing runs across slopes.
D)special tillers are used so the topsoil is not disturbed.
E)a small series of dams are built.

Question 33

A farmer with 1,000 acres desires to reduce soil erosion on her land. Her acreage is open fields on a steep mountain slope. What is her best option to reduce erosion?

A)terracing
B)alley cropping
C)strip cropping
D)contour farming
E)leveling the mountain

Question 34

Which of the following would be used to kill weeds?

A)herbicides
B)rodenticides
C)fungicides
D)insecticides
E)natural enemies

Question 35

IPM (integrated pest management) is becoming widespread as a way to control pests. This method

A)first uses chemical controls to maximize yields.
B)has been shown not to be effective in commercial agriculture.
C)first uses cultivation such as intercropping, then uses biological controls, and then uses chemical controls in hard hit areas.
D)uses a mixture of several modern pesticides applied at one time.
E)first uses chemical controls, then biological controls and then cultivation.

Question 36

What are the three major types of organic fertilizer?

A)green manure, nitrate spray, and animal manure
B)sewage sludge, compost, and green manure
C)compost, liquid manure, and nitrate spray
D)animal manure, compost, and green manure
E)liquid manure, sewage sludge, and animal manure

Question 37

Integrated pest management ____ than pesticides.

A)is more labor intensive
B)is faster acting
C)requires more fertilizer and irrigation
D)is less environmentally sound
E)is easier to use

Question 38

Pesticides used to kill only a selective, target species are referred to as

A)broad spectrum.
B)insecticides.
C)natural enemies.
D)narrow spectrum.
E)persistent.

Question 39

Sustainable agriculture is characterized by the major use of

A)massive irrigation projects.
B)fossil fuels.
C)pesticides.
D)organic fertilizers.
E)inorganic fertilizers.

Question 40

What is a pheromone?

A)A new form of chemical insecticide waiting approval by the EPA
B)A strong herbicide
C)A species-specific chemical sex attractant
D)A chemical that travels in the bloodstream and controls an organism's growth and development
E)A safe, natural pesticide

Question 41

People who are underfed and people who are overfed face similar health problems.

Question 42

The small number of livestock and grains that humans depend on for food places us in an advantageous position to withstand the effects of environmental degradation.

Question 43

Malnourished individuals may become more prone to infections and may eventually develop a specific deficiency disease.

Question 44

____________________ is the condition under which all or most of the people in a population have daily access to enough nutritious food to live active and healthy lives.

Question 45

Goiter is caused by a deficiency of ____________________.

Question 46

Crossbreeding is a quick and reliable process that combines genes from genetically dissimilar species to produce a valuable new crop.

Question 47

Pesticide use has resulted in increased pest resistance and therefore an increased use of pesticides.

Question 48

Aquaculture is the world's fastest growing type of food production.

Question 49

Polyculture farms produce higher yields than high-input monoculture farms.

Question 50

Even if a country has banned the use of DDT, the pesticide can still enter the country as it can be carried by vectors such as wind.

Question 51

Plantation agriculture is primarily used to reduce soil erosion and restore soil fertility.

Question 52

The United States' agricultural system employs more people than the automotive, steel, and housing industries combined.

Question 53

_____________________ result from altering an organism's genetic material to produce desirable traits and therefore, are very controversial.

Question 54

Livestock production generates more of the world's greenhouse gases than the transportation sector.

Question 55

More-developed countries primarily use ____________________ agriculture for food production.

Question 56

The need for large inputs of commercial inorganic fertilizers is a disadvantage to the green revolution.

Question 57

One of the best ways to overcome undernutrition is to reduce poverty.

Question 58

Current worldwide food production is less than in previous decades.

Question 59

Since the 1950s, the ____________________ has increased global food production by planting monocultures of key crops, increasing yields, and increasing the number of crops grown per year.

Question 60

Crop rotation depletes nutrients in the topsoil more than when only a single crop is used year after year.

Question 61

____________________ is the movement of surface litter and topsoil.

Question 62

Explain how eating fish or poultry leads to more sustainable agriculture.

Question 63

Labeling

In the accompanying world food production map, choose the location that principally involves industrialized agriculture.

Question 64

Two problems associated with ____________________ are salination and waterlogging.

Question 65

Although highly efficient, ____________________ destroys mangrove forests, produces large amounts of waste, and demands large inputs of land, feed, and water.

Question 66

What are three problems associated with synthetic pesticide use in large-scale agriculture?

Question 67

What can an individual do to reduce exposure to pesticides? List at least three ways.

Question 68

A(n) ____________________ is the specific type of pesticide used to kill rats and mice.

Question 69

Describe the current state of the green revolution and where you see the future going.

Question 70

Labeling

In the accompanying world food production map, choose the location that has essentially no agriculture.

Question 71

Why are genetically modified organisms controversial? Do you think they should be used to increase food security?

Question 72

What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of commercial pesticides and more sustainable pesticides? Which do you think is the best choice for the future?

Question 73

Labeling

In the accompanying world food production map, choose the location that principally involves intensive traditional agriculture.

Question 74

U.S. consumers pay less than the market price of their total food costs. What are three of the hidden costs related to their food consumption?

Question 75

____________________ occurs when the productive potential of topsoil falls by 10% or more because of prolonged drought and human activities.