Deck 15: Ethical Principles in Research

Question 1

What group is charged with reviewing the ethical implications of a research study?

A) Health access group
B) Institutional review board
C) Ethic study board
D) Bioethics review group
E) Both A and C

Answer 1

Institutional review board

Question 2

Making good ethical decisions in research can help an institution, researchers, and society as a whole. On the other hand, poor ethical choices tend to accumulate or snowball and can sometimes become unethical habits, which can affect all of us.

A) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.

Answer 2

Both statements are true.

Question 3

As a result of the Belmont Report, medical research became a slow, laborious process with many checks and balances to protect human subjects.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

An institutional review board should include which roles?

A) Ensures that the rights and safety of the research subjects are respected and protected
B) Protects the institution and the researchers against lawsuits
C) Holds the researchers accountable to the public
D) All of the above

Question 5

What act adds to the confidentiality of patient records?

A) HIPPO
B) HIPAA
C) IRB
D) BEG
E) Both A and B

Question 6

Ethical behavior in research may be described as what is ________.

A) Right
B) Legal
C) Fair
D) Both A and B
E) all of the above

Question 7

War crimes committed during World War II involved infecting prisoners with HIV. This was done primarily to conduct research on the AIDS virus.

A) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 8

The most compelling ethical dilemma with the Tuskegee Study was which of the following?

A) Did not make the study consent available in all languages
B) Plagiarism of test results
C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available
D) Researchers became too close with subjects

Question 9

Bioethics, an important aspect of conducting research, refers to the inherent role of ethics in health care and the established norms that distinguish between morally acceptable and unacceptable research practices.

A) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 10

When a covered entity conducts clinical research involving protected health information (PHI), dental hygienists-investigators must understand the HIPAA privacy rules' restrictions on the use and disclosure of patients' PHI, such as information from a patient's medical chart or test results, as well as an individual's billing information for medical services rendered, when that information is held or transmitted by an entity. PHI also includes identifiable health information about subjects of clinical research gathered by a researcher who is a health care provider.

A) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 11

The Belmont Report describes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Identified principles include which of the following?

A) Respect for persons
B) Specific guidelines for war
C) Roles of institutions
D) None of the above

Question 12

Ethics, in a "nutshell," is about doing the right thing.

Question 13

The Nuremberg Code was a result of ________.

A) The absence of research protocol from a university
B) A trial that was run without due process
C) War crimes trials
D) Universal report that was developed in the early 21st century

Question 14

Government entities such as the state department review research conducted in the private sector.

Question 15

Informed consent, another ethical consideration, requires educating a subject in a research study about the study's purpose, duration, experimental procedures, alternatives, risks, and benefits.

Question 16

Research misconduct may include ________.

A) Plagiarism
B) Copyright or patent infringement
C) Falsifying or fabricating data
D) All of the above

Question 17

Institutions that conduct medical research usually have an entity known as the HIPAA.

Question 18

Choose the item that best matches each item of the following:
Nonmaleficence

A)Involves dental hygiene researcher doing what he or she thinks is best for the patient according to his or her ability and judgment
B)Ability to govern one's profession and to basically be self-determined and directed as a profession
C)Can be defined simply as being honest
D)Providing patients, test subjects, or populations with what is owed, due, or deserved
E)Requires that existing harm be removed
F)Health care provider's first obligation to the patient is to do no harm

Question 19

The Tuskegee Syphilis study was conducted by which institution?

A) FDA
B) CDC
C) US PHS
D) FTC

Question 20

When research involves human subjects, an informed consent must be obtained because subjects should always understand the research in which they are participating.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 21

Choose the item that best matches each item of the following:
Veracity

A)Involves dental hygiene researcher doing what he or she thinks is best for the patient according to his or her ability and judgment
B)Ability to govern one's profession and to basically be self-determined and directed as a profession
C)Can be defined simply as being honest
D)Providing patients, test subjects, or populations with what is owed, due, or deserved
E)Requires that existing harm be removed
F)Health care provider's first obligation to the patient is to do no harm

Question 22

Choose the item that best matches each item of the following:
Paternalism

A)Involves dental hygiene researcher doing what he or she thinks is best for the patient according to his or her ability and judgment
B)Ability to govern one's profession and to basically be self-determined and directed as a profession
C)Can be defined simply as being honest
D)Providing patients, test subjects, or populations with what is owed, due, or deserved
E)Requires that existing harm be removed
F)Health care provider's first obligation to the patient is to do no harm

Question 23

Choose the item that best matches each item of the following:
Autonomy

A)Involves dental hygiene researcher doing what he or she thinks is best for the patient according to his or her ability and judgment
B)Ability to govern one's profession and to basically be self-determined and directed as a profession
C)Can be defined simply as being honest
D)Providing patients, test subjects, or populations with what is owed, due, or deserved
E)Requires that existing harm be removed
F)Health care provider's first obligation to the patient is to do no harm

Question 24

Choose the item that best matches each item of the following:
Beneficence

A)Involves dental hygiene researcher doing what he or she thinks is best for the patient according to his or her ability and judgment
B)Ability to govern one's profession and to basically be self-determined and directed as a profession
C)Can be defined simply as being honest
D)Providing patients, test subjects, or populations with what is owed, due, or deserved
E)Requires that existing harm be removed
F)Health care provider's first obligation to the patient is to do no harm

Question 25

Choose the item that best matches each item of the following:
Justice

A)Involves dental hygiene researcher doing what he or she thinks is best for the patient according to his or her ability and judgment
B)Ability to govern one's profession and to basically be self-determined and directed as a profession
C)Can be defined simply as being honest
D)Providing patients, test subjects, or populations with what is owed, due, or deserved
E)Requires that existing harm be removed
F)Health care provider's first obligation to the patient is to do no harm