Deck 4: Treating Children, Adolescents, and Families

Question 1

In the initiation phase of pharmacological treatment, ______.

A) the physician gradually titrates (decreases) the dosage of the medication so it is not too strong
B) the child must continue using the medication even if it causes side effects so the side effects can be sufficiently evaluated
C) if one medication in a class is not able to be tolerated, then other medications in the same class won't be tolerated either
D) switching to a new medication may be necessary if there is a failure to respond (no beneficial results) from the original medication

Answer 1

switching to a new medication may be necessary if there is a failure to respond (no beneficial results) from the original medication

Question 2

Which medications are NOT effective in treating bipolar disorder?

A) antidepressants
B) antipsychotics
C) lithium
D) anticonvulsants

Answer 2

antidepressants

Question 3

Which of the following is true of anxiolytics?

A) They are the first-line treatment for children with anxiety.
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can take 2 to 4 weeks to reach maximum effectiveness.
C) Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors tend to be useful in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) The first medication used to treat panic disorder in children is typically benzodiazepines.

Answer 3

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can take 2 to 4 weeks to reach maximum effectiveness.

Question 4

Molly's therapist displays her genuine feelings during a therapy session; she doesn't remain disengaged or emotionally distant.This is known as ______.

A) unethical
B) transference
C) congruence
D) empathy

Question 5

Which of the following is true of lithium?

A) It is not approved for use in adolescents.
B) It may be effective in adolescents, but recent randomized controlled trials indicate it is not effective in children.
C) The side effects mean it cannot be prescribed to children, even if it is effective.
D) It primarily addresses the mania in bipolar disorder.

Question 6

Marta's therapist notes that Marta is most likely to engage in self-injurious behavior when she is feeling rejected.After engaging in the self-injurious behavior,she feels a sense of relief.Marta's therapist has conducted a(n)______.Over the course of treatment,Marta's therapist might help Marta avoid feelings of rejection by having her engage with a supportive peer group.Marta's therapist is likely engaging in ______.

A) functional analysis; psychodynamic therapy
B) action plan; behavior therapy
C) functional analysis; behavior therapy
D) action plan; interpersonal therapy

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of suicide and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

A) SSRIs do not increase suicide attempts in children.
B) SSRIs tripled the rate of suicidal ideation in children.
C) Children taking SSRIs should be monitored by their physicians and caregivers for signs of suicidal ideation.
D) The relationship between SSRIs and suicidal ideation has not yet been examined by the FDA.

Question 8

What is the difference between stimulant and nonstimulant medications for ADHD?

A) Stimulant medications affect the action of dopamine, while nonstimulant medications affect the action of serotonin.
B) Nonstimulant medications typically work more quickly than stimulant medications do.
C) Nonstimulants are less likely to be abused or distributed.
D) Nonstimulants have more severe side effects than stimulants.

Question 9

Which classes of medication impact the dopamine system?

A) stimulants and SSRIs
B) Stimulants and antipsychotics
C) anxiolytics and lithium
D) anxiolytics and stimulants

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the three phases of pharmacological treatment?

A) consent
B) monitoring
C) discontinuation
D) analysis

Question 11

Which of the following individuals CANNOT prescribe medication in most places?

A) pediatricians
B) family practitioners
C) child psychiatrists
D) psychologists

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of newer antipsychotics,such as risperidone (Risperdal)?

A) They are more frequently prescribed to children and adolescents than first-generation antipsychotics.
B) They are second only to lithium as first-line treatments for youths with bipolar disorder.
C) They have been shown to reduce aggressive outbursts in children with autism spectrum disorder.
D) They tend to produce sedation and daytime sleepiness in children.

Question 13

When might a rebound effect occur in pharmacological treatment?

A) at initiation
B) during maintenance
C) at discontinuation
D) at evaluation

Question 14

Which is true of drug testing in children?

A) No medications have been approved by the FDA for use in children.
B) All medicines prescribed to children are approved for use in children.
C) Some medications are prescribed to children "off label," meaning without FDA approval.
D) Less research on medications is being conducted in children now than in the past due to liability issues.

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT considered to be a necessary and sufficient condition for therapeutic change,according to Carl Rogers?

A) therapeutic ritual
B) unconditional positive regard
C) congruence
D) empathy

Question 16

Because of differences in their physiology,children ______.

A) usually require lower doses of medication
B) usually require higher doses of medication
C) usually have to take medication fewer times per day than do adults
D) usually have to take different kinds of medication than adults

Question 17

A child who refuses to take medication and instead gives it to his peers is engaging in

A) adherence
B) compliance
C) diversion
D) diffusion

Question 18

The type of therapy that addresses clients' problems at the symptom level is called ______.

A) behavior therapy
B) interpersonal therapy
C) psychodynamic therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 19

How do psychostimulants work?

A) by increasing the activity of dopamine
B) by decreasing the activity of dopamine
C) by increasing the activity of serotonin
D) by decreasing the activity of serotonin

Question 20

Which class is the most frequently prescribed medication for children?

A) psychostimulants
B) anxiolytics
C) antidepressants
D) antipsychotics

Question 21

The pattern of interactions between the therapist and client ______.

A) is thought to hold keys to the client's conscious feelings
B) may reflect transference
C) is most important from an interpersonal therapy perspective
D) can help conscious thoughts translate into the unconscious

Question 22

Which of the following was a key finding on the efficacy of child psychotherapies?

A) The dodo verdict holds-all treatments seem to be equally effective overall.
B) Behavioral therapies tend to yield greater effect sizes.
C) Treatment tended to work better for children than adolescents because children were less set in their ways and less resistant to treatment.
D) Therapy was more effective for externalizing (e.g., disruptive behavior problems) than for internalizing (e.g., anxiety and depression) disorders.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a true difference between child and adult psychotherapy?

A) Adults tend to have higher motivation for changing their behavior than children do.
B) Youths tend to show less psychological distress than adults.
C) Children cannot engage in all the same psychotherapies as adults because they may lack metacognition.
D) In child psychotherapy, the goal is usually symptom reduction.

Question 24

The text recommends that therapists can avoid conflicts of interest by asking which of the following questions?

A) What would a judge think of this arrangement?
B) Is my mentor aware of this relationship?
C) Who is my client?
D) When will this relationship end?

Question 25

Effects in therapy can be global or specific-that is,they can improve the person's general functioning,or improve the specific issue(s)that the therapy targets.Which of the following is true of these global and specific functioning improvements in children and adults?

A) Research tends to show a global effect of therapy in children and a more specific effect in adults.
B) Research tends to show a global effect of therapy in both children and adults.
C) Research tends to show a specific effect of therapy in children and a more global effect in adults.
D) Research tends to show a specific effect for both children and adults.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the child and adolescent psychotherapy outcome literature?

A) Children and adolescents who participate in therapy efficacy studies show greater symptom reduction than youths assigned to control groups.
B) In real-life settings, therapy for children and adolescents works about as well as therapy for adults.
C) Behaviorally based therapies seem to yield greater benefits for children than nonbehavioral treatments.
D) Younger children tend to show the greatest improvements in therapy.

Question 27

Psychologists ______.

A) may hold a master's degree
B) may prescribe medication
C) must complete a four- or five- year graduate program and a one-year internship
D) must receive postdoctoral training in assessment, therapy, or neuropsychology

Question 28

Which of the following therapies is mismatched with its goal?

A) cognitive therapy; to help clients recognize the connection between thoughts, feelings, and actions
B) behavioral therapy; to alter environmental contingencies to increase adaptive action patterns
C) interpersonal therapy; to foster the individual's desire for social interaction through increasing self-esteem
D) psychodynamic therapy; to provide insight into unconscious mental conflict

Question 29

A therapist who asks her client,"What's the evidence that your teacher thought you were stupid?" is likely engaging in ______.

A) behavior therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) interpersonal therapy
D) psychodynamic therapy

Question 30

An MD who specializes in the assessment,diagnosis,and treatment of mental disorders is a ______.

A) psychologist
B) school psychologist
C) psychiatrist
D) pediatrician

Question 31

According to Albert Ellis,an adolescent client who states,"I need to get into my first-choice college.If I don't,I'm just going to die," is displaying a(n)______.

A) cognitive bias
B) cognitive distortion
C) irrational belief
D) fundamental attribution error

Question 32

Is child psychotherapy efficacious?

A) The results are unclear; the meta-analyses that have examined this have come to different conclusions.
B) Yes, but not as much as in adults; the meta-analyses that have examined this have shown reliably smaller effect sizes for children than adults.
C) Yes, with effect sizes comparable to effect sizes for adults; this indicates that efficacy is similar for children and adults.
D) Yes, but what we don't know is how well children without therapy would have fared; a controlled experiment still needs to be conducted.

Question 33

To conduct a meta-analysis,______.

A) there must be more than one study that has examined the effects of a given treatment
B) if at least one study included in the meta-analysis used a control group, other studies without control groups can be considered as well
C) a negative effect size indicates a reduction in symptoms among the treatment group
D) any effect size over 0.25 is considered large

Question 34

According to Adlerian Family Therapy,which is NOT a reason disruptive behavior might occur?

A) to gain attention
B) to gain objects or favors
C) to get even with others
D) to be left alone

Question 35

The four main ways relationships can be disrupted,according to interpersonal therapy,include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) death
B) interpersonal transition
C) interpersonal deficits
D) interpersonal intentions

Question 36

Molly hears some girls in her class laughing as she walks up.She thinks they're laughing at her and further thinks that she's a loser and she'll never be popular.This is an example of ______.

A) cognitive bias
B) cognitive distortion
C) maladaptive behavior
D) interpersonal transition

Question 37

Which of the following is true according to structural family therapy?

A) Healthy families don't contain alliances.
B) Healthy families don't have boundaries between parents and children.
C) In healthy families, parents remain figures of authority.
D) In disengaged families, there are no rules or boundaries.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a central belief of family systems therapy?

A) The family is a system, with all members influencing all others.
B) A family is best understood from the context of the mother.
C) The entire family is the "client."
D) Changes in one family member will affect all members of the family.

Question 39

When weighting the effect sizes of studies with the number of participants in each study, ______.

A) psychotherapy in children is no longer found to be effective
B) psychotherapy in children is found to be even more highly effective.
C) the average effect size is in the "moderate" rather than the "small" range
D) the average effect size is in the "moderate" rather than the "large" range

Question 40

Which of the following is true regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy in children and adolescents?

A) Completion rates are much higher for individuals with internalizing than with externalizing disorders.
B) Youths with internalizing disorders had far higher response rates to psychotherapy than youths with externalizing disorders did.
C) Therapies that had not been proven to be efficacious were also not effective.
D) The meta-analysis clearly showed the increased effectiveness of cognitive-based interventions.

Question 41

If researchers from the United States tested new psychotropic medications on populations in Ghana,and then determined which was most efficacious and effective and brought them back to the United States at such a high price that those in Ghana could not afford these treatments,this would violate which of the following General Principles of the APA Ethics Code?

A) Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
B) Fidelity and Responsibility
C) Integrity
D) Justice

Question 42

Therapists are more likely to break confidentiality as the risk of harm increases.

Question 43

Tricyclic antidepressants,particularly atypical ones,have been shown to be effective and safe in youth.

Question 44

Which type of clinician would help children recover and improve the skills needed for play,education,and daily living through the use of everyday activities and exercises?

A) child-life expert
B) social worker
C) psychiatric-mental health nurse
D) occupational therapist

Question 45

Dr.Gupta is treating a 10-year-old with an anxiety problem.The specifics of the case are challenging for Dr.Gupta to address,so he wants to consult with Dr.Suresh for a recommendation about how to proceed.Which of the following is true?

A) Dr. Gupta cannot consult with Dr. Suresh because doing so would break confidentiality.
B) Dr. Gupta can consult with Dr. Suresh, but only if he receives specific consent from the 10-year-old's parents and assent from the 10-year-old.
C) Dr. Gupta can consult with Dr. Suresh but must be careful to only provide information that is absolutely necessary.
D) The APA Ethical Principles allow for Dr. Gupta to provide full information to Dr. Suresh, including the client's name and other identifying information.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT true regarding consent for treatment among minors?

A) Children cannot provide consent because consent implies that they freely agree to participate and fully appreciate the risks and benefits of participation in treatment.
B) Adolescents cannot usually provide consent because they are often not in treatment voluntarily; they may instead feel pressured by others, such as their parents.
C) For minors, parents may provide consent and that is sufficient to begin treatment.
D) Children and adolescents must minimally provide assent before treatment can begin.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT one of the APA Ethical Principles?

A) cultural sensitivity
B) integrity
C) justice
D) fidelity and responsibility

Question 48

Dr.Wu has been treating Zane,who is in foster care,for 3 years.Dr.Wu has grown fond of Zane,and when Zane's foster parents decide they can no longer care for him,Dr.Wu considered becoming Zane's foster parent.Which of the following is true?

A) If Dr. Wu becomes Zane's foster parent, that would be considered a multiple relationship.
B) If Dr. Wu becomes Zane's foster parent, Dr. Wu would be able to continue as Zane's therapist ethically.
C) If Dr. Wu becomes Zane's foster parent, it would not be moral.
D) If Dr. Wu becomes Zane's foster parent, it would not be a conflict of interest, because Dr. Wu would be Zane's guardian and hence able to consent to treatment.

Question 49

Under what circumstances is obtaining parental consent NOT necessary to provide psychological treatment to a minor?

A) if the minor requests that the parents not be contacted
B) if the minor is sufficiently intellectually advanced to fully appreciate the risks and benefits of treatment
C) if the minor is in a state of crisis, for instance, on the brink of attempting suicide
D) if the parent refuses to provide consent

Question 50

Comorbidity is much rarer in children than it is in adults.

Question 51

Dr.Martinez has been trained in child psychology.He notices that one of his client's parents seems in need of psychological services as well.Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Since Dr. Martinez does not have training to work with adult clients, treating the parent would not respect the boundaries of his competence.
B) Since Dr. Martinez is already treating the child, treating the parent as well would create a conflict of interest.
C) Since Dr. Martinez is of Mexican descent, treating the client's parent would fall outside of the boundaries of his competence if the parent were of a different ethnic heritage.
D) Since Dr. Martinez does not have the parent's or client's consent to treat the parent, initiating treatment would be unethical.

Question 52

Marriage and family therapists must have a PhD.

Question 53

Which of the following is true of confidentiality for children in psychotherapy,with respect to their parents?

A) Children hold the right to confidentiality from their parents.
B) Parents have a legal right to know what children disclose in therapy, with very few exceptions.
C) Parents and children must agree on what will remain confidential before the start of the therapy.
D) Clinicians must have both children and their parents in the room together during therapy; in this way, there is no true confidentiality.

Question 54

A goal of cognitive therapy is not to think positively,but instead to view the world more realistically.

Question 55

Motivation to change behavior is usually higher in adults than in children.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT true of confidentiality?

A) It allows clients to disclose more freely.
B) It is absolute; information disclosed in therapy can never be disclosed to anyone else.
C) There are situations in which the therapist is required to break confidentiality.
D) Courts cannot mandate that clinicians break confidentiality.

Question 57

The dodo verdict applies to medications to treat childhood psychological disorders.

Question 58

SSRIs can be used to treat depression but have little utility for treating other conditions in youth.

Question 59

The dodo verdict refers to the fact that all forms of adult psychotherapy have been found to be roughly equally effective,overall.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 Cs of ethics when working with children and families?

A) cooperation
B) consent
C) confidentiality
D) conflicts of interest

Question 61

How does the ethical principle of competence relate to psychology students who are involved in providing mental health care?

Question 62

All treatments that are effective are also efficacious and all treatments that are efficacious are also effective.

Question 63

What is an enmeshed family?

Question 64

Why might it be preferable to prescribe nonstimulant medication for ADHD to adolescents than stimulant medication?

Question 65

Why is it important to weight effect sizes by the number of participants in each study?

Question 66

H.M.was a famous subject who contributed a great deal to what we know about memory today.Due to a lesion in his medial temporal lobe he had profound anterograde amnesia-he could not make new memories.When seeing people he had met thousands of times before,it was,to him,like meeting them for the first time.Given this information and what you know about the requirements for consent,was H.M.able to provide consent for the many psychological experiments he participated in over the years?

Question 67

Why might it be the case that behavior therapy,overall,works best for children?

Question 68

What is the difference between ethics and morality? Can something ever be ethical and immoral,or moral and unethical?

Question 69

What is the dodo verdict?

Question 70

What is the difference between cognitive bias and cognitive distortion?