Deck 9: Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents

Question 1

Evidence on the efficacy of MST has indicated which of the following?

A) It is effective in the short term, but 13 years after treatment, the effect disappears.
B) It is effecitve in reducing misdemeanors but not felonies.
C) It is effective in reducing adolescent antisocial behavior and may also have long-term positive effects.
D) It is effective in reducing arrests, but not effective in reducing offenses committed, indicating it can backfire and teach youths ways to get away with their crimes.

Answer 1

It is effective in reducing adolescent antisocial behavior and may also have long-term positive effects.

Question 2

Which class of conduct problems is covert and nondestructive?

A) property violations
B) aggression
C) rule violations
D) oppositional-defiant behavior

Answer 2

rule violations

Question 3

What is skillstreaming?

A) a structured, psychoeducational activity in which a skill is introduced by a facilitator and defined by the group
B) practicing a new social skill in a variety of contexts
C) practicing a new social skill repeatedly in a single context until it is mastered
D) an activity in which the skills needed to accomplish a task are written down and voted on by a group

Answer 3

a structured, psychoeducational activity in which a skill is introduced by a facilitator and defined by the group

Question 4

Mike is at a party where everyone is dancing close together.Another kid accidentally bumps into him,and Mike punches the kid.Mike's behavior is an example of ______.

A) proactive aggression
B) reactive aggression
C) rule violations
D) oppositional-defiant behavior

Question 5

How do clinicians determine if a child's behavior is uncharacteristic for his or her age?

A) observational assessment using analogue tasks
B) interviews with siblings and/or classmates
C) norm-referenced behavior rating scales
D) performance on tests of impulse control and frustration tolerance

Question 6

Which were the two dimensions along which Frick and colleagues were able to classify conduct problems?

A) overtness and destructiveness
B) overtness and confrontation
C) destructiveness and duration
D) destructiveness and rule-breaking

Question 7

Depressive disorders are associated with which dimension of ODD?

A) argumentative and defiant behavior
B) angry or irritable mood
C) vindictiveness
D) aggression toward people and animals

Question 8

Which of the following is one key component of aggression replacement training?

A) It is practiced in a group.
B) It focuses on the use of punishment.
C) It takes place in the classroom.
D) It is usually mandated for those who have been arrested.

Question 9

In which of the following ways does ODD differ from ADHD?

A) Symptoms must be present at an earlier age for a diagnosis of ODD than for a diagnosis of ADHD.
B) Only ADHD involves problems regulating behavior.
C) ADHD requires symptoms to be present in more settings.
D) Only ADHD requires impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Question 10

The distinction between childhood-onset CD and adolescent-onset CD is ______.

A) whether at least one symptom occurs before age 10
B) whether the criteria are fully met before age 10
C) whether the child is diagnosed before age 10
D) whether the condition is treated before age 10

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a category of symptoms for conduct disorder (CD)?

A) aggression to people or animals
B) destruction of property
C) vindictiveness
D) serious violations of rules

Question 12

Reactive aggression is associated with all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) impulsivity
B) young children
C) emotion regulation problems
D) extra sensitivity to reinforcement

Question 13

Which dimension of ODD predicts the emergence of CD in adolescence?

A) argumentative and defiant behavior
B) angry or irritable mood
C) vindictiveness
D) aggression toward people and animals

Question 14

Aggression replacement trainng includes all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) skillstreaming
B) meditation and mindfulness training
C) anger control training
D) moral reasoning training

Question 15

Conduct problems are ______.

A) the most common childhood mental health problems referred for diagnosis
B) surpassed only by ADHD as a reason for pediatricians to refer to a mental health provider
C) surpassed by anxiety disorders and depression as a reason for pediatricians to refer to a mental health provider
D) infrequently referred to mental health providers because these issues are often not considered mental health issues, but instead "bad behavior" issues

Question 16

Which class of symptoms for ODD is characterized by problems controlling both emotions and overt actions?

A) argumentative and defiant behavior
B) angry or irritable mood
C) vindictiveness
D) aggression toward people and animals

Question 17

Setting a fire would fall into which category of conduct problems?

A) property violations
B) aggression
C) rule violations
D) oppositional-defiant behavior

Question 18

Breaking and entering is in which category of conduct disorder behaviors?

A) aggression to people and animals
B) destruction of property
C) deceitfulness or theft
D) serious violations of rules

Question 19

When would a child with ODD be considered to have a severe form of the disorder?

A) when it has persisted more than 2 years
B) when it developed before the age of 6 years old
C) when it appears in three or more settings
D) When the outcome of the disorder requires extensive supports for appropriate functioning

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT suggested by the DSM-5 as a way to distinguish typical child behavior from childhood behavior problems?

A) symptom number
B) symptom frequency
C) children's overall developmental context
D) situational context

Question 21

Problems with emotion regulation can lead to the development of conduct problems in all of the following ways EXCEPT which of the following ?

A) Young children's emotional outbursts may make it more difficult for parents to respond sensitively and appropriately.
B) Preschool-age children's problems with emotion regulation may make it more diffiuclt for them to internalize rules and maintain appropriate behavior.
C) Children who regulate their emotions too much often internalize disapproval and see threats even when they are not present.
D) Intense negative emotional displays can lead to peer rejection, causing affiliation with other peer-rejected children who may introduce them to antisocial behaviors.

Question 22

Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence of conduct problems?

A) Boys are more likely than girls to have CD, but are equally likely as girls to have ODD.
B) Boys are more likely than girls to have ODD, but are equally likely as girls to have CD.
C) Boys are more likely than girls to have CD, and are more likely than girls to have ODD.
D) Boys and girls are equally likely to have CD, and are equally likely to have ODD.

Question 23

The text describes a number of reasons girls might engage in relational aggression to a greater degree than boys do.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) Girls view relational aggression as more deniable than other types of aggression.
B) Girls are socialized differently and are discouraged from displaying anger through physical aggression.
C) Girls may find relational aggression to be more effective than physical aggression.
D) Girls' comparatively advanced language skills make relational aggression possible at younger ages for them than for boys.

Question 24

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a cause of the relationship between conduct problems and alcohol and drug use?

A) Children with conduct problems and alcohol and drug use tend to be more attuned to negative than to positive reinforcement, causing them to seek negative reinforcement from substances and from engaging in deviant behavior.
B) A common set of genes predisposes individuals to both conduct problems and substance use disorders.
C) Disruptive children are typically first introduced to alcohol and drugs by older, deviant peers.
D) Sensitivity toward rewards may predispose youths to both conduct problems and substance use.

Question 25

Recent research has supported which of the following theories of the relationship between conduct problems and depression?

A) Depression and feelings of low self-worth cause conduct problems.
B) Depressive smptoms are masked by children's disruptive and aggressive behavior.
C) Conduct problems usually precede depressive symptoms.
D) Conduct problems turn into depressive symptoms because hatred for the world and society turns inward to become a hatred of oneself.

Question 26

Which is true of the relative prevalence of conduct problems across time,as a function of gender?

A) Rates are similar between boys and girls in preschool, then the rate of conduct problems increases overall in middle school, with boys having a higher rate than girls; by late adolescence the gap narrows.
B) Rates are similar between boys and girls in preschool, but then the rate of conduct problems from middle school onward increases only for boys, while girls stay at the same low level.
C) From preschool through adulthood, males always have a higher rate of conduct problems than females do.
D) From preschool through middle school, boys have a higher rate of conduct problems but in late adolescence the gender gap narrows.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a part of the "with limited prosocial emotions" specifier for CD?

A) limited social support seeking
B) lack of remorse or guilt
C) lack of concern about performance
D) shallow or deficient affect

Question 28

Social information-processing biases present in those with conduct problems are targeted by which of the following?

A) PMT
B) PCIT
C) PSST
D) MST

Question 29

Among those with CD,which of the following comorbid conditions is more common among girls than among boys?

A) ADHD
B) anxiety or depression
C) ADHD and anxiety or depression
D) ADHD and substance use disorder

Question 30

What is the best way to assess limited prosocial emotions?

A) by asking the child to self-report
B) by asking the parents to describe the symptoms and their duration and severity
C) by seeking reports from multiple adults inolved in the child's life
D) through extensive interviews between the clinician and the child, which may involve role-playing or scenarios

Question 31

Teaching a child to ask,"What are all my possibilities?" is associated with improvement in which of the social processing steps?

A) interpreting cues
B) clarifying goals
C) generating possible plans for action
D) evaluating

Question 32

Jaiden has been diagnosed with CD.Not only was he engaging in acts of physical aggression,setting fires (among other things)and lying,he also didn't seem to feel sorry for any of these acts but did regret getting caught.Which of the following is true of Jaiden?

A) He should be diagnosed with conduct disorder with limited prosocial emotions.
B) He most likely had adolescent-onset CD.
C) He is experiencing a lack of remorse or guilt.
D) He is experiencing callousness or lack of empathy.

Question 33

Combining PSST and PMT ______.

A) seemed to produce a cancelling effect, with behavior no better than control children
B) did not provide any additional benefit to PSST alone
C) did not provide any additional benefit to PMT alone
D) produced better outcomes than either treatment alone

Question 34

How do we know that some youths with difficult temperament show low emotional arousal?

A) They have low resting heart rate, reduced brain activity, and low skin conductivity.
B) They report not experiencing strong emotions.
C) Their parents report low emotional responsiveness.
D) They have trouble identifying the emotions of others.

Question 35

Those with CD with limited prosocial emotions may be especially resistant to treatment because of which of the following?

A) They are less willing to establish a trusting relationship with a therapist.
B) They will hide medication instead of taking it.
C) They may be less sensitive to reinforcement.
D) They view their behavior as less problematic than others with CD do.

Question 36

Which factors are NOT associated with a youth with CD's likelihood of devleoping ASPD?

A) the number of covert symptoms the youth shows in adolescence
B) the number of overt symptoms the youth shows in adolescence
C) greater socioeconomic disadvantage
D) childhood-onset of the CD

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the relationship between conduct problems and substance use?

A) Youths with conduct disorders are more likely to use substances than those without conduct disorder.
B) Youths with conduct disorders begin using substances at earlier ages than those without conduct disorder.
C) ODD and CD may be important, unique predictors of adolescent substance use problems.
D) The relationship between conduct problems and substance use is mediated by ADHD.

Question 38

Which of the following has NOT been posited regarding the nature of the association between ADHD and conduct problems?

A) Shared genes explain the association.
B) Genes predispose children to show oppositional behaviors, and then the responses by adults lead to ADHD symptoms.
C) The hyperactive-impulsive symptoms of ADHD lead youths to engage in aggression and other antisocial acts.
D) Difficulties controlling their emotions lead kids with ADHD to develop oppositional-defiant and aggressive behavior.

Question 39

Research has shown that CD with limited prosocial emotions is ______.

A) more common than CD without limited prosocial emotions
B) associated with more instances of shoplifting and truancy
C) associated with higher likelihood of serious, violent crime
D) more common in childhood than in adolescence

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a system addressed by MST?

A) family
B) peers
C) community
D) school

Question 41

According to the social information processing model,which of the following is NOT one of the six problem-solving steps to resolve social situations?

A) encoding cues about the social situation
B) clarifying goals for the situation
C) deciding on a response
D) reporting thoughts or actions to others

Question 42

Aggressive and delinquent behavior is most strongly associated with:

A) ODD
B) CD
C) low emotional arousal
D) high emotional reactivity

Question 43

Maverick's mom says,"You can watch TV,but first you have to put away your toys." This is an example of ______.

A) negative reinforcement
B) parent -child interaction training
C) token economy
D) Premack's principle

Question 44

Those with low emotional arousal ______.

A) are not interested in pursuing pleasure and excitement
B) need more extreme experiences to obtain pleasure and excitement
C) cannot experience pleasure and excitement
D) need to engage in typical pleasurable experiences much more frequently to obtain pleasure and excitement

Question 45

A child who has trouble encoding and interpreting situational cues would be most likely to show which of the following?

A) proactive aggression
B) reactive aggression
C) social withdrawal
D) social facilitation

Question 46

Parents of disruptive children frequently alternate between which two types of parenting behaviors?

A) authoritarian and authoritative
B) authoritarian and hostile-coercive
C) authoritarian and permissive
D) permissive and hostile-coercive

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a disadvatage of positive punishment?

A) It does not allow children to understand which actions should be avoided.
B) It models hostile and aggressive behaviors to children.
C) It doesn't teach children new, prosocial beahviors.
D) It rewards children, through negative reinforcement, for escaping punishment.

Question 48

Research on the outcomes associated with the Incredible Years program indicates all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) children whose families participated in any of the treatment components showed more improvement in behavior than children whose families did not participate
B) children whose families participated in multiple treatment components showed more improvement in behavior than children whose families participated in only one
C) the most effective component of the program is the SCHOOL program
D) about 25% of parents report that their children have significant behavior problems 3 years after completing treatment

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT especially associated with oppositional,defiant,and aggressive behavior in offspring?

A) paternal depression
B) maternal depression
C) paternal antisocial behavior
D) parental substance abuse

Question 50

Reprimands by parents are less effective for those with low emotional arousal primarily because these children have an impairment in the experience of which of the following?

A) joy and sorrow
B) disappointment and excitement
C) fear and guilt
D) anger and jealousy

Question 51

Learning how to give effective commands to children is a component of which of the following?

A) the child-directed interaction component of PCIT
B) the parent-direct interaction component of PCIT
C) PMT
D) MST

Question 52

Is parent management training effective?

A) Yes, but only for parents who are not under high stress.
B) Yes, but parents with substance use or mental health problems are more likely to drop out.
C) Yes, but only for adolescents; children may not have the cognitive ability to engage in it fully.
D) No, a recent meta-analysis showed no improvement with parent management training compared to a no-treatment control group.

Question 53

Rich and Bobby have both been teased and ostracized by their peers.In part,this is because they each have exhibited disruptive and oppositional behaviors.So,Rich and Bobby become friends with each other.Their friendship is a tendency known as ______.

A) controversial sociometric bias
B) rejected association
C) selective affiliation
D) deviancy training

Question 54

Which of the following is the best predictor of which children with ODD will be on the childhood-onset CD path?

A) peer rejection
B) additional genetic risk
C) difficult temperament
D) hyperactive-impulsive behaviors in early childhood

Question 55

Which is the most widely used and best supported treatment for conduct problems in children?

A) parent management training
B) multisystemic treatment
C) problem-solving skills training
D) parent-child interaction training

Question 56

A child sees a toy he wants in a store window.He asks for the toy.His mother says no.The child begins to tantrum.The mother is embarrassed and frustrated and rationalizes that it is just a small toy.She gives in and buys the toy for her son,and the son stops crying.What is the result of this coercive family process?

A) Both the child and the parent are positively reinforced.
B) Both the child and the parent are negatively reinforced.
C) The child is positively reinforced and the parent is negatively reinforced.
D) The child is negatively reinforced and the parent is positively reinforced.

Question 57

Why does early menarche place girls at risk for conduct problems?

A) Those with early menarche are more likely to be using medications for physical or psychological conditions; these conditions confer the risk for conduct problems.
B) Those with early menarche are more likely to be using medications for physical and psychological conditions; the side effects of these medications confers the risk.
C) Those with early menarche are exposed to a much greater hormonal cascade than other individuals; the hormonal cascade confers the risk.
D) Those with early menarche exhibit physical changes that can attract much older boys, who can introduce them to antisocial and sexual behavior; this social influence confers the risk.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a typical difference in social information processing between those who exhibit proactive aggression and typically developing individuals?

A) Those with proactive aggression tend to ignore potentially important cues in the situation.
B) Those with proactive aggression tend to prioritize instrumental over relational goals.
C) Those with proactive aggression tend to emphasize the positive aspects of aggressive behavior.
D) Those with proactive aggression tend to minimize the negative aspects of aggressive behavior.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a way in which poorer neighboroods may confer greater risk for disruptive behavior problems in childhood?

A) Poorer neighborhoods may lack institutional resources to meet children's needs.
B) Poorer neighborhoods may have less supervision of children's afterschool activities.
C) Poorer neighborhoods may have weaker social control networks to encourage prosocial behavior.
D) Poorer neighborhoods, by virtue of their typically higher crime, may have higher parental monitoring, causing more children to rebel.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a predictor of continued behavior problems after completing the Incredible Years program?

A) high marital distress
B) low socioeconomic status
C) family history of substance abuse
D) lead exposure

Question 61

What finding related to the development of conduct problems provides support for the diathesis-stress model?

Question 62

The child's distress is necessary for a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

Question 63

Lying would be considered a covert symptom of CD.

Question 64

Multisystemic therapy does not produce reliable benefits for youths with severe conduct problems,but does seem to produce a benefit for their siblings.

Question 65

The prognosis for those on the adolescent-onset CD pathway is ______.

A) excellent; most youths discontinue their antisocial actions in early adulthood
B) poor; most youths with adolescent-onset CD continue to meet criteria for a conduct problem in adulthood, though not quite as many as with childhood-onset CD
C) poor; as many youths with adolescent-onset CD as with childhood-onset CD continue to meet criteria for a conduct problem in adulthood
D) fair; many continue to engage in antisocial behavior into their early adulthood

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main pathways toward conduct problems?

A) ODD only pathway
B) childhood-onset CD pathway
C) adolescent-onset CD pathway
D) CD only pathway

Question 67

Provide an example of environmental structuring.

Question 68

Which is true of the course of childhood-onset CD?

A) Those with callous-unemotional traits have a persistent form of the disorder, while others typically return to normal functioning within 2 years.
B) The majority of those with childhood-onset CD will still have the condition 3 years later.
C) The majority of those with the condition will develop psychopathy.
D) Less than 5% of those with childhood-onset CD can be rehabilitated.

Question 69

How does conduct disorder relate to psychopathy?

Question 70

How might academic underachievement perpetuate conduct problems?

Question 71

Describe the components of multisystemic therapy.

Question 72

Using DSM-5 criteria,children can have both ODD and CD at the same time.

Question 73

In what ways does low emotional arousal contribute to the development of conduct problems?

Question 74

Childhood-onset CD is usually associated with worse outcomes than adolescent-onset CD.

Question 75

Children who show reactive aggression are more likely to be rejected by peers than children who show proactive aggression.

Question 76

Because youths with ODD and CD often have first-degree relatives with histories of conduct problems or antisocial behavior,we can conclude that conduct problems are transmitted due to shared genes.