Deck 13: Behavior

Question 1

Behavior

A) can be defined as a response to stimuli.
B) is limited to innate responses.
C) can be separated into three distinct categories.
D) is easy to define and study
E) is all of these.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The gap or space between two nerve cells is called

A) a synapse
B) the peripheral nervous system.
C) a neurotransmitter.
D) an endorphin.
E) a receptor.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In fragile X syndrome,

A) individuals overproduce the FMRP protein.
B) females are more likely to be affected than males.
C) the X chromosome has undergone a translocation.
D) the mutated gene is located on the Y chromosome.
E) the mutated site on the X chromosome leads to chromosomal breaks.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

All of the following are genetic changes that alter human behavior EXCEPT

A) chromosomal abnormalities.
B) single-gene defects.
C) multiple gene-gene interactions.
D) multifactorial conditions.
E) genetic changes caused by drug usage.

Question 5

Which of the following is an inherited disease that leads to aggressive behavior and violence?

A) Huntington disease
B) schizophrenia
C) fragile X syndrome
D) MAOA deficiency
E) alcoholism

Question 6

Why are animal models used to study human behavior?

A) Human behavior is often similar to animal behavior.
B) Genetics is entirely responsible for behavior.
C) Like animals, human behavioral responses show very little variation between different individuals and different situations.
D) Like animals, all human behaviors are innate.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 7

Schizophrenia is a

A) multifactorial condition that affects behavior.
B) recessive genetic condition that affects behavior.
C) only determined by environmental conditions.
D) disorder that develops due to exposure to toxins.
E) disorder that cannot be treated.

Question 8

What chromosomal abnormality describes an individual with Jacobs syndrome?

A) XYY
B) XXX
C) YY
D) XXY
E) XY with a fragile X chromosome

Question 9

Individuals with XYY (Jacobs)syndrome are

A) female.
B) usually not prone to antisocial behavior.
C) very likely to commit violent acts.
D) shorter than normal.
E) all very aggressive.

Question 10

In a condition called ____,changes result in impulsive behavior and autism.

A) fragile X syndrome
B) Huntington disease
C) alcoholism
D) attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity
E) schizophrenia

Question 11

Neurotransmitters are all of the following EXCEPT

A) chemicals present in the brain.
B) capable of changing a person's moods and actions.
C) released in response to certain stimuli.
D) released when certain nerve cells in the brain become active.
E) are only produced by cells of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 12

Which of the following human traits has the lowest concordance rate in identical twins?

A) eye color
B) blood type
C) diabetes
D) schizophrenia
E) alcoholism in males

Question 13

Dizygotic twins

A) have identical genetic sequences.
B) share about half of their genes.
C) must be the same sex.
D) exhibit genetic differences from each other caused by environmental influences after fertilization.
E) always show higher concordance values than do identical twins.

Question 14

Schizophrenia is a(n)____ disorder.

A) multifactorial
B) single gene defect
C) recessive
D) entirely X-linked
E) environmental

Question 15

The mutated form of the monoamine oxidase type A (MAOA)gene has been linked to aggressive and violent behavior due to

A) overproduction of certain neurotransmitters.
B) a lack of serotonin receptors.
C) the inability to break down serotonin.
D) the production of abnormal neurotransmitters.
E) underproduction of certain neurotransmitters.

Question 16

Neurotransmitters are

A) chemicals that cause us to act and react to various stimuli.
B) produced by liver cells.
C) chemicals that are only released during pregnancy.
D) always traveling great distances in the body.
E) all identical to each other.

Question 17

When a person is exercising,the release of _____ leads to a feeling of exhilaration.

A) serotonin
B) nicotine
C) endorphins
D) lithium
E) synapsin

Question 18

Mice are often used to study human behavior for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A) mice are easy to maintain.
B) mice reproduce rapidly.
C) the behaviors of mice are easy to observe.
D) the genome of a mouse can be genetically manipulated.
E) mice have many genes not found in humans.

Question 19

Behavioral genetics is the study of the influence of

A) environment on behavior.
B) genetics on behavior.
C) animal behavior on human behavior.
D) diet on behavior.
E) drugs on behavior.

Question 20

Concordance of a trait helps establish whether or not a trait

A) has a genetic basis.
B) is associated with genetic disease.
C) is recessive.
D) is autosomal.
E) is sex-linked.

Question 21

Of people in the U.S.who consume alcohol,what percentage are diagnosed as alcoholics?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%
E) 75%

Question 22

Match the associated terms.
a.A mutated form of the gene causes serotonin not to break down
b.Cell loss in the brain
c.An area in the chromosome is prone to breakage
d.Some are more aggressive, taller males
e.Lithium treatment
Bipolar disorder

Question 23

Changes in a single gene can affect a person's behavior.

Question 24

Researchers studying epigenetic changes in animals find that

A) paternal behavior can permanently affect the behavior of the offspring.
B) parental behavior does not affect the behavior of the offspring.
C) only genetics determines the adult behavior of the offspring.
D) maternal behavior can permanently affect the behavior of the offspring.
E) the behavior of an offspring is most influenced by the behavior of their siblings.

Question 25

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term to the definition.
a.Gap between nerve cells
b.Brain chemical
c.Responsible for a rush of exhilaration
Endorphin

Question 26

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term to the definition.
a.Gap between nerve cells
b.Brain chemical
c.Responsible for a rush of exhilaration
Synapse

Question 27

Match the associated terms.
a.A mutated form of the gene causes serotonin not to break down
b.Cell loss in the brain
c.An area in the chromosome is prone to breakage
d.Some are more aggressive, taller males
e.Lithium treatment
Fragile X syndrome

Question 28

For most traits,concordance values are higher in fraternal twins than in identical twins.

Question 29

Studying behavior in animals does not provide information about human behavior.

Question 30

Lithium

A) is present in abnormally high levels in some individuals with bipolar disorder.
B) is an effective treatment for alcoholism.
C) is broken down by the monoamine oxidase type A enzyme.
D) is an effective treatment for some cases of bipolar disorder.
E) leads to damage in the brain.

Question 31

Mice in which the gene encoding serotonin receptors has been knocked out respond to stimuli by being very passive.

Question 32

Neurotransmitters in the brain are chemicals that cause us to act and react in certain ways.

Question 33

Huntington disease is an example of a genetic condition that causes changes in behavior.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about homosexual behavior is true?

A) Twin studies indicate that there is no genetic component to homosexual behavior.
B) The genes determining homosexual behavior has been identified on the Y chromosome.
C) Most studies on homosexual behavior have only looked at males.
D) A single gene is responsible for homosexual behavior.
E) Homosexual behavior shows higher concordance in fraternal twins than in identical twins.

Question 35

A person behaves in a certain way strictly based on his or her heredity.

Question 36

MATCHING
Match the appropriate term to the definition.
a.Gap between nerve cells
b.Brain chemical
c.Responsible for a rush of exhilaration
Neurotransmitter

Question 37

Researchers have studied identical twins reared apart to study the role of genetics and environment in controlling behavior.

Question 38

All XYY individuals show antisocial behaviors.

Question 39

Match the associated terms.
a.A mutated form of the gene causes serotonin not to break down
b.Cell loss in the brain
c.An area in the chromosome is prone to breakage
d.Some are more aggressive, taller males
e.Lithium treatment
MAOA deficiency

Question 40

MAOA deficiency leads to overproduction of serotonin.

Question 41

Various individual behaviors seem to have a genetic basis.Give examples of some behaviors that have been observed in families and have been attributed to genetic mechanisms.

Question 42

Researchers are identifying more genetic factors affecting behavior.With this information,it will be possible to test fetuses and babies for predisposing genetic factors affecting behavior.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such testing.You could consider possible treatments,discrimination,and/or effects on the individual and their family.

Question 43

In cases of behavioral disorders,how might early screening and diagnosis influence insurance eligibility,employment,marriage,and other important societal activities?

Question 44

Match the associated terms.
a.A mutated form of the gene causes serotonin not to break down
b.Cell loss in the brain
c.An area in the chromosome is prone to breakage
d.Some are more aggressive, taller males
e.Lithium treatment
Huntington disease

Question 45

Match the associated terms.
a.A mutated form of the gene causes serotonin not to break down
b.Cell loss in the brain
c.An area in the chromosome is prone to breakage
d.Some are more aggressive, taller males
e.Lithium treatment
XYY syndrome

Question 46

Discuss how information about the behavioral genetics of other organisms can be used in human genetics..