Deck 14: Immunogenetics

Question 1

If a person is Rh⁺ then they

A) are either Rh+Rh+ or Rh+Rh-.
B) are either Rh+Rh+ or Rh-Rh-.
C) must be Rh-Rh-.
D) do not have the Rh blood group antigen on their blood cells.
E) are none of these.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The genes for the HLA complex are located on which chromosome?

A) 1
B) 6
C) 21
D) X
E) Y

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following will happen if there is an ABO blood type mismatch between donor and recipient in a blood transfusion EXCEPT

A) the recipient's immune system will make antibodies against the donor antigens.
B) the donated blood cells will form clumps.
C) large amounts of hemoglobin will be released from damaged RBCs.
D) it can lead to kidney failure in the recipient.
E) there will be no problem as long as the Rh factors match.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

White blood cells can do all of the following EXCEPT

A) consume the bacteria that are marked by antibodies.
B) produce antibodies.
C) activate memory cells.
D) coordinate repair of the damaged skin cells.
E) stimulate B cells to divide.

Question 5

Which is an/are important components of the human immune system?

A) skin
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) memory cells
E) All of these are important components of the human immune system.

Question 6

In a hyperacute rejection,

A) transplanted cells trigger a massive immune response.
B) antigens from pigs are transplanted onto human cells.
C) several important human proteins are transplanted.
D) environmental conditions cause a massive immune response.
E) a very intense allergic reaction occurs.

Question 7

For a patient needing a kidney transplant,which of the following would be the most likely to be a compatible donor source?

A) One of the patient's siblings
B) An unrelated individual
C) The patient's adopted child
D) A cousin of the patient
E) The patient's grandparents

Question 8

Which of the following is correct about whether a person with type O blood can receive a transfusion of type A blood?

A) Yes, type A individuals are universal donors.
B) No, type A individuals can donate only to another type A individual.
C) No, since type O individuals will produce antibodies against the A and B markers, the type A blood will be rejected.
D) Yes, type O individuals are universal recipients.
E) Yes, but only if the blood is Rh+.

Question 9

Rejection of an organ transplant can occur because the

A) patient has received a vaccination against organ transplants.
B) Rh- mother has produced antibodies against the Rh antigen.
C) antigens on the transplanted organ cells' surface do not match those on the recipients' cells.
D) patient has been given immunosuppressive drugs.
E) HLA haplotype for the transplanted organ matches that of the recipient.

Question 10

What is the principal behind vaccinations?

A) An inactive or weakened disease-causing agent is injected to stimulate the body to produce antibodies and memory cells.
B) An inactive antigen can stimulate RBC to multiply.
C) Vaccinations stimulate a hyperacute rejection against the infectious agent.
D) Vaccinations contain antibodies that will stay in the body and provide long-term protection against the infectious agent.
E) All viruses and bacteria have identical antigens.

Question 11

Can a woman with blood type A have a child with blood type O?

A) Yes, but only if the father has type O blood.
B) No, this is not possible genetically.
C) No, to have a child with type O blood, the mother must also have type O blood.
D) Yes, but only if the mother is IAIA and the father is IAIO.
E) Yes, but the mother must be IAIO.

Question 12

The function of the human immune system is/are

A) to promote tissue transplants from any other human.
B) to promote organ regrowth after organ damage.
C) to protect the human body from infections caused by bacteria and viruses.
D) to defend against hypertension.
E) to adjust for changes in climatic conditions.

Question 13

What is/are the specific cell(s)involved in the adaptive immune system?

A) T cells and B cells
B) red blood cells
C) antibodies
D) platelets
E) A,B, and O cells

Question 14

Detection of an antigen activates ____ that are required to activate the B cells.

A) Rh+ blood cells
B) T4 helper cells
C) red blood cells
D) killer T cells
E) memory cells

Question 15

Transplants from animal to human are termed

A) mismatched transplants.
B) transgenic transplants.
C) cross species transplants.
D) histocompatibility transplants.
E) xenotransplants.

Question 16

Our body's first line of defense against foreign invaders is the ____,which acts as a barrier.

A) kidney
B) brain
C) skin
D) heart
E) stomach

Question 17

When B cells are activated,____ cells are produced.

A) antigen-destroying
B) T4 helper
C) memory
D) killer T
E) autoimmune

Question 18

All of the following are potential problems faced when trying to transplant pig organs into humans EXCEPT

A) pig organs may trigger a strong immune reaction.
B) there are already too many human organs available for transplant.
C) pig organs can potentially carry viruses that are dangerous to humans.
D) the pig HLA complexes are very different from human HLA complexes.
E) All of these are reasons for potential problems.

Question 19

In determining the ABO blood types,the Iᴬ is _____ the Iᴮ allele.

A) completely dominant over
B) incompletely dominant with
C) codominant with
D) not related to
E) recessive to

Question 20

Antibodies are

A) proteins secreted by activated B cells that bind antigen.
B) antigens found on certain foreign invaders.
C) proteins produced by T helper cells.
D) antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
E) part of the HLA complex.

Question 21

Immunosuppressive drugs are given to people after an organ transplant to prevent bacterial infections.

Question 22

During a second pregnancy,when is the Rh factor a problem?

A) When the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+.
B) When the mother is Rh+ and the fetus is Rh-.
C) When the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh-.
D) When the mother is Rh+ and the fetus is Rh+.
E) When the mother and father are both Rh-.

Question 23

How is hemolytic disease of newborns prevented?

A) Rh- women are given an antibody preparation against the Rh antigen shortly after giving birth to a Rh- baby.
B) Rh- women are given an antibody preparation against the Rh antigen shortly after giving birth to a Rh+ baby.
C) Women are given an antibody preparation against A and B antigens shortly after giving birth.
D) Rh+ women are given an antibody preparation against the Rh antigen shortly after giving birth to a Rh+ baby.
E) Rh+ women are given an antibody preparation against the Rh antigen shortly after giving birth to a Rh+ baby.

Question 24

The A and B antigens are the only antigens found on the surface of red blood cells.

Question 25

The number of people allergic to peanuts has been decreasing recently.

Question 26

Anaphylactic shock can lead to death.

Question 27

The United Network of Organ Sharing considers many factors,including the wealth and celebrity of the patient,when considering organ recipients.

Question 28

HIV infects and kills ____ cells.

A) bacterial
B) killer T
C) red blood
D) B
E) T4 helper

Question 29

This results when the immune system overreacts to antigens that do not cause an immune response in most people.

A) hyperacute rejection
B) hemolytic disease of newborns
C) cancers
D) strokes
E) allergies

Question 30

HIV can be transmitted through

A) food.
B) water.
C) casual contact with an infected individual.
D) all of these .
E) none of these.

Question 31

A serious disease occurring during some pregnancies,where the Rh factor poses a problem is called

A) Hemolytic disease of newborns.
B) Xenotransplantation.
C) A xenograft.
D) An autoimmune disorder.
E) Hyperacute rejection.

Question 32

What is unusual about people who are naturally resistant to HIV infection?

A) They are all homozygous for a mutant allele of the CC-CKR5 gene.
B) They are all homozygous for a mutant allele of the HLA complex gene.
C) They are all homozygous for a mutant allele of the Rh gene.
D) They do not have any T4 helper cells.
E) They are all heterozygous for a mutant allele of the CC-CKR5 gene.

Question 33

HIV can be transmitted from an infected to an uninfected individual by all of the following means EXCEPT through

A) blood.
B) semen.
C) vaginal secretions.
D) breast milk.
E) sweat.

Question 34

Organs from transgenic pigs are routinely used in transplants to humans.

Question 35

About 80% of all anaphylactic shock cases involve bee stings.

Question 36

Hemolytic disease of newborns can easily be treated during the affected pregnancy.

Question 37

All of the following statements about current HIV drugs are true EXCEPT

A) some prevent the HIV RNA from replicating once inside the T4 helper cells.
B) enfuvirtide blocks entry of the virus into cells.
C) some prevent entry of the virus into target cells.
D) HIV drugs are never used in combination with each other.
E) many of them have serious side effects.

Question 38

Successful organ transplants require that the HLA haplotypes of the donor and recipient be a 100% match.

Question 39

HIV infects cells of the immune system and can lead to AIDS.

Question 40

Individuals need to be at least 16 years of age to consent to donate an organ.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Invades human immune cells

Question 42

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Pig-human immune system

Question 43

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Depends on memory cells

Question 44

What are some possible reasons for the increasing numbers of children and adults with peanut allergies?

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Organ rejection

Question 46

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Massive immune response

Question 47

What is an antigen? What is an antibody? Identify the role of each substance in the immune response.

Question 48

Briefly explain how HIV drugs work.What is the usual approach to the use of HIV drugs for an HIV infected patient?

Question 49

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Animal to human organ donation

Question 50

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Haplotype

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Animal-human transplant

Question 52

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Immune response cell

Question 53

What roles do T helper cells and B cells play in our immune response?

Question 54

Discuss how vaccinations work.

Question 55

Discuss the importance of the HLA complex genes in successful organ transplants.

Question 56

Human blood types are inherited.

Question 57

In terms of blood type,what are the blood types of the offspring that can potentially be produced by a mother who has blood type A and a father who has blood type B? Provide appropriate Punnett squares to illustrate your conclusions.

Question 58

MATCHING
Match the associated terms. Terms may be used more than once
a.HLA complex genes
b.HIV
c.ABO
d.Chimeric system
e.Xenograft
f.Hyperacute rejection
g.Mismatch of antigens
h.Vaccination
i.T4 helper cell
Blood antigens

Question 59

Describe the problems that arise from (a)maternal Rh incompatibility and (b)ABO blood type incompatibility?

Question 60

What blood type is considered to be the universal donor? Which is the universal recipient? What do these terms mean?